Albert Bandura

B.F. Skinner

Sigmund Freud

Carl Rogers

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Observational Learning

Reinforcement

Self-Efficacy

Self-Concept

Locus of Control

Self-Esteem

Observational Learning

Imitation

Reinforcement

Modeling

Modeling

Observational Learning

Self-Efficacy

Vicarious Learning

A child learning to ride a bike by watching their parent

A dog learning to sit by receiving treats

A rat learning to press a lever for food

A pigeon learning to peck a key for water

It directly determines the likelihood of engaging in a behavior.

It influences the choice of goals and the effort put into achieving them.

It affects the interpretation of environmental cues and challenges.

All of the above

A student with high self-efficacy in math is more likely to attempt challenging math problems.

A salesperson with low self-efficacy in public speaking is less likely to initiate conversations with potential clients.

An athlete with high self-efficacy in their sport is more likely to persist despite setbacks.

All of the above

Through observational learning and imitation of gender-specific behaviors.

Through reinforcement of gender-conforming behaviors and punishment of gender-nonconforming behaviors.

Through biological factors that predispose individuals to certain gender roles.

A combination of all of the above

Using role models to encourage physical activity in children.

Providing social support and encouragement for smoking cessation.

Teaching coping skills to manage stress and anxiety.

All of the above

Social support can provide encouragement and motivation to engage in desired behaviors.

Social support can help individuals develop and maintain self-efficacy for behavior change.

Social support can provide opportunities for observational learning and imitation of healthy behaviors.

All of the above

Using peer tutoring to promote academic achievement.

Providing students with role models and mentors to encourage positive behaviors.

Teaching students self-regulation strategies to manage their learning.

All of the above

Through observational learning and imitation of aggressive behaviors.

Through reinforcement of aggressive behaviors and punishment of prosocial behaviors.

Through biological factors that predispose individuals to aggression.

A combination of all of the above

Teaching children prosocial behaviors and conflict resolution skills.

Providing social support and encouragement for positive behaviors.

Using role models to demonstrate non-aggressive behaviors.

All of the above

Media can provide opportunities for observational learning and imitation of behaviors and attitudes.

Media can influence self-efficacy and perceptions of social norms.

Media can shape beliefs and values about various aspects of life.

All of the above