Medieval castles were primarily built for defense, as they were often under threat of attack from rival lords or invading armies.

Drawbridges were used to control access to the castle and could be raised or lowered to prevent unwanted entry.

Moats were dug around castles to create a physical obstacle that attackers would have to cross, making it more difficult for them to reach the castle walls.

Turrets were small towers that projected from the castle walls and provided a vantage point for defenders to observe the surrounding area and spot approaching enemies.

Battlements were crenellated sections of the castle walls that allowed defenders to walk along the top and fire arrows or other projectiles at attackers.

Pantries were rooms in medieval castles that were used for storing food and supplies, such as grain, meat, and wine.

Portcullises were heavy iron gates that could be lowered to block the entrance to the castle, preventing attackers from entering.

Solars were private apartments in medieval castles that were used as living quarters for the lord and his family.

Barbicans were defensive structures built in front of the main gate of a castle to provide additional protection against attackers.

Great Halls were large rooms in medieval castles that were used for entertaining guests, holding feasts, and conducting official business.

Machicolations were openings in the floor of a castle wall or tower that allowed defenders to drop projectiles, such as rocks or boiling oil, on attackers below.

Scarps were steep slopes or embankments built around the base of castle walls to prevent attackers from undermining them.

Drawbridges were used to control access to the castle by allowing it to be raised or lowered, preventing unwanted entry.

Keeps were tall, fortified towers that served as a secure retreat for the lord and his family in case of attack.

Dungeons were underground rooms in medieval castles that were used to hold prisoners.