Polystyrene, commonly known as Styrofoam, is a lightweight and inexpensive material with excellent thermal insulation properties, making it a popular choice for insulation in buildings.

Reflective coatings on windows help reduce heat gain by reflecting sunlight away from the building, thereby reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the interior spaces.

Metal roofing materials, such as aluminum or steel, have high reflectivity and can effectively reduce heat absorption, leading to improved energy efficiency in buildings.

Energy-efficient windows are designed to minimize heat loss from a building during the winter and heat gain during the summer, resulting in reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling.

Concrete has a high thermal mass, meaning it can absorb and release large amounts of heat without significant temperature changes. This property helps regulate indoor temperatures and reduce energy consumption.

Energy-efficient lighting systems consume less energy while providing the same or better levels of illumination, leading to reduced energy costs and improved sustainability.

Fiberglass is a widely used insulation material due to its effectiveness in reducing heat transfer, affordability, and ease of installation.

A thermal break is a layer of material with low thermal conductivity placed between two materials with high thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer through the building envelope.

Double-pane glass, also known as insulated glass units (IGUs), consists of two or more panes of glass separated by an air or gas-filled space, providing improved thermal insulation compared to single-pane glass.

Energy-efficient appliances consume less energy to perform the same tasks as conventional appliances, leading to reduced energy costs and improved sustainability.

White paint typically has a high solar reflectance index (SRI), meaning it reflects a significant portion of solar radiation, helping reduce heat absorption and improve energy efficiency.

Energy-efficient HVAC systems are designed to consume less energy while providing the same or better levels of heating, cooling, and ventilation, leading to reduced energy costs and improved sustainability.

Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) is a commonly used material for foundation insulation due to its high thermal resistance, moisture resistance, and durability.

Energy-efficient landscaping techniques, such as planting trees for shade and using drought-tolerant plants, can help reduce energy consumption by reducing the need for heating and cooling.

Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without experiencing a significant temperature change, making it useful for thermal energy storage.