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International Criminal Justice and Human Rights Tribunals

Description: This quiz will test your knowledge of International Criminal Justice and Human Rights Tribunals.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: international law human rights criminal justice tribunals
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What is the primary purpose of the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

  1. To prosecute individuals for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

  2. To promote peace and security among nations.

  3. To provide humanitarian aid to victims of conflict.

  4. To monitor human rights violations around the world.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The ICC is a permanent international court that investigates and prosecutes individuals accused of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, namely war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

Which of the following is NOT a crime within the jurisdiction of the ICC?

  1. Genocide

  2. Crimes against humanity

  3. War crimes

  4. Drug trafficking


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Drug trafficking is not a crime within the jurisdiction of the ICC. The ICC's jurisdiction is limited to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, namely war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

What is the principle of complementarity in international criminal law?

  1. The ICC can only prosecute individuals if national courts are unable or unwilling to do so.

  2. The ICC has jurisdiction over all crimes, regardless of whether national courts are able or willing to prosecute them.

  3. The ICC and national courts have concurrent jurisdiction over all crimes.

  4. The ICC can only prosecute individuals if national courts have already convicted them.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of complementarity is a fundamental principle of international criminal law. It states that the ICC can only prosecute individuals if national courts are unable or unwilling to do so. This principle is designed to ensure that the ICC does not interfere with the domestic criminal justice systems of states.

Which of the following is NOT a permanent international criminal tribunal?

  1. The International Criminal Court (ICC)

  2. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

  3. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

  4. The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was a temporary international criminal tribunal established to prosecute individuals responsible for serious crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War. The SCSL was not a permanent international criminal tribunal, unlike the ICC, ICTY, and ICTR.

What is the Rome Statute?

  1. The treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC).

  2. A set of rules that govern the conduct of international criminal trials.

  3. A declaration of principles that promote international peace and security.

  4. A code of conduct for international lawyers.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Rome Statute is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). It was adopted in Rome, Italy, on July 17, 1998, and entered into force on July 1, 2002.

Which of the following is NOT a crime against humanity?

  1. Murder

  2. Rape

  3. Torture

  4. Theft


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Theft is not a crime against humanity. Crimes against humanity are serious violations of international law that are committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population. Examples of crimes against humanity include murder, rape, torture, and forced displacement.

What is the difference between a war crime and a crime against humanity?

  1. War crimes are committed during armed conflict, while crimes against humanity can be committed in peacetime or wartime.

  2. War crimes are committed against combatants, while crimes against humanity are committed against civilians.

  3. War crimes are less serious than crimes against humanity.

  4. War crimes and crimes against humanity are the same thing.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

War crimes are serious violations of international law that are committed during armed conflict. Crimes against humanity are serious violations of international law that are committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population. The key difference between war crimes and crimes against humanity is that war crimes can only be committed during armed conflict, while crimes against humanity can be committed in peacetime or wartime.

Which of the following is NOT a defense to a charge of genocide?

  1. The defendant did not intend to destroy the group in whole or in part.

  2. The defendant was acting under orders from a superior.

  3. The defendant was acting in self-defense.

  4. The defendant was insane at the time of the crime.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Self-defense is not a defense to a charge of genocide. Genocide is a crime that is committed with the intent to destroy a group in whole or in part. The fact that the defendant was acting in self-defense does not negate the intent to destroy the group.

What is the principle of individual criminal responsibility?

  1. Individuals can be held criminally responsible for their actions, even if they were acting on behalf of a state or organization.

  2. Individuals cannot be held criminally responsible for their actions if they were acting on behalf of a state or organization.

  3. Individuals can only be held criminally responsible for their actions if they were acting on behalf of a state or organization.

  4. Individuals cannot be held criminally responsible for their actions if they were acting on behalf of a state or organization.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of individual criminal responsibility is a fundamental principle of international criminal law. It states that individuals can be held criminally responsible for their actions, even if they were acting on behalf of a state or organization. This principle is designed to ensure that individuals cannot escape criminal responsibility for their actions by claiming that they were acting on orders from a superior.

Which of the following is NOT a source of international criminal law?

  1. Treaties

  2. Customary international law

  3. General principles of law

  4. National legislation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

National legislation is not a source of international criminal law. International criminal law is a body of law that is binding on states and individuals. National legislation is only binding within the territory of the state that enacted it.

What is the crime of aggression?

  1. The use of armed force by one state against another state without justification.

  2. The use of armed force by a non-state actor against a state.

  3. The use of armed force by a state against its own citizens.

  4. The use of armed force by a state against another state with justification.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The crime of aggression is the use of armed force by one state against another state without justification. The crime of aggression is a serious violation of international law and can lead to prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Which of the following is NOT a defense to a charge of the crime of aggression?

  1. The defendant was acting in self-defense.

  2. The defendant was acting under orders from a superior.

  3. The defendant was acting in the exercise of the right to self-determination.

  4. The defendant was acting in the exercise of the right to collective security.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The right to self-determination is not a defense to a charge of the crime of aggression. The crime of aggression is a serious violation of international law and can lead to prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC).

What is the principle of universal jurisdiction?

  1. States have the right to prosecute individuals for crimes that were committed outside of their territory.

  2. States have the right to prosecute individuals for crimes that were committed within their territory.

  3. States have the right to prosecute individuals for crimes that were committed against their nationals.

  4. States have the right to prosecute individuals for crimes that were committed by their nationals.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of universal jurisdiction is a principle of international law that allows states to prosecute individuals for crimes that were committed outside of their territory. This principle is based on the idea that certain crimes, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, are so serious that they should be prosecuted regardless of where they were committed.

Which of the following is NOT a challenge to the effectiveness of international criminal justice?

  1. The lack of cooperation from states.

  2. The lack of resources.

  3. The lack of political will.

  4. The lack of public awareness.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The lack of public awareness is not a challenge to the effectiveness of international criminal justice. The lack of cooperation from states, the lack of resources, and the lack of political will are all challenges to the effectiveness of international criminal justice.

What is the future of international criminal justice?

  1. International criminal justice will become more effective in the future.

  2. International criminal justice will become less effective in the future.

  3. International criminal justice will remain the same in the future.

  4. International criminal justice will disappear in the future.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

International criminal justice is a relatively new field of law, but it has made significant progress in recent years. The ICC has successfully prosecuted a number of individuals for serious crimes, and other international criminal tribunals have also made progress in prosecuting individuals for crimes committed during armed conflict. As international criminal justice continues to develop, it is likely to become more effective in the future.

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