Developing countries often face a severe shortage of financial resources to meet the healthcare needs of their population.

Private health insurance is less common in developing countries due to low income levels and limited access to formal employment.

Out-of-pocket payments are a significant source of healthcare financing in developing countries, often leading to catastrophic health expenditures.

High out-of-pocket payments can lead to delayed or reduced utilization of healthcare services, increased financial burden on households, and potential impoverishment.

Single-payer healthcare is a system where the government is the sole payer for healthcare services, eliminating the need for private health insurance.

Single-payer healthcare systems often limit patient choice by restricting the availability of healthcare providers and services.

Private health insurance is a system where individuals or employers pay premiums to private insurance companies in exchange for coverage of healthcare expenses.

Private health insurance systems can potentially improve access to healthcare services by providing coverage for a wider range of services and reducing financial barriers.

Mixed health financing systems combine elements of both public and private healthcare financing, allowing for a more diverse range of funding sources.

Mixed health financing systems can potentially lead to increased inequities in access to healthcare services due to differences in affordability and coverage between public and private providers.

NGO-based healthcare is a system where NGOs play a significant role in providing healthcare services, often in underserved areas or to marginalized populations.

NGO-based healthcare systems can potentially improve access to healthcare services by reaching underserved populations and providing services that are not available through public or private providers.

FBO-based healthcare is a system where FBOs play a significant role in providing healthcare services, often in underserved areas or to marginalized populations.

FBO-based healthcare systems can potentially improve access to healthcare services by reaching underserved populations and providing services that are not available through public or private providers.

CBO-based healthcare is a system where CBOs play a significant role in providing healthcare services, often in underserved areas or to marginalized populations.

CBO-based healthcare systems can potentially improve access to healthcare services by reaching underserved populations and providing services that are not available through public or private providers.