Solar energy is derived from the sun's rays, which consist of electromagnetic radiation.

The visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum carries the majority of solar energy.

The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials generate an electrical current when exposed to light.

Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor material in solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

The efficiency of solar panels varies depending on factors such as technology, materials, and manufacturing processes.

Solar energy does not produce greenhouse gases or other pollutants during electricity generation.

China has the largest installed solar capacity and is the leading producer of solar energy worldwide.

The photovoltaic effect allows solar panels to generate electricity even in low-light conditions, although the amount of electricity produced will be lower.

Solar energy is intermittent, meaning it is not always available due to factors such as weather conditions and time of day.

Batteries are the most widely used technology for storing solar energy, allowing it to be used when the sun is not shining.

Solar thermal technology uses concentrated sunlight to generate heat, which is then used to produce electricity.

Solar irradiance is the amount of solar energy per unit area that reaches the Earth's surface.

Solar thermal technology can be used to heat water or air using sunlight.

Albedo is the fraction of solar energy reflected back into space by the Earth's atmosphere and surface.

The sunspot cycle is the variation in the sun's energy output over an 11-year cycle, characterized by periods of high and low solar activity.