Anatta, or 'no-self,' is a fundamental Buddhist teaching that challenges the idea of a permanent, unchanging self. This concept is often contrasted with the Western philosophical tradition's emphasis on the individual self.

The Four Noble Truths, a core teaching in Buddhism, identify the root cause of suffering and outline the path to its cessation. The ultimate goal is to eliminate suffering and attain liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

Dependent Origination, also known as Pratītyasamutpāda, is a fundamental Buddhist principle that asserts that all phenomena arise and exist in dependence on other phenomena. It highlights the interconnectedness and impermanence of all things.

Śūnyatā, or emptiness, is a central concept in Buddhist philosophy that challenges the notion of inherent existence. It asserts that all phenomena are empty of any fixed or independent essence, thereby negating the idea of a substantial self or an objective world.

Buddhist philosophy often emphasizes the limitations of human perception and understanding, suggesting that the ultimate nature of reality is beyond the grasp of conceptual thought. This contrasts with some Western philosophical traditions that seek to define and explain the fundamental constituents of reality.

Buddhist ethics places a strong emphasis on compassion, non-harming, and the cultivation of positive qualities such as loving-kindness and generosity. While it shares some similarities with Western ethical theories, it is distinct in its focus on the interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of liberation from suffering.

Vipassana, a form of insight meditation, is a core practice in Theravada Buddhism. It involves cultivating mindfulness and observing the impermanence and interconnectedness of all phenomena. Vipassana has gained popularity in the West and is often compared to mindfulness-based practices.

Karma, in Buddhism, is a fundamental principle that states that every action, whether physical, verbal, or mental, has corresponding consequences. It is not simply a matter of reward or punishment, but rather a natural law of cause and effect that governs the cycle of rebirth.

Madhyamaka, founded by Nagarjuna, is a prominent Buddhist philosophical school that emphasizes the Middle Way. It seeks to avoid extremes and dualistic thinking, asserting that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence and that ultimate reality transcends conceptualization.

Anicca, or impermanence, is a fundamental Buddhist teaching that asserts that all phenomena are subject to change and decay. It highlights the transient and dynamic nature of reality, contrasting with some Western philosophical perspectives that emphasize the stability and permanence of certain entities or principles.

Buddhist philosophy often views mind and matter as interconnected and interdependent, rather than as separate and distinct entities. This perspective challenges the traditional Western dichotomy between mind and body, suggesting a more holistic understanding of reality.

Dependent origination, a core Buddhist principle, asserts that all phenomena arise and exist in dependence on other phenomena. It highlights the interconnectedness and impermanence of all things, challenging Western philosophical notions of linear causality and the separation of cause and effect.

Madhyamaka, founded by Nagarjuna, is a prominent Buddhist philosophical school that emphasizes the doctrine of 'emptiness' (Śūnyatā). It asserts that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence and that ultimate reality transcends conceptualization.

Anatta, or 'no-self,' is a fundamental Buddhist teaching that challenges the idea of a permanent, unchanging self. It asserts that the self is an illusion, a collection of changing mental and physical phenomena, and that ultimate liberation lies in the realization of this truth.

Vipassana, a form of insight meditation, is a core practice in Theravada Buddhism. It involves cultivating mindfulness and observing the impermanence and interconnectedness of all phenomena. Vipassana has gained popularity in the West and is often compared to mindfulness-based practices.