The primary objective of excavation in archaeology is to discover and document ancient artifacts that can provide insights into past cultures and civilizations.

Trenching is an excavation technique that involves removing soil in thin layers to expose underlying features, such as building foundations, hearths, and pits.

Documentation is the process of recording the location and characteristics of artifacts and features during excavation. This includes taking photographs, making drawings, and writing detailed descriptions.

Excavation is the process of removing soil from an excavation site in order to expose underlying features and artifacts.

Hydraulic excavation is an excavation technique that involves using water to remove soil from a site. This technique is often used in areas with soft or waterlogged soil.

Backfilling is the process of filling an excavation site with soil or other materials after excavation is complete. This is done to protect the site from erosion and to restore the natural landscape.

Paleoecology is the study of past environments through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the types of plants and animals that lived in an area, as well as the climate and landscape.

Archaeology is the study of human behavior through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the material remains of past cultures, such as artifacts, buildings, and settlements.

Archaeotechnology is the study of ancient technologies through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the tools, weapons, and other objects that were used by past cultures.

Archaeological art history is the study of ancient art and artifacts through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the styles, techniques, and meanings of ancient art.

Archaeological architecture is the study of ancient architecture through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the design, construction, and function of ancient buildings.

Settlement archaeology is the study of ancient settlements through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the layout, size, and function of ancient settlements.

Mortuary archaeology is the study of ancient burials and mortuary practices through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the types of burials, the grave goods that were included, and the rituals that were performed.

Economic archaeology is the study of ancient trade and exchange through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the types of goods that were traded, the routes that were used, and the economic systems that were in place.

Agricultural archaeology is the study of ancient agriculture and food production through the analysis of archaeological remains. This includes studying the types of crops that were grown, the methods that were used to cultivate them, and the role that agriculture played in ancient societies.