Varahamihira, a renowned ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of the zodiac, which divides the ecliptic into twelve equal parts or signs.

The Surya Siddhanta is an ancient Indian astronomical text that provides detailed observations and calculations of planetary motions, eclipses, and other celestial phenomena.

Aryabhata, a brilliant ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

The gnomon is an ancient Indian astronomical instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial objects by observing the length of its shadow.

Aryabhata, the renowned ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry.

The Jantar Mantar is an ancient Indian astronomical observatory located in Delhi, India, and is known for its unique architectural instruments used for astronomical observations.

Varahamihira, the renowned ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for predicting eclipses based on his observations and calculations.

The Surya Siddhanta, an ancient Indian astronomical text, provides a detailed description of the precession of the equinoxes, which is the gradual shift in the position of the equinoxes over time.

Aryabhata, the brilliant ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for calculating the time of sunrise and sunset based on his understanding of the Earth's rotation and the Sun's position.

The astrolabe is an ancient Indian astronomical instrument used to measure the angular distance between celestial objects, such as the Sun, Moon, and stars.

Aryabhata, the renowned ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for calculating the distance to the Moon based on his observations and calculations.

The Surya Siddhanta, an ancient Indian astronomical text, provides a detailed description of the lunar and solar eclipses, including their causes and the methods for predicting them.

Aryabhata, the brilliant ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for calculating the time of day using the position of the Sun based on his understanding of the Earth's rotation and the Sun's position.

The sundial is an ancient Indian astronomical instrument used to measure the time of day based on the position of the Sun.

Aryabhata, the renowned ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician, developed a method for calculating the position of the planets based on his observations and calculations.