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Greenhouse effect - class-XII

Description: greenhouse effect
Number of Questions: 66
Created by:
Tags: biology human influences on ecosystems ecology global environmental change zoology environmental issues ecology and environment
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High concentration of greenhouse gases has resulted in maximum rise of atmospheric temperature in 

  1. Tropic region

  2. Middle latitude

  3. Polar region

  4. Temperate region


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Increases in the level of greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of earth leading to global warming. During the past century, the temperature of earth has increased by $ 0.6  $, most of it during the last three decades. Rise in temperature is slight in tropics, moderate in middle latitudes and maximum in polar regions. It will led to melting of polar ice caps as well as of other places like the Himalayan snow caps.
So, the correct answer is 'Polar region'.

If there is no greenhouse effect, then the average temperature at surface of earth would have been 

  1. $ 15 $

  2. $ -18 $

  3. $ -6 $

  4. $ 10 $


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Greenhouse gases like $ { CO } _{ 2 }, { CH }{ 4 } $ and $ { CFC } _{ s } $ are essential for keeping the earth warm and hospitable. They prevent a substantial part of long wave radiations emitted by earth to escape into space, but these gases radiate a part of this energy back to the earth. This phenomenon is called greenhouse effect. Because of green house effect, the mean annual temperature of earth is $ 15. $ In its absence, it will fall to $ -18. $
So, the correct answer is '$ -18. $'

Which of the following is correct regarding 'El Nino' effect?

  1. Temperature rise leads to odd climatic changes

  2. Cutting down the use of fossil fuels

  3. Planting more trees

  4. Slowing down the growth of human population


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The rise in temperature due to global warming is leading to deleterious changes in the environment and resulting in odd climatic changes like EL Nino effect. El Nino effect is the abnormal warming of surface ocean water. It affects the weather in large parts of the world. Moisture carrying capacity of air will increase. Pattern of air-mass movement will change. Precipitation will increase at higher latitudes both in summer and winter and in southern as well as Eastern Asia in summer. Frequency of droughts and floods  will increase. Threat to human health will increase in tropical and subtropical countries due to changed ranges of disease vectors and water borne pathogens.
So, the correct answer is 'Temperature rise leads to odd climatic changes'.

Denitrification is caused by

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Nitrobacter

  3. Nitrosomonas

  4. Azotobacter


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Denitrification is the process of degradation of fixed nitrogenous compounds to free nitrogen which is released back to the atmosphere. It is performed by several bacteria like Pseudomonas which utilize nitrate to form nitrite in a process called reduction. Nitrite is further reduced to nitric oxide then to nitrous oxide and then nitrogen gas. This process reduces the fertility and ultimately the agricultural productivity decreases.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Warm ocean surge of Peru current recurring every 5-8 years or so in the East Pacific of South America is widely known as.

  1. Gulf Stream

  2. Aye Aye

  3. El Nino

  4. Mangox


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

EI Nino describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical pacific ocean. This occurs when the normal trade winds weaken or get reverse which lets the warm water flow in the eastern Pacific instead towards the west. Thus it forms oscillation in the ocean-atmosphere.

So,the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following cause green house effect?
(i) Deforestation
(ii) Emission of gases from factories
(iii) Melting of polar ice

  1. Only (i) and (ii)

  2. Only (i) and (iii)

  3. Only (ii) and (ii)

  4. (i), (ii) and (iii)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Deforestation is removal, decrease or deterioration of forest cover of an area. It causes the change in climate, floods, soil erosion, siltation, cyclones, drought, desertification and increased level of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and CH$ _4$ that are also released from factories cause green house effect.

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

  1. $N _2O$

  2. CFC

  3. $O _3$

  4. $SO _2$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The gases which are transparent to solar radiation but retain and partially reflect back long wave heat radiations are called greenhouse gases. The various greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide. Other gases of minor significance are water vapour and ozone. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following is a green house gas?

  1. CO

  2. CO$ _2$

  3. H$ _2$

  4. N$ _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is normally a non-polluting gas and is required for the normal process of photosynthesis by green plants. However, higher atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide due to the high rate of emission from the vehicle and deforestation leads to heating of earth and global warming.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Increase of temperature due to scattering of energy is by ozone, CO$ _2$ and water vapour, is known as

  1. Radioactivity

  2. Ozone effect

  3. Solar reaction

  4. Greenhouse effect


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Global warming is the overheating of the earth due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gasses generally traps the radiations of the earth which leads to increase in the temperature of the earth and global warming. The greenhouse gasses includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. 

Checking of radiating heat by atmospheric dust, O$ _3$, CO$ _2$ and water vapours is

  1. Greenhouse effect

  2. Solar effect

  3. Ozone layer effect

  4. Radioactive effect


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concentration of oxides increases due to the high rate of emission from the vehicle and other human activities like deforestation. The oxides form a layer which traps solar radiation to escape the earth atmosphere which leads to global warming.

So, the correct answer is option A.

The term greenhouse effect was given by

  1. Fourier

  2. Tyndall

  3. Arrhenius

  4. Linnaeus


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, in 1896 gave the theory related to the effects of the combustion-released carbon dioxide. He depicted the relation between the concentration of the carbon dioxide and the increase in temperature due to it. The greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of the infra-red rays reflected by the earth’s surface by the gases present in the troposphere. It is a natural process and is responsible for maintaining the survivable temperature in earth. However, anthropogenic release of the greenhouse gases has caused the events of global warming. Hence, the correct answer is 'Svante Arrhenius'.

Increase in atmospheric temperature due to $CO _2$ is

  1. Pasteur effect

  2. Blackman effect

  3. Emerson effect

  4. Green-house effect


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Pasteur effect is the inhibition of fermentation or oxidation of glucose when the concentration of oxygen is increased.
B. Blackman effect describes the law of limiting factors according to which if a process is dependent on a number of factors then its rate is limited by the slowest factor.
C. Emerson effect is the increase in rate of photosynthesis when the light intensity is increased beyond 680 nm.
D. Green house effect is the increase in atmospheric temperature due to warming of earth's surface when the sun radiations are trapped in the earth. The radiations are trapped in earth because of green house gases like carbon dioxide.
So, the correct answer is 'Green-house effect'.

Green house effect is increase in temperature of earth due to

  1. High concentration of $NO _2$

  2. High concentration of $SO _2$

  3. High concentration of $CO _2$

  4. High concentration of CO


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The warming of earth's surface when sun radiations are absorbed and trapped in earth's atmosphere, is called greenhouse effect. The gases responsible for green house effect are called green house gases which trap the radiations and don't let them reflect back from the earth's surface. The green house gases are Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O). 
The approximate percentage of different greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is:
CFCs - 14%
CO2 - 60%
‎CH4 - 20%
N2O - 6%
Among all these gases, concentration of CO2 is highest. It is the main greenhouse gas.
So, the correct answer is 'High concentration of CO2'.

Why do scientists think that human-induced global warming will be more harmful to plants and animals than were past, natural climate fluctuations?

  1. because temperature will change faster

  2. because the temperature changes will be larger

  3. because species now are less adaptable than species in the past

  4. because ecosystems are now more complicated than they used to be


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Global warming is the increase in temperature of earth due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperature change due to global warming is faster than the temperature change due to natural climate fluctuations. This has resulted in melting of ice glaciers which will lead to rising in sea level and also the amount of freshwater will decline. Abnormal increase in temperature due to global warming has resulted in the extinction of many plant and animal species because of habitat loss and extreme climatic conditions.

So, the correct answer is 'because the temperature will change faster'.

Of the gases listed below, which is NOT believed to be responsible for enhancing the earth's greenhouse effect?

  1. Chlorofluorocarbons $(CFC _{s})$

  2. Molecular oxygen $(O _{2})$

  3. Nitrous oxide $(N _{2}O)$

  4. Carbon dioxide $(CO _{2})$


Correct Option: B

Without the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature would be:

  1. Higher than at present

  2. Lower than at present

  3. The same as it is now

  4. Much more variable than it is now


Correct Option: B

The atmospheric greenhouse effect is produced mainly by the:

  1. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by the atmosphere

  2. Absorption and re-emission of ultraviolet radiation by the atmosphere

  3. Absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere

  4. Absorption and re-emission of visible light by clouds


Correct Option: C

Which among the following planet / body shows anti-green house effect?

  1. Mars

  2. Venus

  3. Jupiter

  4. Titan


Correct Option: D

Checking re-radiation of heat reflected by earth by CH$ _4$, CO$ _2$, O$ _3$ and chlorofluorocarbons is called as

  1. Green house effect

  2. Bohr's effect

  3. Pasteur's effect

  4. Cosmozoic effect


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The burning of fuels in the atmosphere leads to the formation of poisonous oxides and dioxides which push up the temperature of the earth and contributes to global warming. Clouds and gases reflect about one-fourth of the incoming solar radiation, and absorb some of it but almost half of incoming solar radiation falls on earth's surface heating it, while a small proportion is reflected back. Earth's surface re-emits heat in the form of infrared radiation but part of this does not escape into space as atmospheric gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) absorb a major fraction of it. The molecules of these gases radiate heat energy, and a major part of which again comes to earth's surface, thus heating it up once again.The above-mentioned gases (carbon dioxide and methane) are commonly known as greenhouse gases because they are responsible for the greenhouse effect. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Which one of the following is the correct percentage of the two (out of the total of 4) green house gases that contribute to the total global warming?

  1. CFCs 14%, Methane 20%

  2. CFCs 20%, Methane 14%

  3. N$ _2$O 6%, CO$ _2$ 86%

  4. Methane 20%, N$ _2$O 18%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Greenhouse effect increases the temperature of the earth.The gases responsible for greenhouse traps the infrared radiations which lead to heating of the earth's surface. The primary greenhouse gases in earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The 

Composition of greenhouse gases are 
CO$ _2$- 56% 
CFCs -14%, 
Methane - 20% 
Nitrous Oxides - 8%, 
Water Vapours - 2%. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Green house effect means

  1. Increase in the temperature of earth due to high concentration of NO$ _2$

  2. Increase in the temperature of earth due to high concentration of SO$ _2$

  3. Increase in the temperature of earth due to high concentration of CO

  4. Increase in the temperature of earth due to high concentration of CO$ _2$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Greenhouse effect increases the temperature of the earth. The gases responsible for greenhouse traps the infrared radiations which lead to heating of the earth's surface. 

  • The primary greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Greenhouse effect is mainly due to 

  1. $SO _2$

  2. $CO _2$

  3. CO

  4. $O _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

When the solar radiation falls on earth surface heating it, a small proportion is reflected back. Earth's surface re-emits heat in the form of infrared radiation but part of this does not escape into space as atmospheric gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) absorb a major fraction of it is called as greenhouse effects. The molecules of these gases absorb solar energy and increase the earth's temperature and these gases are called as greenhouse gases. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Temperature variation in Pacific ocean in present time is called as

  1. Cyclone effect

  2. El Nino effect

  3. Green house effect

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Every few years unusually warm currents occur in the South Pacific Ocean of South America. This rise in temperature is due to a relaxation of the trade winds, that move the ocean waters throughout the globe. Without the trade winds, the surface waters rate of evaporation declines and heat loss slows. With the cooling of the South Pacific disrupted, unusually high temperatures occur along the coastal shores of Chile all the way up to Ecuador. El Nino is periodic increase in temperature, which fluctuates from a small increase in temperature. 

Maximum greenhouse gas is released by which country?

  1. India

  2. France

  3. USA

  4. Britain


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The countries that accounted for most greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 were - the United States led by emitting 19% of the world total, followed by China with 14%.

Maximum green house gas released by which of the following country?

  1. India

  2. France

  3. China

  4. Britain


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Greenhouse gasses generally traps the radiations of the earth which leads to increase in the temperature of the earth and global warming. The greenhouse gasses includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. According to the latest data, the top emitters by 'Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency' are China - 28.6%, USA - 16%, India - 5.8%, Russia - 5.4% and Japan - 3.7%. 

Which one of the following is the correct percentage of the two (out of the total of 4) greenhouse gases that contribute to the total global warming?

  1. $N _2 O$ 6%, $CO _2 $86%

  2. Methane 20%, $N _2O$ 18%

  3. $CFCs$ 14%, Methane 20%

  4. $CO _2$ 40%, $CFCs$ 30%


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere, is the gas that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. 

Composition of greenhouse gases are 
CO$ _2$ - 56% 
CFCs - 14%, 
Methane - 20% 
Nitrous Oxides - 8%, 
Water Vapours - 2%. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Which one of the following pair is mismatched?

  1. Nuclear power- radioactive wastes

  2. Solar energy- greehouse effect

  3. Fossil fuel burning- release of CO$ _2$

  4. Biomass burning- release of CO$ _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Nuclear power will generate lots of radioactive wastes which is harmful to the animals and plants.
Solar energy coming to the earth is not responsible for the greenhouse effect. It is the increase in greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere like CO$ _2$, methane and CFC which is released by complete combustion of fossil fuels or biomass in industries or transportation vehicles that prevent the re-radiation of infrared radiation from the earth and result in the increase in temperature of the earth.
The burning of fossil fuels and biomass releases carbon dioxide which thereby causes global warming. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

  1. $CH _4 $

  2. $N _2O$

  3. Water vapor

  4. $CO _2$

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming. The most significant greenhouse gases are water vapor ($H _2O$), carbon dioxide ($CO _2$), methane ($CH _4$) and nitrous oxide ($N _2O$), according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Which of the following set is green house gases?

  1. CFC, CH$ _4$, CO$ _2$, N$ _2$O

  2. CO$ _2$, CH$ _4$, N$ _2$,O$ _2$

  3. CO$ _2$, CH$ _4$, N$ _2$,O$ _3$

  4. CO$ _2$, CFC, N$ _2$,O$ _2$

  5. CO$ _2$, CFC, CH$ _4$, N$ _2$O, O$ _3$


Correct Option: E
Explanation:
  • Greenhouse gasses generally traps the radiations of the earth which leads to an increase in the temperature of the earth and global warming.
  • The greenhouse gasses include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

So, the correct answer is option E.

Which one of following pairs of gases is the major cause of greenhouse effect?

  1. $CO _2$ and $O _3$

  2. $CO _2$ and $CO$

  3. $CFC$ and $SO _2$

  4. $CO _2$ and $N _2O$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The major greenhouse gases responsible for greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and water vapour. These gases acts like a thick warm blanket outside that surrounds this planet and regulates climate control. Water vapour causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect on earth, carbon dioxide CO$ _2$, which causes 9-26%; methane, which causes 4-9%, and ozone, which causes 3-7%.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Warm ocean surge of Peru current recurring every 5-8 years or so in the East Pacific of South America is widely known as.

  1. Gulfstream

  2. Aye Aye

  3. El Nino

  4. Angox


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
El Nino is a climate cycle in the Pacific Ocean with a vast impact on global weather patterns. It begins when warm water in the western tropical Pacific Ocean shifts eastward along the equator toward the coast of South America more specifically Peru. This warm water pools near Indonesia and the Philippines. It recurs every 5-8 years. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The best solution to combat greenhouse effect is

  1. To use diesel vehicles

  2. To stop infra-red from entering the earth

  3. Afforestation and growing abundant plants

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon in which the greenhouse gases trap the heat in the Earth's atmosphere which results in an increase in the temperature. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases which is utilised by the green plants for the purpose of photosynthesis. This results in the reduction of the greenhouse gases and thereby, the global warming. So, the greenhouse effect can be reduced by growing new plants through the process of afforestation.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Greenhouse effect corresponds to 

  1. Water pollution

  2. Global warming

  3. $SO _2$ poisoning

  4. Production of green manure


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon in which the percentage of poisonous gas like sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc. increases which traps the heat in the Earth's atmosphere. The greenhouse gases are NO$ _2$, methane, CO$ _2$, water vapour and ozone. The increase in the heat in the Earth's atmosphere results in the global warming. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

World climate is threatened by increase in the concentration of

  1. Oxygen

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Water vapours

  4. Carbon dioxide


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Level of carbon dioxide is continuously increasing in the air due to its constant release by burning of fossil fuels in automobiles, industries etc. As a result, the temperature of the earth is on a constant rise. This has led to global warming and the greenhouse effect. The ozone layer is getting depleted causing harmful UV rays to reach the earth and cause serious ill effects. Apart from this, glaciers are constantly melting due to increase in temperature.

So, option D " Carbon dioxide" is the correct answer.

Which of the following is not a green house gas ?

  1. Methane

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Nitrous oxide

  4. Ammonia


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ammonia is not a green house gas. Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are all greenhouse gases. They contribute to the greenhouse effect. Ammonia has no effect on the green house effect. So, option D ammonia s the correct answer.

All of these will directly or indirectly reduce the contribution to greenhouse gases except 

  1. Encouraging the use of public transportation 

  2. Walking

  3. Biking

  4. Increasing the cost of car ownership and fuel costs

  5. Creating car-free zones


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Encouraging the use of public transport will reduce air pollution as this will lead to less use of cars and other personal transport vehicles. If many people instead of travelling by their personal transport vehicle, will use the public transport, then there will be less emission of green house gases.
B. Walking instead of using a vehicle for travelling can also reduce green house gases emission as no transport vehicle will be used and no harmful gases will be released.
C. Biking will contribute to air pollution as green house gases like carbon dioxide are released as the fuel is burnt in the engine of the bike.
D. Increasing the cost of car ownership and fuel costs will tend to decrease in use of less cars as people won't spend much money for this. So, this will also decrease the air pollution and the emission of green house gases.
E. Creating car free zones will make the people to avoid the use of cars and thus, this will also prevent the emission of green house gases.
Hence, all the options except biking, will directly or indirectly reduce the contribution to green house gases.
So, the correct answer is 'Biking'.

Which one of the following pairs in mismatched-

  1. Nuclear power radioactive wastes

  2. Solar energy green house effect

  3. Fossil fuel burning release of $CO _{2}$

  4. Biomass burning release of $CO _{2}$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Solar energy decreases greenhouse gas emissions. Generating electricity with solar power instead of fossil fuels can dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (C$O _2$). Greenhouse gases, which are produced when fossil fuels are burned, lead to rising global temperatures and climate change.

So, the correct answer is 'Solar energy green house effect'.

The reason for green-house effect is

  1. Higher $CO _2$ concentration causing global warming

  2. Absorption of infra-red rays by gases and dust particles

  3. Both A and B

  4. Rarefaction of $CO _2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A minor but very important component of atmospheric carbon dioxide is released through natural process viz., Respiration, volcanic eruption. Humanly induced activities as deforestation, burning fossils, land use changes are major causes for the release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation from the sun and trap some of the radiation. Excess of these gases can force climate change drastically.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Green house effect is increasing due to

  1. Increasing $CO _2$ concentration

  2. Increasing $SO _2$ concentration

  3. Increasing concentration of chlorofluorocarbons

  4. Hole in ozone layer


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is likely to increase the temperature as carbon dioxide permits the short wavelength visible radiations to pass through it but traps the longer wavelength infrared radiation reflected by earth's surface. This is called the greenhouse effect and it results in the overall increase in the global temperature, called global warming. Carbon dioxide contributes to the 81% of the greenhouse gases because it tends to persist in the atmosphere.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Increasing CO$ _{2}$ concentration'

Checking of re-radiation heat by atmospheric dust, $O _3, O _2$ and water vapours is

  1. Ozone layer effect

  2. Solar effect

  3. Radioactive effect

  4. Green house effect


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect can be defined as the trapping of radiations of the sun by the tropospheric gases and preventing these radiations from reflecting back to space. The tropospheric gases involved are atmospheric dust, Ozone, Carbon dioxide and water vapour. These gases are responsible for causing global warming.

A. Ozone layer effect occurs in stratosphere only because of ozone.
B. Solar effect is caused due to solar flares.
C. The radioactive effect is due to radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium.
D. The greenhouse effect is due to greenhouse gases.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Greenhouse effect.'

Green house effect is due to the accumulation of

  1. $O _3$ and depletion of $CO _2$

  2. $O _3$ and $CO _2$

  3. $CO _2$ and depletion of $O _3$

  4. Green plants


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide and ozone are called greenhouse gases due to their property of absorbing radiation and emitting heat, but the balanced effect depends upon the lifetime and longevity of these gases, Carbon dioxide has  increased in atmosphere due to increased burning of fossils, cutting of trees, Industrial application, trapping of heat waves can cause excessive heating of earth's temperature.
Ozone is naturally found in the stratosphere where it is constantly broken down by UV rays, but the burning of organic volatile compounds and emission of nitrogen oxides have led to the formation of the ozone layer in the atmosphere resulting in excessive trapping of heat
Hence, the correct answer is 'O$ _{3}$ and CO$ _{2}$'.

Which one of the following is mismatched?

  1. Fossil fuel burning- Release of $CO _2$

  2. Nuclear power- Radioactive wastes

  3. Solar energy- Green house effect

  4. Biomass burning- Release of $CO _2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity. It is a clean form of energy with zero emission of harmful gases. It decreases dependency on the burning of fossil fuels which emits greenhouse gases which contribute to the warming of the earth's surface in excess. 

A. The burning of fossil fuels is related to the release of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas.
B. Nuclear power plants release radioactive wastes that contaminate the soil and water.
C. Solar energy has no contribution to the greenhouse effect.
D. Biomass burning also results in carbon dioxide emission.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Solar energy- Greenhouse effect'

Green house effect is due to

  1. X-rays

  2. UV rays

  3. Green rays

  4. Infra-red rays


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is the trapping of the infra-red rays that are reflected by the earth's surface by the atmospheric gases. These gases like carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, sulphur tetrafluoride etc. are named as greenhouse gases. As a result, these rays are not reflected back to space and increase the overall temperature of the earth, called global warming. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are the main anthropogenic causes of the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

So, the correct answer is 'Infra-red rays'

Checking of reradiating heat by atmospheric dust, $O _3, CO _2$ and water vapours is

  1. Ozone layer effect

  2. Radioactive effect

  3. Greenhouse effect

  4. Solar effect


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect can be defined as the capture and re-radiation of the infre-red radiations by the tropospheric gases like ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapours and dust. This lead to the increase in the temperature of the atmosphere, and as a result the over all temperature of the earth increases, causing global warming.

A. Ozone layer effect is the absorption of UV rays.

B. Radioactive effect is the release of the radiations by radioactive substances.

C. The greenhouse effect can be defined as the capture and re-radiation of the infre-red radiations by the tropospheric gases like ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapours and dust.

D. Solar effect is the massive release of solar flares.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Greenhouse effect'.

One green house gas contributes $14\%$ to total global warming and another contributes $6\%$. These are respectively identified as

  1. $NO _2$ and $CO _2$

  2. CFC and $N _2O$

  3. Methane and $CO _2$

  4. Methane and CFCs

  5. CFCs and $CO _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The warming of earth's surface when sun radiations are absorbed and trapped in earth's atmosphere, is called greenhouse effect. The gases responsible for green house effect are called green house gases which trap the radiations and don't let them reflect back from the earth's surface. The green house gases are Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O). 
The approximate percentage of different greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is:
CFCs - 14%
CO2 - 60%
‎CH4 - 20%
N2O - 6%
So, the correct answer is 'CFC and N2O'.

Cattle ranches cause acute green house effect because of

  1. Methanogenic bacteria in rumen

  2. Mechanised milking practices

  3. Decomposition of organic remains in faeces

  4. Decomposition of left over fodder


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Cattle ranches are the grazing animals that are raised on a large land area. Cattles are responsible for green house effect because their rumen (stomach) contains methanogenic bacteria that produce methane gas which is a green house gas. Methane gas is released by the cattle in the atmosphere which then causes green house gas by trapping the radiations and this results in warming of earth's surface.
So, the correct answer is 'Methanogenic bacteria in rumen'.

Climate of the world is threatened by

  1. Increasing amount of atmospheric $CO _2$

  2. Decreasing amount of atmospheric $CO _2$

  3. Increasing concentration of atmospheric $O _2$

  4. Decreasing amount of atmospheric $O _2$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring gas. It shows greenhouse effect by absorbing the the long-wavelength infra-red radiations coming from the earth's surface and preventing from leaving the atmosphere. This effect is responsible for maintaining the ambient temperature on the earth. However, due to increase in combustion of fossil fuels like petroleum and coal and excessive deforestation, the amount of carbon dioxide has increased over the past years and this has adversely affected the global temperature by raiding it. This is called global warming and is responsible for climate change. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Increasing amount of atmospheric CO$ _{2}$'

Green house effect is due to.

  1. Accumulation of $O _3$ and depletion of $O _2$

  2. Accumulation of $O _3$ and $CO _2$

  3. Depletion of $CO _2$ and $O _3$

  4. Accumulation of green plants


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The Greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that is responsible for heating of Earth's surface and atmosphere. It takes place due to accumulation of Ozone, Carbon dioxide, N$ _2$O, CFCs and methane in excess in atmosphere.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B- Accumulation of O$ _3$ and CO$ _2$'.

Identify the correct matching combination.

I II III
(a) Chernobyl Accidental leakage Radioactive waste
(b) El Nino effect Global warming Causes climate changes
(c) Chlorofluorocarbons Ozone degradation Fluorine atoms released
(d) Snow blindness UV-B radiation Inflammation of cornea
  1. a, c

  2. a, d

  3. a, b, d

  4. b, d


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986, in the No. 4 nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat, in the north of the Ukrainian SSR. Which resulted in accidental leakage of radioactive wastes into the surrounding atmosphere which caused a large number of loss of human life and many genetic disorders due to radioactive mutations.
  • El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. El Nino is the “warm phase” of a larger phenomenon called the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It results in climate change.
  • Snow blindness is a painful, temporary loss of vision due to overexposure to the sun's UV -B rays. Its symptoms include inflammation of the cornea.
  • So, the correct answer is 'a,b,d'.

Which of the following sectors can possibly be affected by the onset of EI-Nino?
$1$. Food processing industries
$2$. Irrigation sector
$3$. Power sector
Choose the correct answer using the codes.

  1. $1$ and $2$

  2. $2$ and $3$

  3. $1$ and $3$

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

El Niño Southern Oscillation refers to the cycle of warm and cold temperatures, as measured by sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. El Niño is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific. These changes in tropical rainfall affect weather patterns throughout the world, particularly for the national agriculture, fishing, forestry, and energy sectors.


So the correct option is '2 and 3'.

Multiple Choice Questions
Which one of the following is mismatched?

  1. Fossil fuel burning - Release of $CO _2$

  2. Nuclear power - Radioactive wastes

  3. Solar energy - Green house effect

  4. Biomass burning - Release of $CO _2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon responsible for heating surface and atmosphere of earth. It is caused due to the presence of greenhouse gases like CO$ _2$, CH$ _4$ and CFCs etc. An excess amount of these gases cause global warming. The greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect.

So, the correct answer is option C, solar energy - greenhouse effect.

At night, low clouds:

  1. Enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect

  2. Weaken the atmospheric greenhouse effect

  3. Are often caused by the atmospheric greenhouse effect

  4. Have no effect on the atmospheric greenhouse effect


Correct Option: A

The planet with a strong greenhouse effect, whose surface temperature averages $480^{o}C$ $(900^{o}F)$ is :

  1. Earth

  2. Venus

  3. Mars

  4. Pluto


Correct Option: B

The heating of earth's atmosphere due to trapped radiation is known as

  1. Global warming

  2. Glass-House effect

  3. Thermal effect

  4. Green House effect


Correct Option: D

What can humanitarian be harmed by unmitigated greenhouse emissions?

  1. Severe weather

  2. Infectious diseases

  3. Food crises

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D

Fourier predicted the green house effect and it was coined by

  1. Fourier

  2. Tanseley

  3. Arrhenius

  4. Odum


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The burning of fossil fuels leads to increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was a Swedish scientist who was the first to claim in 1896 that fossil fuel combustion may eventually result in enhanced global warming. He proposed a relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature. He found that the average surface temperature of the earth is about $15^0$C because of the infrared absorption capacity of water vapour and carbon dioxide. This is called as the natural greenhouse effect. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

The best solution to combat greenhouse effect is

  1. To use diesel vehicles

  2. To stop infra-red from entering the earth

  3. Afforestation and grow abundant plants

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The best solution to combat greenhouse effect is to plant trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.

CO$ _2$, CH$ _4$, N$ _2$O and CFCS are called as green house gases because they can absorb

  1. Ultraviolet radiation

  2. Long wave infrared radiation

  3. Visible light radiation

  4. X-rays radiation

  5. $\gamma$-rays radiation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Greenhouse gases are the gases which contribute to global warming. When the concentration of these gases increases in the atmosphere they form a layer which traps the solar radiation. Due to the trapped long wave infrared radiation, the temperature of the earth increases which leads to global warming. So the correct answer is option C.

If CO$ _2$ is absent in atmosphere of earth then 

  1. Temperature will decrease

  2. Temperature will increase

  3. Plants will flourish well

  4. No effect


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The total carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere is 0.03%. The percentage of carbon dioxide is balanced by respiration and photosynthesis. Solar radiation falls on earth's surface heating it, while a small proportion is reflected back, and earths surface re-emits heat in the form of infrared radiation but part of this does not escape into space as atmospheric gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) absorb a major fraction of it. These gases like carbon dioxide and methane are commonly known as greenhouse gases because they are responsible for the greenhouse effect. Increase in the level of greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of earth leading to global warming. Thus, the correct answer is option A..

In the absence of greenhouse gases, the temperature of earth's surface will fall to

  1. $0^o$C

  2. $-5^o$C

  3. $-10^o$C

  4. $-20^o$C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Without the Greenhouse gases, the average temperature of earth would be 0$^{o}$ F or -20$^{o}$ C. The naturally present Greenhouse gases allow most of the incoming solar radiations to warm the earth surface and do not let the thermal radiations to escape into the space. However, anthropogenic contribution to the Greenhouse gases increase the level of solar radiations trapped and thus increase the overall temperature leading to global warming.

Hence, the correct answer is '-20$^{o}$ C'.

Green house effect is warming due to

  1. Infra-red rays reaching earth

  2. Moisture layer in atmosphere

  3. Increase in temperature due to increase in carbon dioxide concentration of atmosphere

  4. Ozone layer of atmosphere


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Greenhouse effect refers to the absorption of the sun's radiations by the atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide and trapping of these radiations within the atmosphere. These are subsequently reflected onto the earth's surface and cause an increase in the global temperature, called global warming. Infra-red radiations reaching earth will not increase the temperature. Moisture layer in the atmosphere does not show the greenhouse effect. Ozone layer in atmosphere absorbs the UV within stratosphere so that they do not reach the earth's surface.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Increase in temperature due to increase in carbon dioxide concentration of atmosphere'

Which gas contributes most of green house effect?

  1. CFC

  2. Freon

  3. $CO _2$

  4. $CH _4$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Greenhouse effect can be defined as the trapping of the radiations of the sun by the atmospheric gases and the subsequent reflection on the earth's surface causing global warming. There are many greenhouse gases like water vapour, methane, CFCs etc. but carbon dioxide is the major concern because it has contributed to most of the global warming 1750 to 2011 as per IPCC data and it tends to accumulate in the atmosphere. It is released in greater amounts from the vehicular emissions, deforestation, industrial emissions etc. so it constitutes around 81% of the greenhouse gases.

Hence, the correct answer is 'CO$ _{2}$'.

Green house effect is related to

  1. Increased growth of green algae

  2. Global warming

  3. Cultivation of vegetables in houses

  4. Development of terrace gardens


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Greenhouse effect refers to the absorption of the sun's radiations by the atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide and trapping of these radiations within the atmosphere. These are subsequently reflected onto the earth's surface and cause an increase in the global temperature, called global warming. So, greenhouse effect is related to the global warming caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, sulphur tetrafluoride etc.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Global warming'.

Warm ocean surge or Peru current that recurs after $5-8$ years in East Pacific along South America is

  1. El Nino

  2. Aye Aye

  3. Mangox

  4. Gulf Stream


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

El Nino is a climate cycle, occurring after 5-8 years in the Pacific ocean which globally impacts weather pattern. The cycle begins when warm water in the western tropical Pacific Ocean shifts eastward along the equator toward the coast of South America. The cold counterpart of El Nino is called La Nino. The weakening of the trade winds which results in pushing of warm surface water to the west and less cold water to the east cause the effect of El Nino.

Hence, the correct answer is 'El Nino'

Heat that radiates back from green house gases (green house flux) causes

  1. Additional global warming

  2. Thermal inversion

  3. Eutrophication

  4. Smog


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapours trap heat radiating from earth towards space making the earth warmer. The increased amount of these gases block Heat from escaping and they present in the earth's atmosphere for more than their expected period. Scientist attributes the cause of global warming to such semi-permanently existing gases 'forcing' climate change.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Additional global warming'.

Excess atmospheric $CO _2$ increases green house effect as $CO _2$

  1. Is opaque to infra-red rays

  2. Is not opaque to infra-red rays

  3. Precipitates dust in the atmosphere

  4. Reduces atmospheric pressure


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It absorbs the long wavelength infrared radiations. The chemical bond between carbon and oxygen absorb infrared light very well and traps the heat from escaping, so they are considered to be opaque to the infra-red rays as these cannot pass across the carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide molecules vibrate on receiving energy from the photon and allows molecules to capture the infrared photons (radiation). 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Is opaque to infra-red rays'

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