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Skepticism

Description: Skepticism Quiz
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: philosophy philosophy of truth skepticism
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What is the primary tenet of skepticism?

  1. The belief that all knowledge is certain.

  2. The belief that all knowledge is uncertain.

  3. The belief that some knowledge is certain and some is uncertain.

  4. The belief that knowledge is impossible.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Skepticism is the philosophical position that all knowledge is uncertain. Skeptics argue that there is no way to know anything for sure, because our senses can deceive us and our reasoning can be flawed.

Who is considered the father of skepticism?

  1. Plato

  2. Aristotle

  3. Pyrrho

  4. Socrates

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360 – c. 270 BCE) is considered the father of skepticism. He argued that all knowledge is uncertain and that we should suspend judgment on all matters.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "problem of induction"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The problem of induction is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure about the future because the future is uncertain. We can only make generalizations based on our past experiences, but there is no guarantee that these generalizations will hold true in the future.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "veil of perception"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The veil of perception is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure about the world because our senses can deceive us. We can only perceive the world through our senses, and our senses are not always reliable.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "Cartesian doubt"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Cartesian doubt is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming. Descartes argued that even our most basic beliefs, such as the belief that we exist, could be false if we are dreaming.

What is the skeptical argument known as the " Münchhausen trilemma"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The Münchhausen trilemma is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because either our evidence is unreliable or our reasoning is flawed. If our evidence is unreliable, then we cannot be sure that our beliefs are true. If our reasoning is flawed, then we cannot be sure that our conclusions are valid.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "Agrippa's trilemma"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

Agrippa's trilemma is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because either our senses are unreliable, our reasoning is flawed, or the world is fundamentally unknowable. If our senses are unreliable, then we cannot be sure that our beliefs about the world are true. If our reasoning is flawed, then we cannot be sure that our conclusions about the world are valid. And if the world is fundamentally unknowable, then we cannot know anything about it for sure.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "problem of other minds"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The problem of other minds is the skeptical argument that we cannot know for sure that other minds exist. We can only infer the existence of other minds from their behavior, but this is not a reliable way to determine whether or not someone else is conscious.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "brain in a vat"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The brain in a vat is the skeptical argument that we cannot know for sure that we are not a brain in a vat, being fed sensory data by a mad scientist. If we were a brain in a vat, then our entire experience of the world would be an illusion.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "simulation hypothesis"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The simulation hypothesis is the skeptical argument that we cannot know for sure that we are not living in a simulation. If we were living in a simulation, then our entire experience of the world would be an illusion.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "argument from ignorance"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The argument from ignorance is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we do not know everything. We can only make generalizations based on the information that we have, but we can never be sure that these generalizations will hold true in all cases.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "cosmological argument"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The cosmological argument is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the universe is infinite and unknowable. We can only observe a small part of the universe, and we can never be sure that our observations are representative of the entire universe.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "ontological argument"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The ontological argument is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because existence is not a predicate. We can only know that something exists if we can observe it, but we can never be sure that something does not exist just because we have not observed it.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "argument from evil"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The argument from evil is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the existence of evil is incompatible with the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. If God is benevolent, then he would not want to create evil. If God is omnipotent, then he would be able to prevent evil from existing. Therefore, the existence of evil is evidence that either God does not exist or that he is not benevolent or omnipotent.

What is the skeptical argument known as the "argument from miracles"?

  1. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our senses can deceive us.

  2. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because our reasoning can be flawed.

  3. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because the future is uncertain.

  4. The argument that we cannot know anything for sure because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The argument from miracles is the skeptical argument that we cannot know anything for sure because miracles are impossible. Miracles are events that violate the laws of nature, and the laws of nature are universal and unchanging. Therefore, miracles cannot happen.

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