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Diversity in the living world - class-XII

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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding biodiversity?

  1. Biodiversity deals with biological and geographical units such as genes, chromosomes, species, families and biogeographic religions.

  2. Biodiversity is an addition sum of genetic, taxonomic and ecosystem diversity.

  3. It is a measure of the amount of resources shared by the human population.

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.
  • It deals with biological and geographical units such as genes, chromosomes, species, families and biogeographic religions
  • It is an additional sum of genetic, taxonomic and ecosystem diversity.
  • Biodiversity is a measure of species richness i.e  The number of groups of genetically or functionally related individuals.
  • Hence Biodiversity is a measure of the number of resources shared by the human population is a wrong statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

The term biodiversity is popularised by 

  1. Odum

  2. Paul Ehrlich

  3. Edward Wilson

  4. Tilman.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation.  

Among the ecosystem mentioned below where can one maximum biodiversity? 

  1. Mangroves

  2. Desert

  3. Coral reefs

  4. Alpine Meadows


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment. Ecosystem diversity is a type of biodiversity. It is the variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet. Biodiversity is important because it clears out our water, changes out climate, and provides us with food. Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community, including the number of different niches, the number of trophic levels and other ecological processes. A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Often called "rainforests of the sea", shallow coral reefs form some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean area, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians.
So the correct option is 'coral reefs'.

Rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitats/communities is called 

  1. $\alpha$ - diversity

  2. $\beta$ - diversity

  3. $\gamma$ - diversity

  4. $\omega$ - diversity


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The local species pool is known as alpha diversity. It is also the diversity present within the community. Beta diversity is the diversity present between the communities. The diversity present in the ranges of communities is known as Gamma diversity.

So, the correct answer is 'β - diversity'.

The term biodiversity is related to 

  1. All living plants

  2. All living animals

  3. All living plants and animals

  4. Living plants, animals and microbes found in their natural habitats


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organization. It is related to all living plants, animals, and microbes found in their natural habitats. There are more than 20,000 species of ants, 3,00,000 species of beetles, 28,000 species of fishes and nearly 20,000 species of orchids. The biodiversity is measured at three levels; genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity.
So, the correct answer is 'Living plants, animals and microbes found in their natural habitats'.

The difference between different living things with respect to their appearance and mode of life is called as

  1. Classification

  2. Biodiversity

  3. Evolotion

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Biodiversity means the diversity of living forms. Different life forms have a different physical appearance. 
  • Some are tall, some are short and their mode of life is also different. For example, some are autotrophs some are heterotrophs, some organisms live in water or land or both.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region is known as

  1. Biosphere

  2. Biodiversity

  3. Bioconservation

  4. Biocommunity


Correct Option: B

Variety of organisms existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the environment is called as

  1. Diversity

  2. Biosphere

  3. Biology

  4. Biodiversity


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the variation in living organisms from all sources such as terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It also involves the interaction of the biotic and abiotic factors with each other. Biodiversity is responsible for maintenance of balance in the ecosystem. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Measure of biodiversity of an area is

  1. The number of species found there

  2. The range of different life forms

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on the Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. Hence, the correct answer is option C.

The study of total number and types of organisms present on earth is

  1. Ecology

  2. Taxonomy

  3. Biodiversity

  4. Classification


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the term used to describe the variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural processes. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation or species variation within an area, biome or planet. The biodiversity is more concentrated within the tropical ecosystems than temperate ecosystems. The most diverse group of animals are invertebrates. 
Some human activities have indirect but wide-reaching effects on biodiversity, including climate change and pollution. These threats have put a serious strain on the diversity of species on Earth.

Variety of organisms in different ecosystem can be measured by 

  1. Genetics

  2. Microbiology

  3. Biodiversity

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the measure of the variety of life on the earth. It can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation within an area, biome, or planet. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

................ is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.

  1. Environment

  2. Biodiversity

  3. Generation

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biodiversity, a contraction of "biological diversity," generally refers to the variety and variability of life on the Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.  

Biodiversity consists of variety of

  1. Plants

  2. Animals

  3. Organisms

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The different variety of life forms is known as biodiversity which includes plants, animals and microorganisms where they interact with each other and maintain the ecosystem. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Convention of biodiversity came into force on

  1. 29 December 1993

  2. 6 June 1992

  3. 3 October 1994

  4. 4 October 1993


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in 1992. Earth summit at Rio, Brazil, promoted 'Convention on Biological Diversity' (CBD), which was signed by 152 nations. Its recommendations came into effect on 29th Dec. 1993. India became a party to this 'Convention on Biological Diversity' in May 1994.

Alpha diversity is biodiversity present

  1. Within community

  2. Between community

  3. Ranges of communities

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The local species pool is known as alpha diversity. It is also the diversity present within the community. Beta diversity is the diversity present between the communities. The diversity present in the ranges of communities is known as Gamma diversity.

So, the correct answer is 'Within community'.

Biodiversity is determined by

  1. Number of individuals in an area

  2. Species richness

  3. Evenness

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The variety and variability of living organisms (both plants and animals) are known as biodiversity. The variation measured by biodiversity is at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Species richness and evenness are major factors determining biodiversity. Tropics have the highest biodiversity.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Biodiversity act of India was passed by Parliament in

  1. 1992

  2. 1996

  3. 2000

  4. 2002


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An Act of the Parliament of India for the preservation of biological diversity in India was passed in 2002 known as the Biodiversity Act of India. This act provides methods for the sharing of benefits in an equitable manner arising out of the use of traditional biological resources and its knowledge. The function of this act includes: Regulation of acts prohibited under the Act, Advise the Government on the conservation of biodiversity, etc. Any offense under this Act is non-bailable and cognizable.

So, the correct answer is '2002'.

India became a party to convention on biological diversity in

  1. 1994

  2. 1993

  3. 1992

  4. 1988


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It resulted in the Convention on Biodiversity, a multilateral treaty. Three major goals were addressed in this convention which included: conservation of biodiversity; sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the genetic resources. India became a party to Convention on Biological Diversity in '1994'.
So, the correct answer is '1994'.

World biodiversity day is

  1. 22$^{nd}$ April

  2. 16$^{th}$ September

  3. 5$^{th}$ June

  4. 22$^{nd}$ may


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Biodiversity day or the Biological diversity day is a UN sanctioned day celebrated internationally. It addresses the promotion of biodiversity issues. Currently, the day is held on May 22. Earlier, it was held on December 29 to celebrate the day in which the Convention on Biological Diversity came into action.
So, the correct answer is '22 May'.

Select correct statement about biodiversity.

  1. Desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as rare animals

  2. Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism

  3. Conservation of biodiversity is a fad pursued by developed countries

  4. Large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula is known as the Western Ghats. The area has over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species, and 290 freshwater fish species. Many undiscovered species also exist. Around 325 globally threatened species also occur here. And this makes clear that the Western Ghats are the most biodiversity-rich zone in India. It is also known as 'Cradle of speciation'.

So, the correct answer is 'Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism'.

India became a party to Convention on Biological Diversity in

  1. 1994

  2. 1993

  3. 1992

  4. 1988


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It resulted in the Convention on Biodiversity, a multilateral treaty. Three major goals were addressed in this convention which included: conservation of biodiversity; sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the genetic resources. India became a party to this convention in 1994.

So, the correct answer is '1994'.

Which statement is not true about biodiversity in India?

  1. India is rich in biodiversity

  2. Indo-Burma is not a biodiversity hotspot

  3. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka are rich in rain forests

  4. One horned rhinoceros is found in Eastern Himalayan hotspot


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Indo-Burma is a biodiversity hotspot. Ecological hot spots are large areas of Earth's land surface which have high concentrations of plant endemism and also experience high rates of habitat loss. In India, 4 ecological hot spots are presently identified. The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland constitute the 4 biodiversity hotspots in our country. One of the major features of these places is the presence of numerous endemic species.

So, the correct answer is 'Indo-Burma is not a biodiversity hotspot'.

Alexander Von Humboldt described for the first time?

  1. Ecological Biodiversity

  2. Laws of limiting factor

  3. Species area relationships

  4. Population Growth equation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In agroecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppressions of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals.

So, the correct option is 'Ecological biodiversity.'

Biodiversity

  1. Increases towards the equator

  2. Decreases towards the equator

  3. Remains same throughout the planet

  4. Has no effect on change in latitude


Correct Option: A

Variety of life forms, expressed as a number of species in an area, known as

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Ecological Diversity

  3. Ecosystem

  4. All of Above


Correct Option: A

Large variety of flora and fauna on earth is known as:

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Diversity

  3. Biome

  4. Ecosystem


Correct Option: A

India's biodiversity is in jeopardy and major reason for this is 

  1. Population explosion

  2. Habitat destruction

  3. Pollution and animal poaching

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. India is a mega diverse nation, housing around 10% of world's species. India also has a rich cultural heritage going back thousands of years. Much of Indian biodiversity is intricately related to the socio-cultual practices of the land. Unfortunately, due to population explosion, climate change and implementation of environmental policies, several species are facing the threat of extinction. Not only does this affect the food chain, but also the livelihood and the culture of millions of Indians, who depend on local biodiversity. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that are correctly related to biodiversity 
(a)  Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
(b)  Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
(c)  Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
(d)  Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.
Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) and (b)

  2. (b) and (d)

  3. (a) and (c)

  4. (b) and (c)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life. It is seen in the number of species in an ecosystem or on the entire Earth. Biodiversity gets used as a measure of the health of biological systems, and to see if there is a danger that too many species become extinct. It includes the variety in both, flora and fauna.
Forests are biodiversity hotspots. They are areas rich in biodiversity which are also the most threatened ones due to a high degree of exploitation and human interference.

Biodiversity of any given geographical region represents 

  1. The diversity in the organisms living in that region.

  2. The diversity in the organisms living in that region and regions nearby it.

  3. Endangered species found in the region.

  4. Genetic diversity present in the dominant species of the region.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species in their natural environments, which is the aim of conservationists concerned about the indiscriminate destruction of rainforests and other habitats. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The total number of species of plants, animals and microorganisms living on the Earth is called as

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Flora

  3. Fauna

  4. Ecosystem


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the term given to the variety of life on Earth. It is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems within which they live and interact. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The term alpha diversity refers to 

  1. Genetic diversity

  2. Community and ecosystem diversity

  3. Species diversity

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape is the gamma diversity and is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a more local scale is an alpha diversity and the differentiation among those habitats is the beta diversity. 

Alpha diversity was defined by Whittaker (1972) as the species richness of a place. However, the practical development of this concept led to redefine the alpha diversity on the basis of the structure of the community. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Biodiversity-rich areas are the 

  1. Hotspots

  2. Plants

  3. Animals

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A biodiversity hotspot is a region of the earth that is extremely biologically diverse. The forest serves as the reservoir of biodiversity containing different species of plants, animals and all other sorts of living organisms. Many forests include a very rich diversity of species including most rare and prior to extinct species. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The variety of forms of life found in a region is called as

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Flora

  3. Fauna

  4. Endemic


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play.

So, the correct answer is 'Biodiversity'.

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity.

  1. Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area

  2. Biodiversity is greater in a forest

  3. Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area

  4. Both A and B 


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area. It is a term coined to describe the immense variety and richness of life on this planet. The word was coined in 1985 and during the 1990s has become very widely used in the scientific circles. So, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following shows the maximum diversity?

  1. Algae

  2. Fungi

  3. Pteridophytes

  4. Bryophytes


Correct Option: B

The term biodiversity implies only to organisms living in/on

  1. Land

  2. Forest

  3. Water

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The term biodiversity means all life forms present all over the world, it implies to all organisms whether they live on land and water. Thus the correct answer is option D. 

The term alpha diversity refers to

  1. Genetic diversity

  2. Community and ecosystem diversity

  3. Species diversity

  4. Diversity among the plants


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Alpha diversity, present within community diversity is a species diversity in a given community or habitat and is dependent upon species richness and evenness. There is a lot of competition, adjustments and interrelationships amongst members of the same community
So, the correct answer is 'Community and ecosystem diversity'

How does the level of biodiversity change as an individual moves from the north pole to the equator? 

  1. The biodiversity increases and then decreases.

  2. The biodiversity decreases and then increases.

  3. The biodiversity increases.

  4. The biodiversity does not change significantly.

  5. The biodiversity rapidly decreases.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity increases as one moves from North pole towards the equator. The North pole has an extremely cold climate that requires specialized adaptations for organisms to dwell, moreover resources are few.

As we move towards the equator natural resources in the form of precipitation, producers and a climate that is conducive to support a variety of flora and fauna increases and hence diversity increases.
So, the correct answer is 'The biodiversity increases.'

Which is accepted by researchers as a level of biodiversity?

I.   Species biodiversity
II.  Genetic biodiversity 
III. Ecosystem biodiversity 

  1. I only

  2. II onIy

  3. I and II only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II and III


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

  • Researchers have accepted three levels of biodiversity, namely genetic biodiversity, species biodiversity, and ecosystem biodiversity. All three levels are interrelated.
  • Genetic diversity includes variety at the level of genes. It is measured at various levels like population, species, community, and biome.
  • Species diversity includes variety in the species. It is the easiest method of studying diversity. Each species has a particular role in the ecosystem.
  • Ecosystem diversity includes diversity that deals with species distribution, community patterns, the role of key species and species interactions.
     
Thus, the correct answer is option E.

India became a party to convention on biological diversity in the year

  1. 1994

  2. 1993

  3. 1992

  4. 1988


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Earth's Summit was held at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in 1992. Earth summit at Rio, Brazil, promoted 'Convention on Biological Diversity' (CBD), which was signed by 152 nations. Its recommendations came into effect on 29$^{th}$ Dec, 1993. India became a party to this 'Convention on Biological Diversity' in May 1994.

Assertion : Alpha diversity is said to be higher if the dissimilarity between local pool species.

Reason : Alpha diversity is a measure of diversity between the communities in a local area.

  1. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion

  2. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  3. The Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

  4. Both the Assertion and Reason are true.

  5. The Assertion is false but Reason is true.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A local pool species includes all the available species in a given area. The species diversity in a local community is called alpha diversity. It is said to be higher if there is a dissimilarity between local pool species. This diversity is influenced by the interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors. It also depends on immigration. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Assertion : Diversity observed in the entire geographical area is called as gamma diversity.

Reason : Biodiversity decreases from high altitude to low altitude.

  1. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  2. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  3. The Assertion is true but the Reason is false

  4. Both the Assertion and Reason are false.

  5. The Assertion is false but Reason is true.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Community and ecosystem diversity is of three types- alpha, beta and gamma. 

Alpha diversity is the species diversity in a given community or habitat, alpha diversity is dependent upon species richness and evenness or equitability. 
Beta diversity is biodiversity, which appears in a range of communities due to the replacement of species with the change in community or habitat due to the presence of different micro-habitats, niches and difference in environment conditions. 
Gamma diversity is diversity present in ranges of communities as represented by the diversity of habitats or ecosystems over a total landscape or geographical area. 
Biodiversity is not uniform on the Earth. It varies with the change in latitude or altitude. 
Biodiversity increase, when we move from high to low latitude (i.e., from the poles to the equator)
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Reason for diversity in living beings is due to __________________.

  1. Short term evolutionary changes

  2. Long term evolutionary changes

  3. Mutations

  4. Gradual change


Correct Option: B

Convention on Biodiversity came into force on

  1. 29 Dec, 1993

  2. 6 June, 1992

  3. 3 October, 1994

  4. 4 October, 1993


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. It resulted into the Convention on Biodiversity, a multilateral treaty, which entered into force on December 29, 1993. Three major goals were addressed in this convention which included: conservation of biodiversity; sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the genetic resources. 

So, the correct answer is '29 Dec, 1993'.

Diversity of habitats over the total geographical area is

  1. Alpha diversity

  2. Beta diversity

  3. Gamma diversity

  4. Delta diversity

  5. Omega diversity


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A) The diversity of organisms sharing the same habitat is known as alpha diversity.

B) The rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitats is known as beta diversity. 
C) The diversity of habitats over the total landscape or geographical area is known as gamma diversity.
D) Delta diversity includes the differentiation of diversity over wide geographic areas.
So, the correct answer is 'Gamma diversity'.

Percentage of angiosperms of all the threatened species is

  1. 51%

  2. 42%

  3. 28%

  4. 18%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

IUCN is the authority on threatened species, and it treats threatened species as a group of three categories, depending on the degree relative to which they are threatened. Those categories are Vulnerable species; Endangered species and Critically endangered species. As per the Red list of 2000, there are 11,096 threatened species. The percentage of angiosperms of all the threatened species is 51%.

So, the correct answer is '51%'.

Maximum biodiversity is found in

  1. Tropical rain forests

  2. Temperate rain forests

  3. Mangrove vegetation

  4. Tundra


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Maximum biodiversity is found in Tropical rain forests. One of the reasons is that tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Such constant environments promote niche specialization and lead to greater species diversity. Examples:-
A) A forest in a tropical region like Equador has up to 10 times as many species of vascular plants as a forest of equal area in a temperate region like the Midwest of the USA. 
B) The largely tropical Amazonian rain forest in South America has the greatest biodiversity on earth- it is home to more than 40,000 species of plants, 3,000 of fishes, 1,300 of birds, 427 of mammals, 427 of amphibians, 378 of reptiles and of more than 1,25,000 invertebrates.
So, the correct answer is 'Tropical rain forests'.

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity.
(i) Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
(ii) Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
(iii) Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
(iv) Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iii)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area. The forest has a wide variety of flora and fauna which flourishes widely in the given area and are a rich source of biodiversity. Biodiversity is not concerned with a particular species .

So, the correct answer is option C.

With reference to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, consider the following statements.
$1$. It aims to bring pollution, including from excess nutrients to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
$2$. It aims to control or eradicate invasive alien species on priority basis.
Which of the statement(s) given is/are correct?

  1. $1$ only

  2. $2$ only

  3. Both $1$ and $2$

  4. Neither $1$ nor $2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Aichi Biodiversity Targets have the following ideologies:-
  1. Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society.
  2. Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use.
  3. Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity.
  4. Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services.
  5. Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management, and capacity building.

Strategic Goal B aims to bring pollution, including from excess nutrients to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity and it aims to control or eradicate invasive alien species on a priority basis.

So the correct option is 'Both $1$ and $2$'.

Biodiversity of a geographical region represents

  1. endangered species found in the region

  2. the diversity in the organisms living in the region

  3. genetic diversity in the dominant species of the region

  4. All of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biodiversity of a geographical region represents the diversity in the organisms living in the region. 

So, the correct option is 'Option B'.

Biodiversity of a geographic region represents

  1. Genetic diversity present in the dominant species of the region

  2. Species evdemism to the region

  3. Endangered species found in the region

  4. Diversity in organisms living in the region


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability among living organism and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Biodiversity of a particular region replaces the diversity in organism living in that region all the flora fauna different species that are present in that particular region.

So, the correct option is 'Diversity in organisms living in the region'.

Which of the following will not affect the frequency of the gene in a large population?

  1. A) Environmental selective pressure

  2. B) selective immigration

  3. C) Random mating

  4. D) Non random mating


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Selective pressures drive natural selection.
  •  Some members of the population will not survive and reproduce and, thus, will not pass on their genes into the next generation. This change in the genetic makeup of a population is called evolution. 
  • Hence, Environmental selective pressure will not affect the frequency of the gene in a large population. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Environmental selective pressure'.

Which one of the following pairs of geographical areas show maximum biodiversity in our country?

  1. Sunderbans and Rann of Kutch

  2. Eastern Ghats and West Bengal

  3. Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats

  4. Kerala and Punjab


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biodiversity mainly depends on upon the climatic and geographical conditions available in a particular region. The Western Ghat runs along the western edge of peninsular India. It supports a diverse range of flora and fauna. There are over 6000 vascular plants belonging to over 2500 genera in this hotspot, of which over 3000 are endemic. It is a rich source of spices such as black pepper and cardamom. The highest concentration of species in the Western Ghats is believed to be the Agasthyamalai Hills in the extreme south. The region also harbors over 450 bird species, about 140 mammalian species, 260 reptiles, and 175 amphibians. Over 60% of the reptiles and amphibians are completely endemic to the hotspot. 
The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing Bhutan, northeastern India, and southern, central, and eastern Nepal. The region is geologically young and shows high altitudinal variation. The Eastern Himalayan hotspot has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), the wild Asian water buffalo and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species. 
So, the correct answer is 'Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats'

The biodiversity is positively associated with

  1. Diversity of ecosystems

  2. Genetic variation within species

  3. Species diversity within communities

  4. B and C only

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Biodiversity represents the sum of the total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi, bacteria, protozoa and multicellular organisms such as plants, fishes and mammals at various biological levels including gene, habitats and ecosystem. Thus, the correct option is E.

Species biodiversity is a combination of which two factors? 

  1. The number of different species and the number of ecosystems in which they are found

  2. The number of different species and the number of each of those different species in an area

  3. The number of different genes in an organism and the number of ecosystems in which a species is found

  4. The number of different species and the number of times a particular gene is found in the species

  5. The number of different genes in an organism and the number of each species found in an ecosystem.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a region. Measures of species diversity are the number of species in particular area. Greater the species richness, greater is the species diversity. The number of niches, trophic levels and various ecological process that sustain energy flow, food webs and recycling of nutrients is ecological diversity. Thus, the correct answer is A.

'Vavilov mega diversity centre' is in

  1. Australia

  2. Siberia

  3. Andamans

  4. Tibet


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Vavilov mega diversity center is in Australia. It was indicated by Dr. Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov. He stated that "plants were not domesticated somewhere in the world at random but there are regions where the domestication started". The center of origin is also considered the center of diversity.

Until today Vavilov centers are regions where a high diversity of crop wild relatives can be found, representing the natural relatives of domesticated crop plants.

Select the correct statement about biodiversity

  1. large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity

  2. conservation of biodiversity is a fad pursued by developed countries

  3. desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as numerous rate animals

  4. Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Hotspot of biodiversity are the areas which have a high density of biodiversity or megadiversity which are the most threatened points. All over the world, 25 terrestrial hotspots have been identified for the conservation of biodiversity. Out of these 15 hotspots have the tropical forest, 5 acres and Mediterranean time zones and 9 hotspots are present in tropics. Out of 25 hotspots of the world tour found in India. These are the Western Ghats and the eastern Himalayas.
So, the correct option is 'The Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism'

Biodiversity means variations present in the species of the flora of an area.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Nither

  4. Either


Correct Option: B
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