A major triad consists of a root, a major third, and a perfect fifth. In this case, C is the root, E is the major third, and G is the perfect fifth.

A minor triad consists of a root, a minor third, and a perfect fifth. In this case, C is the root, E♭ is the minor third, and G is the perfect fifth.

A diminished triad consists of a root, a minor third, and a diminished fifth. In this case, C is the root, E♭ is the minor third, and G♭ is the diminished fifth.

An augmented triad consists of a root, a major third, and an augmented fifth. In this case, C is the root, E is the major third, and G# is the augmented fifth.

A suspended chord is a chord that omits the third. In this case, the third (G) is omitted, leaving C-E-A♭.

An inverted chord is a chord in which the root is not the lowest note. In this case, the root (C) is not the lowest note, so the chord is inverted.

A seventh chord is a chord that consists of a root, a third, a fifth, and a seventh. In this case, C is the root, E is the third, G is the fifth, and B♭ is the seventh.

A ninth chord is a chord that consists of a root, a third, a fifth, a seventh, and a ninth. In this case, C is the root, E is the third, G is the fifth, B♭ is the seventh, and D is the ninth.

A thirteenth chord is a chord that consists of a root, a third, a fifth, a seventh, a ninth, and a thirteenth. In this case, C is the root, E is the third, G is the fifth, B♭ is the seventh, D is the ninth, and F is the thirteenth.

A polychord is a chord that consists of two or more chords played simultaneously. In this case, C-E-G is played over G-B-D.

A cluster chord is a chord that consists of a group of notes that are close together on the chromatic scale. In this case, C-D-E-F-G is a cluster chord.

A quartal chord is a chord that consists of a root, a fourth, and a seventh. In this case, C is the root, F is the fourth, and B♭ is the seventh.

A modal chord is a chord that is based on a scale other than the major or minor scale. In this case, C-D-E-G is a modal chord based on the Dorian scale.

A chromatic chord is a chord that contains one or more notes that are not in the key of the song. In this case, E♭ is not in the key of C major, so C-E♭-G is a chromatic chord.

A parallel chord is a chord that is built on the same root as another chord, but with a different quality. In this case, C-E-G is a parallel chord to C-E♭-G.