General Equilibrium

Description: This quiz covers the concepts related to General Equilibrium in Mathematical Economics.
Number of Questions: 14
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In a general equilibrium model, what is the role of the price mechanism?

  1. To allocate resources efficiently among consumers and producers.

  2. To determine the equilibrium quantity of goods and services.

  3. To ensure that supply and demand are equal in all markets.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The price mechanism plays a crucial role in a general equilibrium model by allocating resources efficiently, determining equilibrium quantities, and ensuring that supply and demand are equal in all markets.

What is the fundamental theorem of welfare economics?

  1. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient.

  2. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, the allocation of resources is socially optimal.

  3. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, the allocation of resources is both Pareto efficient and socially optimal.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The fundamental theorem of welfare economics states that in a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, the allocation of resources is both Pareto efficient and socially optimal, meaning that it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off.

What is the Arrow-Debreu model?

  1. A general equilibrium model with a finite number of goods and consumers.

  2. A general equilibrium model with a continuum of goods and consumers.

  3. A general equilibrium model with uncertainty.

  4. A general equilibrium model with incomplete information.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Arrow-Debreu model is a general equilibrium model with a finite number of goods and consumers, where each consumer has a utility function and each producer has a production function.

What is the Walrasian auctioneer?

  1. A hypothetical agent who coordinates the exchange of goods and services in a general equilibrium model.

  2. A real-world agent who conducts auctions for the sale of goods and services.

  3. A mathematical tool used to solve general equilibrium models.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Walrasian auctioneer is a hypothetical agent who coordinates the exchange of goods and services in a general equilibrium model by calling out prices and adjusting them until supply and demand are equal in all markets.

What is the cobweb model?

  1. A dynamic general equilibrium model that analyzes the interaction between supply and demand over time.

  2. A static general equilibrium model that analyzes the equilibrium prices and quantities of goods and services.

  3. A mathematical tool used to solve general equilibrium models.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cobweb model is a dynamic general equilibrium model that analyzes the interaction between supply and demand over time, where producers adjust their output based on the current market price and consumers adjust their demand based on the current market price.

What is the Pareto efficiency?

  1. A situation where it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off.

  2. A situation where it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off or indifferent.

  3. A situation where it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off or indifferent, and where everyone is indifferent.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pareto efficiency is a situation where it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off, meaning that any reallocation of resources will make at least one individual worse off.

What is the social optimum?

  1. A situation where the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient.

  2. A situation where the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient and maximizes the sum of individual utilities.

  3. A situation where the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient and maximizes the utility of the representative agent.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The social optimum is a situation where the allocation of resources is Pareto efficient and maximizes the sum of individual utilities, meaning that it is impossible to make one individual better off without making someone else worse off and that the total utility of society is maximized.

What is the second welfare theorem?

  1. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a redistribution of endowments.

  2. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a lump-sum transfer of income.

  3. In a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a combination of a redistribution of endowments and a lump-sum transfer of income.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The second welfare theorem states that in a perfectly competitive general equilibrium, any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a lump-sum transfer of income, meaning that it is possible to redistribute income in a way that makes everyone better off without affecting the efficiency of the allocation of resources.

What is the compensation principle?

  1. A principle that states that any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a redistribution of endowments.

  2. A principle that states that any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a lump-sum transfer of income.

  3. A principle that states that any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a combination of a redistribution of endowments and a lump-sum transfer of income.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The compensation principle states that any Pareto efficient allocation of resources can be achieved through a lump-sum transfer of income, meaning that it is possible to redistribute income in a way that makes everyone better off without affecting the efficiency of the allocation of resources.

What is the Edgeworth box?

  1. A graphical representation of the Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, two-consumer economy.

  2. A graphical representation of the Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, many-consumer economy.

  3. A graphical representation of the Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a many-good, two-consumer economy.

  4. A graphical representation of the Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a many-good, many-consumer economy.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Edgeworth box is a graphical representation of the Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, two-consumer economy, where the axes represent the quantities of the two goods consumed by each consumer and the indifference curves represent the preferences of each consumer.

What is the contract curve?

  1. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, two-consumer economy.

  2. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, many-consumer economy.

  3. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a many-good, two-consumer economy.

  4. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a many-good, many-consumer economy.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The contract curve is the set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources in a two-good, two-consumer economy, which is the set of all allocations that lie on the Edgeworth box and are not dominated by any other allocation.

What is the core?

  1. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources that are also individually rational.

  2. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources that are also socially optimal.

  3. The set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources that are also both individually rational and socially optimal.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The core is the set of all Pareto efficient allocations of resources that are also individually rational, meaning that no consumer can be made better off by reallocating resources without making someone else worse off.

What is the impossibility theorem?

  1. A theorem that states that it is impossible to design a social choice rule that satisfies certain desirable properties.

  2. A theorem that states that it is impossible to achieve Pareto efficiency in a general equilibrium model.

  3. A theorem that states that it is impossible to achieve social optimality in a general equilibrium model.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The impossibility theorem, also known as Arrow's impossibility theorem, states that it is impossible to design a social choice rule that satisfies certain desirable properties, such as Pareto efficiency, individual sovereignty, and non-dictatorship.

What is the Bergson-Samuelson social welfare function?

  1. A social welfare function that is defined as the sum of individual utilities.

  2. A social welfare function that is defined as the product of individual utilities.

  3. A social welfare function that is defined as the maximum of individual utilities.

  4. A social welfare function that is defined as the minimum of individual utilities.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Bergson-Samuelson social welfare function is a social welfare function that is defined as the sum of individual utilities, meaning that the social welfare is maximized when the sum of individual utilities is maximized.

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