Adoption is the legal process of permanently transferring parental rights and responsibilities from one person or couple to another person or couple.

Kinship adoption involves a child being placed with a family member, such as a grandparent, aunt, or uncle.

In a closed adoption, there is no contact between the birth parents and the adoptive parents.

A surrogacy contract is the legal agreement between a surrogate mother and the intended parents that outlines the terms and conditions of the surrogacy arrangement.

Traditional surrogacy involves the surrogate mother using her own eggs to conceive the child.

In gestational surrogacy, the eggs that are fertilized with the intended father's sperm are provided by the intended mother or a donor.

Termination of parental rights is the legal process of terminating parental rights, allowing the child to be adopted by another family.

International adoption involves a child being placed with a family in a different country.

In most jurisdictions, the child born through surrogacy is considered the legal child of the intended parents.

When a surrogate mother changes her mind about giving up the child after birth, ethical considerations arise regarding the rights of the intended parents, the rights of the surrogate mother, and the rights of the child.

The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex adoption in 1998.

Guardianship is the legal process of allowing a child to live with and be supported by a person who is not their legal parent.

Domestic adoption involves a child being placed with a family that is not related to the child.

In jurisdictions where surrogacy is illegal, the legal status of a child born through surrogacy is determined by the specific laws of the jurisdiction.

When a surrogate mother is paid for her services, ethical considerations arise regarding the exploitation of women, the commodification of children, and the rights of the intended parents.