Titration with potassium permanganate is a widely used method for determining the DO content in water. It involves adding a known amount of potassium permanganate solution to a water sample and observing the color change. The amount of potassium permanganate consumed is directly proportional to the DO concentration.

Measuring the pH of water is crucial for determining its acidity or basicity. pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in water, and it ranges from 0 to 14. A pH value below 7 indicates acidic water, while a pH value above 7 indicates basic or alkaline water.

The presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water is a strong indicator of fecal contamination. E. coli is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, and its presence in water suggests that the water has been contaminated with fecal matter.

Water treatment is the general term used to describe the process of removing impurities and contaminants from water. It involves various physical, chemical, and biological processes to improve the quality of water and make it suitable for drinking, industrial, or agricultural purposes.

Filtration is a widely used method for removing suspended solids from water. It involves passing water through a porous material, such as sand, gravel, or activated carbon, which traps the suspended particles and allows the clean water to pass through.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the maximum allowable concentration of lead in drinking water is 10 µg/L (micrograms per liter). Lead is a toxic metal that can cause various health problems, including brain damage, kidney damage, and reproductive problems.

Chlorination is a widely used method for disinfecting water. It involves adding chlorine or chlorine-based compounds to water to kill harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

Desalination is the process of removing dissolved solids from water. It is commonly used to convert seawater into freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. Desalination can be achieved through various methods, including reverse osmosis, distillation, and electrodialysis.

Nephelometry is a common method for measuring the turbidity of water. It involves measuring the amount of light scattered by suspended particles in water. The higher the turbidity, the more light is scattered, and the higher the nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) value.

Activated carbon adsorption is a common method for removing organic matter from water. It involves passing water through activated carbon, which is a highly porous material that adsorbs organic compounds onto its surface.

Gravimetric analysis is a common method for measuring the concentration of dissolved solids in water. It involves evaporating a known volume of water and weighing the residue left behind. The weight of the residue is directly proportional to the concentration of dissolved solids.

Ion exchange is a common method for removing heavy metals from water. It involves passing water through a resin that contains ions that can exchange with the heavy metal ions in the water. The heavy metal ions are removed from the water and replaced with the ions from the resin.

Titration with potassium permanganate is a common method for measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water. It involves adding a known amount of potassium permanganate solution to a water sample and observing the color change. The amount of potassium permanganate consumed is directly proportional to the DO concentration.

Water treatment is the general term used to describe the process of removing impurities and contaminants from water. It involves various physical, chemical, and biological processes to improve the quality of water and make it suitable for drinking, industrial, or agricultural purposes.

Filtration is a widely used method for removing suspended solids from water. It involves passing water through a porous material, such as sand, gravel, or activated carbon, which traps the suspended particles and allows the clean water to pass through.