Spherical aberration arises due to the variation in the angle of incidence of light rays striking the lens at different distances from the optical axis. This results in different focal points for rays passing through different parts of the lens, leading to a blurred image.

Chromatic aberration occurs when light of different wavelengths (colors) is focused at different points along the optical axis. This results in a loss of sharpness and the appearance of colored fringes around the edges of objects in the image.

Coma aberration causes point sources of light to appear as elongated streaks or comet-like shapes. This is due to the asymmetrical distribution of light rays around the optical axis, resulting in a distorted image.

Astigmatism is a lens aberration that arises due to the different curvatures of the lens in different meridians. This results in the inability of the lens to focus light rays from all points of an object at a single point, leading to blurred vision at different distances.

Field curvature aberration occurs when the image plane is not flat, resulting in a curved focal plane. This causes objects at different distances from the lens to be focused at different points along the curved plane, leading to a loss of sharpness in the image.

Distortion is a lens aberration that causes straight lines in an object to appear curved or distorted in the image. This is due to the variation in magnification across the image plane, resulting in a non-uniform representation of the object.

Vignetting occurs when the lens diaphragm restricts the amount of light reaching the edges of the image plane. This results in a gradual darkening of the image towards the corners, creating a vignette effect.

Flare is a lens aberration that occurs when stray light enters the lens and is scattered within the lens elements. This results in the appearance of multiple images of a single object, often accompanied by a loss of contrast and image quality.

Ghosting occurs when light rays within the lens undergo multiple reflections between the lens elements. This results in the appearance of faint, secondary images of bright objects in the image, often accompanied by a loss of contrast and image quality.

Diffusion is a lens aberration that occurs when light rays are scattered within the lens material, resulting in a loss of sharpness and detail in the image. This can be caused by factors such as poor lens quality, dirt or scratches on the lens surface, or atmospheric conditions.

Blooming occurs when light rays within the lens undergo multiple reflections between the lens elements and the lens coatings. This results in the appearance of a hazy or milky glow around bright objects in the image, often accompanied by a loss of contrast and image quality.

Flare is a lens aberration that occurs when stray light enters the lens and is scattered within the lens elements. This results in the appearance of a hazy or milky glow around bright objects in the image, often accompanied by a loss of contrast and image quality.

Chromatic aberration occurs when light of different wavelengths (colors) is focused at different points along the optical axis. This is due to the variation in the refractive index of the lens material for different wavelengths, resulting in a loss of sharpness and the appearance of colored fringes around the edges of objects in the image.

Chromatic aberration occurs when light of different wavelengths (colors) is focused at different points along the optical axis. This results in a loss of sharpness and the appearance of colored fringes around the edges of objects in the image.

Distortion occurs when the image plane is not flat, resulting in a curved focal plane. This causes objects at different distances from the lens to be focused at different points along the curved plane, leading to a loss of sharpness in the image.