Qawwali music is a devotional form of music that is used to convey religious messages and express spiritual devotion.

Qawwali music is characterized by the use of call-and-response vocals, where the lead singer sings a line or phrase and the chorus responds with the same or a similar line or phrase.

The traditional instrumentation used in Qawwali music includes the tabla (a pair of hand drums), the dholak (a cylindrical drum), and the harmonium (a keyboard instrument).

Hindustani Qawwali is a prominent style of Qawwali music that originated in the northern regions of India and Pakistan.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is widely regarded as one of the greatest Qawwali singers of all time, known for his powerful vocals and innovative approach to the genre.

The chorus in Qawwali music plays a crucial role in providing backing vocals, harmonizing with the lead singer, and creating a rich and immersive soundscape.

Qawwali music is primarily focused on religious devotion and the expression of spiritual love and longing for the divine.

Qawwali music is typically performed in a circular formation, with the musicians and singers seated in a circle and facing each other.

Hand gestures and body movements in Qawwali music are used to convey emotions, messages, and spiritual experiences, adding depth and expressiveness to the performance.

Qawwali music has evolved over time by incorporating elements from other musical genres, such as Western classical music, rock, and pop, resulting in a more diverse and eclectic sound.

Qawwali music faces several challenges in the modern era, including lack of appreciation for traditional music, competition from other musical genres, and lack of support from the government.

Qawwali music can be preserved and promoted in the future by teaching it in schools, organizing Qawwali music festivals, and supporting Qawwali musicians financially.

Qawwali music holds significant cultural heritage value as it represents a unique and rich musical tradition, promotes cultural diversity and understanding, and connects people from different backgrounds.

Qawwali music can be used as a tool for social change by raising awareness about social issues, promoting peace and harmony, and encouraging dialogue and understanding.

Arif Lohar, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, and Abida Parveen are among the contemporary Qawwali singers who are pushing the boundaries of the genre by incorporating new elements and styles into their music.