Synapses are specialized junctions that allow neurons to communicate with each other by transmitting electrical or chemical signals.

Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain and is responsible for the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission.

Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron through a process called exocytosis, in which vesicles containing neurotransmitters fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft.

Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic neuron and bind to neurotransmitters, triggering a response in the postsynaptic neuron.

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and is responsible for reducing the excitability of neurons.

The synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received.

Ion channels are located on the postsynaptic neuron and allow ions to flow across the synaptic cleft, generating an electrical signal in the postsynaptic neuron.

Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft through a process called reuptake, in which they are taken back up into the presynaptic neuron or glial cells.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in reward and motivation, as well as motor control and attention.

Presynaptic vesicles are located in the presynaptic neuron and store neurotransmitters until they are released into the synaptic cleft.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite.

Glial cells, such as astrocytes, help to remove neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft, thereby regulating synaptic transmission.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in learning and memory, as well as muscle contraction and arousal.

The electrical signal that is generated in the postsynaptic neuron in response to neurotransmitter binding is called a synaptic potential.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in attention, focus, and arousal.