Public policy aims to improve the well-being and quality of life for citizens by addressing social, economic, environmental, and political issues.

Policy evaluation is typically considered a separate step that occurs after policy implementation to assess the effectiveness and impact of the policy.

Public policymaking involves the interaction and influence of elected officials, government agencies, interest groups, and the public.

The public plays a crucial role in public policymaking by providing input, holding policymakers accountable, and participating in policy implementation.

Public Choice Theory assumes that individuals, including policymakers, act rationally to maximize their own interests, leading to conflict and competition in policymaking.

Policy feedback refers to the way in which the implementation and outcomes of a policy can influence future policy decisions and agenda setting.

Incrementalism is a policymaking approach that involves making small, gradual changes to existing policies rather than pursuing radical or comprehensive reforms.

Policy learning refers to the process by which policymakers and stakeholders adapt and modify policies based on feedback, experience, and changing circumstances.

Discourse Theory argues that policy outcomes are shaped by the way in which issues are framed, debated, and negotiated in public discourse.

Policy diffusion refers to the process by which policies spread from one jurisdiction to another through various mechanisms such as imitation, learning, and competition.

Mixed Scanning is a policymaking approach that involves considering multiple perspectives, alternatives, and solutions, rather than focusing on a single comprehensive plan.

Policy evaluation is the process of assessing the effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of public policies.

Institutionalism argues that policy outcomes are shaped by the institutional structures and arrangements within which policymaking takes place.

Lobbying refers to the activities undertaken by interest groups to influence policy decisions by directly contacting policymakers.

The Advocacy Coalition Framework emphasizes the importance of understanding the political context, power dynamics, and belief systems that shape policymaking.