Nanotechnology encompasses the study, manipulation, and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale, which is typically defined as the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.

While nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many industries, including electronics, it is not directly related to the development of faster computer chips.

Materials at the nanoscale often exhibit unique properties that are not observed at larger scales, such as enhanced strength, increased reactivity, and altered optical properties.

There are various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, sol-gel synthesis, and others, each with its own advantages and applications.

Active targeting involves modifying the surface of nanoparticles with specific ligands or molecules that can bind to receptors on the target cells or tissues, enabling targeted delivery of drugs or other therapeutic agents.

Nanomaterials may pose potential risks to human health and the environment, including toxicity, environmental impact, and unknown long-term effects, which need to be carefully evaluated and managed.

Nanotoxicology is the study of the potential adverse effects of nanomaterials on living organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.

Nanomaterials are being explored for various medical applications, including nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, nanoscale biosensors for disease detection, and tissue engineering scaffolds for regenerative medicine.

Nanotechnology convergence refers to the integration of nanotechnology with other disciplines, leading to the development of new and innovative technologies and applications.

Nanotechnology-based products face challenges in cost-effective manufacturing, scalability of production, and regulatory and safety concerns, which need to be addressed for successful commercialization.

Nanomaterial design, nanoscale engineering, and nanofabrication are terms used to describe the process of creating nanomaterials with specific properties and structures.

Nanomaterials are being explored for various energy applications, including nanoparticle-based solar cells, nanostructured batteries, and hydrogen fuel cells with nanocatalysts.

Nanomaterials can exhibit unique optical properties due to plasmonics, quantum confinement effects, and surface plasmon resonance, which enable applications such as enhanced light absorption, sensing, and imaging.

Nanomaterials are being explored for various environmental applications, including nanoparticle-based water purification systems, nanoscale sensors for pollution detection, and nanostructured materials for air purification.

Nanoscience encompasses the study of the fundamental properties and behavior of materials at the nanoscale, including their physical, chemical, and biological aspects.