0

Meaning, definition and characteristics of leadership - class-XII

Description: meaning, definition and characteristics of leadership
Number of Questions: 73
Created by:
Tags: business organisation functions and qualities of a manager leadership functions of management organisation of commerce and management directing management of business commerce business studies
Attempted 0/73 Correct 0 Score 0

A leader uses the following methods.
i) Uses criticism
ii) Encourages growth
iii) Sets objectives
iv) Gives orders and directions
Which of these methods are used by a democratic leader?

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (i), (ii) and (iii)


Correct Option: D

Which type of leadership is characterized by centralisation of authority?

  1. Autocratic style

  2. Democratic style

  3. Laissez-faire style

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Autocratic style - High emphasis on performance and a low emphasis on people. Assumes that people are lazy, irresponsible, and untrustworthy and that planning, organizing, controlling, and decision making should be accomplished by the leader with minimal involvement of employees. Relies on authority, control, power, manipulation and hard work to get the job done. In Autocratic style of leadership the leader centralizes his authority and keeps decision making with himself and very limited participation by subordinates of the group. 

The conclusion arrived at by the University of Michigan researchers strongly favoured __________.

  1. humanistic leaders.

  2. employee-oriented leaders.

  3. production-oriented leaders.

  4. technical-oriented leaders.


Correct Option: B

"Leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a specialised goal". This definition of leadership is given by ________.

  1. Koontz and 0' Donnell

  2. Henry fayol

  3. George R. Terry

  4. Henry Mintzberg


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
According to Koontz and O' Donnell, "Leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a specialised goal".

___________ is the ability to perform the given job.

  1. Communication skill

  2. Technical skill

  3. Interpersonal skill

  4. Administrative skill


Correct Option: B

Certain closely related studies for analyzing leadership style were made at _______ in the mid forties which identified two dimension of leadership styles:'consideration' and 'initiating structure'.

  1. University of Michigan

  2. Ohio State University

  3. Oxford university

  4. Lundon university


Correct Option: B

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (9, 1) grid style of leadership also known as _________.

  1. autocratic-task oriented

  2. country club management

  3. impoverished management

  4. team management


Correct Option: A

As per Blake and Jane mouton (1, 1) grid style of leadership also also known as ___________.

  1. autocratic- task oriented

  2. country club management

  3. impoverished management

  4. team management


Correct Option: C

One contingency model of leadership is the path-goal theory.This suggest that an individual's motivation is dependent on __________.

  1. whether path-goal relationship are clarified

  2. their effective performance

  3. the necessary direction, guiding, training and sopport being provided

  4. expectations that increased effort to achieve an improved level of performance will be successful


Correct Option: D

AS per Blake and Jane Mouton (1, 9) grid style of leadership also known as ___________.

  1. middle of the road management

  2. autocratic task

  3. team management

  4. country club management


Correct Option: D

Since leading people involves interpersonal relationships between the leadership and the followers,leader should always try to improve his attitude towards the led to become effective.

  1. True

  2. Partly true

  3. False

  4. None of above


Correct Option: A

Approaches to the study of leadership which emphasis the personality of the leader are termed as _______.

  1. inspirational theoris

  2. trait theoris

  3. group theoris

  4. contingency theoris


Correct Option: B

AS per Blake and Jane Mouton (5, 5) grid style of leadership also known as _______.

  1. country club management

  2. middle of the road management

  3. impoverished management

  4. team management


Correct Option: B

The and Moutan Leadership (or managerial) Grid uses two key dimension in relation to management style; concern for_______ and concern for ________.

  1. people, target

  2. production, co-operation

  3. people, production

  4. production, teamwork


Correct Option: C

The terms "employee-centered" and "production-centered" to describe leader behaviour were used by _______.

  1. Fiedler

  2. McGregor

  3. Blake and McCanse

  4. Likert


Correct Option: D

Who was the founder of planned Parenthood Federation of America?

  1. Jhon Muir

  2. Margaret Sanger

  3. Jean Monnet

  4. Abraham Lankan


Correct Option: B

John Muir  -  
1. was Naturalist & conservationist
2.establishment National park System
3.helped to found Sierra Club.
Select the correct answer from the option given below -

  1. 2 only

  2. 1 and 2 only

  3. 3 only

  4. 1, 2 & 3


Correct Option: D

Florence Nightingale _____________________.

  1. establishment National Park system

  2. led to family planning movement efforts around the world

  3. establishment school for nurses and fought for improvement of hospital conditions

  4. all of above


Correct Option: B

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation now ________________.

  1. Issues loan goarantees

  2. Issues direct funds

  3. Leverage the position

  4. Acts as financial vehicle


Correct Option: A

Kets de Vries (1996) identified that most successful leaders perform two roles. What are these roles?

  1. Charismatic and architectural

  2. Tough and supportive

  3. Directive and mentoring

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

If your boss asks you to hurry up and finish your work but also decreases your pay for your mistakes, you would experience _________.

  1. intersender conflict

  2. intrasender conflict

  3. interrole conflict

  4. person-role conflict


Correct Option: B

A charismatic leadership has which of the following characteristics?

  1. Builds a strong and distinctive image for the organisation

  2. Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience

  3. Employs a clear chain of command

  4. Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff


Correct Option: A

Which of the following describes a person who has extensive social skill (an emotional intelligence competency)?

  1. Humorous and politically astute

  2. Comfortable with ambiguity and level-headed

  3. Persistent and knowledgeable about his or her own weaknesses and strengths

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Which among the following is an example of "The Follower Theory"?

  1. Effective Leader

  2. Character of Leader

  3. Leader Is a leader

  4. Personality


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Effective Leader is an example of "The Follower Theory". Followers Theory of Leadership also known as acceptance theory of leadership. The followers must accept the decisions of their leader and leadership.  According to this leader-follower theory followers may from groups and the followers’ groups naturally have their own characteristics and needs.

What does LMX in LMX Theory stands for?

  1. Leader-member exchange theory

  2. Leader-motivation exchange theory

  3. Leader-member existence theory

  4. None of those


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

LMX in LMX Theory stands for Leader-member exchange theory. The leader-member exchange theory can be defined as a relationship-based approach to leadership which mainly focuses on the two-way relationship between leaders and members.

Which of the following is/are advantage of group decision making?

  1. It is observed that group decisions help members evade their individual responsibilities

  2. It is costly as well as a time-consuming affair

  3. It provides opportunity for participation by individual representing different interests

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

Which of the following best expresses the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?

  1. Made by managers who prefer a thinking or technocratic style; made by managers who use judgement and follow intuition

  2. Have computer routines developed for them; are not computerized

  3. Handled with decision rules; decision rules cannot be developed

  4. Occur under certainly or risk; occur under uncertainty or ambiguity


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is/are advantage of group decision making?

  1. Co-ordination of departmental activities through meetings of their respective head is not possible

  2. It improves quality of the decision since different view points and opinions are reflected in it

  3. More often differences in opinion and compromises lead to indecision

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is/are disadvantage of group decision making?

  1. It improves quality of the decision since different viewpoints and opinions are reflected in it

  2. Co-ordination of departmental activities through meetings of their respective heads become easier

  3. It is also observed that group decisions help members evade their individual responsibilities

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is not example of group decision making?

  1. Decision of board meetings

  2. Decision of staff meetings

  3. Decision of managing director

  4. Decision of commitees


Correct Option: C

Identify correct steps in decision making.
I. Identifying the real problem
II. Discovery of alternatives
III. Analysis of available alternatives
IV. Selection of alternatives
V. Communication of decision
Select the correct answer from the options given.

  1. II, IV, I, III, V

  2. III, I, II, IV, V

  3. I, III, II, IV, V

  4. I, II, III, IV, V


Correct Option: D

Managerial Grid suggests which of the following as the best leader behavior?

  1. High structure and high consideration

  2. Low structure and low consideration

  3. High concern both for production and people

  4. Low concern both for production and people


Correct Option: C

If trait research had been successful, we would _______ whereas if behavioral studies were correct, we would _______.

  1. only hire women: hire either men or women

  2. teach people managerial principles: teach people certain behaviours

  3. change job to suit people: change people to suit jobs

  4. select the right person for the job: train leaders


Correct Option: D

The two dimensions of leadership behaviour identified in the University of Michigan studies are __________.

  1. consideration and influence

  2. employee-oriented and production-oriented

  3. initiating structure and consideration

  4. structured coercion and respect initiation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A series of studies on leadership were done in Michigan University, starting in the 1950s. Under the general direction of Rensis Likert, the focus of the Michigan studies was to determine the principles and methods of leadership that led to productivity and job satisfaction. Two types of leadership behaviours were identified:
1.Employee orientation (stress the human-relations aspect, employees are viewed as human beings with personal needs)
2.Production orientation (stress on the technical and production aspects of the job, employees viewed as the means of getting the work done).
Leaders with an employee orientation showed genuine concern for interpersonal relations. Those with a production orientation focused on the task or technical aspects of the job.

___________ is concerned with the persons, or organizational groups making the decision, or with the analysis of the decision making process.

  1. Empirical Approach

  2. Group Behaviour Approach

  3. Interpersonal Behaviour Approach

  4. Decision Theory Approach


Correct Option: D

Which of the following type of skill involves the ability to visualize the organisation as a whole? 

  1. Conceptual skills

  2. Technical skills

  3. Interpersonal skills

  4. Administrative skills


Correct Option: A

Managers are leaders because they have the ___________ to direct,motive and lead people.

  1. informal authority

  2. formal responsibility

  3. formal authority

  4. informal responsibility


Correct Option: C

The studies conducted at__________ revealed two kinds of style viz., production centered and employee-centered, which are similar to 'initiating structure' and 'consideration' leadership styles as researched by Ohio state university studies .  

  1. University of michigan

  2. Oxford university

  3. London university

  4. Delhi university


Correct Option: A

One of the most widely known approaches to dramatizing leadership style is the managerial grid, developed during the sixties by __________.

  1. Robert Mouton & Jane Blake

  2. Robert Blake & Jane Mouton

  3. Robert Marshall & Jane bold

  4. Lewin, Lippitt and white


Correct Option: B

According to the Ohio state studies, the extent to which a leader share mutual trust and respect for his/her employees is referred to as.

  1. Consideration

  2. Employ-oriented behaviour

  3. Concern for production

  4. Task-oriented behaviour


Correct Option: A

It is UNCOMMON to appoint a person as a managing director _________________.

  1. If he is of unsound mind

  2. He has been convicted by count

  3. He is not an insolvent

  4. Both a & b


Correct Option: D

Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics?

  1. Builds a strong and distinctive image for the organisation

  2. Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience

  3. Employs a clear chain of command

  4. Seeks to involve staff in the decision-making process.


Correct Option: C

Research in the styles of leadership preferred by different generations was completed by Arsenault. What was the style of leadership that Generation X was found to prefer?

  1. Participative

  2. Authoritarian

  3. Directive

  4. Egalitarian


Correct Option: D

What is post-heroic leadership theory?

  1. A theory which states that there is too much emphasis on leaders and more attention should be placed on followers

  2. A theory looking beyond current leadership styles to new, more creative ways of leading

  3. A theory which tries to create new organisations which do not need leaders

  4. A theory which tries to find the ideal form of leadership


Correct Option: A

The Ohio State leadership theory _____.

  1. combines a focus on the task and the employee

  2. inspires workers to aim higher and achieve more

  3. focuses on the task and getting things done

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

An effective vision is always  ________.

  1. iInnovative and awe-inspiring

  2. complex and multifaceted

  3. realistic and compelling

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C

A transactional leader is one who _________.

  1. inspires people and has strong interactions with them

  2. does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants

  3. is the ideal form of leadership

  4. works for long-term goals of the organisation


Correct Option: B

Transactional leadership has which of the following characteristics?

  1. Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff

  2. Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience

  3. Employs a clear chain of command

  4. Seeks to involve staff in the decision-making process


Correct Option: A

In leadership trait theory, what is a trait?

  1. The list of key behaviour a leader exhibits

  2. A list of the key things that a leader should do to be great

  3. A list of key characteristics that makes a leader great

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Choosing a job hierarchy and justifying reporting relationships is a key component of _________.

  1. leadership

  2. management

  3. negotiation

  4. motivation


Correct Option: B

Leader-Member Exchange Theory isalso called _________.

  1. Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory

  2. Fiedler Model

  3. Managerial Grid

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

MBO Stands for___________.

  1. Management By Objectives

  2. Management By Observation

  3. Management By Ownership

  4. Management By Operations


Correct Option: A

Everyone is potential candidate for burnout, but who is the most likely candidate to face this serious problem?

  1. Over achiever

  2. Over looser

  3. Who fails to achieve goal

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

The belief that all conflict is harmful and must be avoided is a  _______.

  1. traditional view

  2. human relation view

  3. interactionist view

  4. functional view


Correct Option: A

The belief that conflict is not only a positive force in a group but that it is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively is a ______. 

  1. traditional view

  2. human relation view

  3. interactionist view

  4. functional view


Correct Option: C

The desire to withdraw or suppress a conflict is ______.

  1. process conflict

  2. avoiding

  3. dysfunctional conflict

  4. functional conflict


Correct Option: B

_____________ of job design scientifically analyses workers tasks to discover those procedures that produce the maximum output with the minimum input of energy and resources.

  1. Socio-technical systems

  2. Engineering Approach

  3. Job characteristic Approach

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Certainly, risk and uncertainty are the three possible conditions of _______________.

  1. risk management

  2. decision making

  3. planning

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Decision making includes taking correct course of actions which help in getting desired results and choosing of the best alternatives. The three possible conditions of decision making includes certainty, uncertainty and risks which influence the extend of decision making.

Equity theory of motivation focuses on____________.

  1. The motivational force involved in a person's actions at work

  2. People's expectation of the different out comes for a given action

  3. People's perception of how they should perform in a given situation at work

  4. The fact that people are influenced by the expected results of their actions.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Equity theory focuses on determining whether the distribution of resources is fair to both relational partners. Equity is measured by comparing the ratio of contributions and benefits for each person.

Managers should also use their directional devices of______to develop acceptance to change.

  1. Leadership

  2. Leadership & motivations

  3. Leadership motivations and communication

  4. None of above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Motivation plays a critical role in employee productivity, quality and speed of work.Leaders are typically held accountable to motivate their team, which is quite challenging. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation occurs when people are motivated to perform a behavior or activity because it is personally rewarding

In which style of leadership there is centralization of authority and decission making and very limited paricipation by subordinates?

  1. Free rain style

  2. Autocratic style

  3. Democratic style

  4. Laissez-faire


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers.

In the Pyramid levels of management, non managerial staff is placed at _________.

  1. top

  2. middle

  3. bottom

  4. non of the given option


Correct Option: C

A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?

  1. Help subordinates with personal problems.

  2. Have concern for subordinates status and satisfaction.

  3. Treat all subordinates as equal.

  4. Assign group members to particular tasks.


Correct Option: D

The two dimensions of leader behaviour explained in the Ohio State studies are __________.

  1. coercion and motivation.

  2. motivation and charisma.

  3. employee-oriented and production-oriented.

  4. initiating structure and consideration.


Correct Option: D

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader is likely to have job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for his/her employees is __________.

  1. consideration.

  2. task-oriented.

  3. initiating structure.

  4. concern for production.


Correct Option: A

If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his/her group's tasks, the University of Michigan studies label this leader as ________.

  1. single-minded.

  2. employee-oriented.

  3. goal-oriented.

  4. production-oriented.


Correct Option: D

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader's behaviour is directed toward getting the job done is called ________.

  1. consideration.

  2. initiating structure.

  3. employee-oriented.

  4. contingency theory.


Correct Option: B
- Hide questions