CSF serves multiple functions, including protecting the brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury, transporting nutrients and waste products, and regulating intracranial pressure.

CSF is primarily produced by the choroid plexus, a network of blood vessels located in the ventricles of the brain.

Normal CSF pressure ranges from 10 to 20 mmHg.

Increased CSF pressure can be caused by various conditions, including hydrocephalus, meningitis, brain tumors, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain.

Congenital hydrocephalus is the most common type, occurring before birth due to a developmental abnormality.

Hydrocephalus is typically treated with surgical intervention, such as the placement of a shunt to drain excess CSF.

Meningitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Bacterial meningitis is the most common type, caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.

Meningitis can cause a variety of symptoms, including headache, fever, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting.

Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics, while viral meningitis is treated with supportive care.

Encephalitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the brain tissue.

Viral encephalitis is the most common type, caused by viruses such as herpes simplex virus and Japanese encephalitis virus.

Encephalitis can cause a variety of symptoms, including headache, fever, confusion, seizures, and altered consciousness.

Viral encephalitis is treated with antiviral medications, while bacterial encephalitis is treated with antibiotics.