Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society, examining how language is used and shaped by social factors such as culture, ethnicity, and social class.

Standard variation is not a type of language variation. Dialectal variation refers to differences in language use between different regions or social groups, temporal variation refers to changes in language use over time, and idiosyncratic variation refers to individual differences in language use.

Language evolution is the process by which languages change over time. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying.

Climate change is not a factor that can influence language change. Contact with other languages, social change, and technological change are all factors that can influence language change.

Language shift is the process by which a language is replaced by another language. Language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying, and language evolution refers to the process by which languages change over time.

Natural death is not a type of language death. Sudden death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken within a short period of time, gradual death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken over a long period of time, and induced death refers to the process by which a language is deliberately killed off.

Language revitalization is the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language evolution refers to the process by which languages change over time.

Banning the use of other languages is not a strategy for language revitalization. Teaching the language in schools, creating language immersion programs, and developing language materials are all strategies for language revitalization.

Language diffusion is the process by which a language is spread from one region or group of people to another. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying.

Climate change is not a factor that can contribute to language diffusion. Trade, migration, and war are all factors that can contribute to language diffusion.

Language standardization is the process by which a language becomes standardized. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying.

Language standardization can lead to the suppression of minority languages. It makes it easier for people from different regions to communicate with each other, helps to promote literacy, and can lead to the development of a national identity.

Language socialization is the process by which a language is used to create and maintain social identity. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying.

Media is not a factor that can influence language socialization. Family, peers, and school are all factors that can influence language socialization.

Language hegemony is the process by which a language is used to create and maintain social power. Language shift refers to the process by which a language is replaced by another language, language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken, and language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is in danger of dying.

Encouraging the use of a language in the media is not a strategy for promoting language hegemony. Imposing a language on a population, promoting the use of a language in education and government, and creating a national identity based on a language are all strategies for promoting language hegemony.