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T Cell Receptors

Description: This quiz will test your knowledge on T Cell Receptors.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: immunology t cell receptors
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What is the primary function of T cell receptors?

  1. To recognize and bind to antigens presented on MHC molecules.

  2. To produce antibodies against pathogens.

  3. To activate B cells and differentiate them into plasma cells.

  4. To release cytokines and chemokines to regulate immune responses.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

T cell receptors are expressed on the surface of T cells and are responsible for recognizing and binding to antigens presented on MHC molecules. This interaction triggers the activation of T cells and the initiation of an immune response.

What are the two main types of T cell receptors?

  1. Alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ)

  2. Immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR)

  3. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II

  4. Interleukin (IL) and interferon (IFN)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are two main types of T cell receptors: alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ). αβ T cells are the most common type and are involved in adaptive immune responses, while γδ T cells are less common and are involved in innate immune responses.

Which type of MHC molecule is recognized by αβ T cell receptors?

  1. MHC class I

  2. MHC class II

  3. Both MHC class I and class II

  4. Neither MHC class I nor class II

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

αβ T cell receptors can recognize antigens presented on both MHC class I and class II molecules. MHC class I molecules present antigens derived from intracellular pathogens, while MHC class II molecules present antigens derived from extracellular pathogens.

Which type of MHC molecule is recognized by γδ T cell receptors?

  1. MHC class I

  2. MHC class II

  3. Both MHC class I and class II

  4. Neither MHC class I nor class II

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

γδ T cell receptors do not recognize antigens presented on MHC molecules. Instead, they recognize non-peptide antigens, such as lipids and phosphoantigens, that are presented by other molecules on the surface of cells.

What is the role of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors in T cell activation?

  1. They bind to MHC molecules and help stabilize the interaction between the TCR and MHC-antigen complex.

  2. They bind to antigens and help deliver them to the TCR.

  3. They bind to other T cells and help form an immunological synapse.

  4. They bind to cytokines and help regulate T cell responses.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

CD4 and CD8 co-receptors bind to MHC molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and help stabilize the interaction between the TCR and the MHC-antigen complex. This interaction is essential for the activation of T cells.

What is the role of the TCR complex in T cell activation?

  1. It recognizes and binds to antigens presented on MHC molecules.

  2. It transmits signals into the T cell that lead to activation.

  3. It helps stabilize the interaction between the TCR and MHC-antigen complex.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The TCR complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to antigens presented on MHC molecules, transmitting signals into the T cell that lead to activation, and helping stabilize the interaction between the TCR and MHC-antigen complex.

What is the role of the CD3 complex in T cell activation?

  1. It recognizes and binds to antigens presented on MHC molecules.

  2. It transmits signals into the T cell that lead to activation.

  3. It helps stabilize the interaction between the TCR and MHC-antigen complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The CD3 complex is responsible for transmitting signals into the T cell that lead to activation. It is composed of several subunits that associate with the TCR and CD4 or CD8 co-receptors.

What is the role of the ζ-chain in T cell activation?

  1. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  2. It transmits signals into the T cell that lead to activation.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The ζ-chain is a signaling molecule that is associated with the TCR complex. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction, transmits signals into the T cell that lead to activation, and helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

What is the role of the Lck tyrosine kinase in T cell activation?

  1. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Lck tyrosine kinase is a signaling molecule that is associated with the TCR complex. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

What is the role of the ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase in T cell activation?

  1. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is a signaling molecule that is associated with the TCR complex. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

What is the role of the PLCγ1 enzyme in T cell activation?

  1. It hydrolyzes PIP2 to generate IP3 and DAG, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels and activation of PKC.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The PLCγ1 enzyme is a signaling molecule that is associated with the TCR complex. It hydrolyzes PIP2 to generate IP3 and DAG, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels and activation of PKC.

What is the role of the PKC enzyme in T cell activation?

  1. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The PKC enzyme is a signaling molecule that is associated with the TCR complex. It phosphorylates the ζ-chain and other signaling molecules, leading to T cell activation.

What is the role of the NF-κB transcription factor in T cell activation?

  1. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The NF-κB transcription factor is a signaling molecule that is activated in response to T cell activation. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

What is the role of the AP-1 transcription factor in T cell activation?

  1. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The AP-1 transcription factor is a signaling molecule that is activated in response to T cell activation. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

What is the role of the STAT transcription factor in T cell activation?

  1. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

  2. It binds to the TCR and helps stabilize the TCR-MHC-antigen interaction.

  3. It helps recruit other signaling molecules to the TCR complex.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The STAT transcription factor is a signaling molecule that is activated in response to T cell activation. It binds to DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

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