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Leadership - class-XII

Description: leadership
Number of Questions: 144
Created by:
Tags: commerce business studies leadership organisation of commerce and management directing
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The leader of an organization performs  ______ as per Mintzberg.

  1. an interpersonal role

  2. an informational role

  3. a decisional role

  4. all the given options


Correct Option: D

Leadership research indicates that all of the following are traits that have been identified to be consistently associated with leadership except ________.

  1. consistent behavior

  2. honesty and integrity

  3. job-relevant knowledge

  4. self-confidence


Correct Option: A

In the University of Michigan studies, low group productivity and lower job satisfaction were associated with ________.

  1. humanistic leaders

  2. production-oriented leaders

  3. employee-oriented leaders

  4. technical-oriented leaders.


Correct Option: B

Grid style of leadership was given by _________.

  1. Blake & Menton

  2. Fayol

  3. Lewin

  4. White


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is not a limitation of the trait approach?

  1. There are no universal traits that predict leadership in all situations.

  2. Traits predict behaviour more in weak situations than in strong situations.

  3. The evidence is quite clear in separating cause from effect.

  4. Traits do a better job at predicting the appearance of leadership in distinguishing between effective and ineffective leaders.


Correct Option: C

There is fairly consistent evidence that leadership is related to all of the following traits except:

  1. ambition and energy.

  2. extroversion.

  3. desire to lead.

  4. intelligence.


Correct Option: B

Good ______ brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans.

  1. leadership

  2. management

  3. vision

  4. inspiration


Correct Option: B

Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders?

  1. trait theory

  2. path-goal theory

  3. LPC

  4. contingency theory


Correct Option: A

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. All leaders are managers.

  2. All managers are leaders.

  3. When an organization provides its managers with formal rights, that is assurance that they will be able to lead effectively.

  4. Nonsanctioned leadership is not as important as formal influence.


Correct Option: B

Leaders ________.

  1. establish direction by developing a vision of the future.

  2. align people by communicating their vision.

  3. inspire people to overcome hurdles.

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D

Leadership is ______.

  1. the ability to influence a group in goal achievement.

  2. an inherited trait.

  3. not something that can be learned.

  4. a trait held by all managers.


Correct Option: A

If trait research had been successful, we would ___, whereas if behavioural studies were correct, we would _____.

  1. teach people certain traits; teach people certain behaviours.

  2. select the right person for the job; train leaders.

  3. change jobs to suit people; change people to suit jobs.

  4. only hire women; hire either men or women.


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is not a behavioural theory of leadership?

  1. Ohio State studies

  2. trait theory

  3. University of Michigan studies

  4. leadership grid


Correct Option: B

The University of Michigan studies define a(n) _______ leader as one who takes personal interest in the needs of his/her subordinates.

  1. personal

  2. country club

  3. employee-oriented

  4. humanistic


Correct Option: C

Leading involves which of the following?

  1. Assigning tasks

  2. Motivating employees

  3. Use of influence

  4. Both b & c


Correct Option: D

It is also said that administration is __________.

  1. lower level function

  2. middle level function

  3. top-level function

  4. none of above


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is the ability to influence human behaviour?

  1. Interpersonal skill

  2. Decision skill

  3. Administrative skill

  4. Leadership skill


Correct Option: D


According to ___________, " leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives".

  1. Koontz and O, Donnell

  2. Gray Desslor

  3. George R. Terry

  4. Lewin, Lippitt & White


Correct Option: C

In which style of leadership there is centralization of authority and decision-making and very limited participation by subordinates?

  1. Free rein style

  2. Automatic style

  3. Democratic style

  4. Laissez-faire


Correct Option: B

Informal leadership is ________.

  1. spontaneous

  2. part of informal organization

  3. neither (A) nor (B)

  4. both (A) and (B)


Correct Option: D

Lewin, Lippitt and White conducted leadership studies in ______ based on three different styles - autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire.

  1. 1939

  2. 1929

  3. 1949

  4. 1989


Correct Option: A

Which of the following statement about leadership  is false?

  1. Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organization

  2. Not every leader is a manager

  3. When people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and defined

  4. All the above


Correct Option: C

"Leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a specialized" . This is stated by _________.

  1. Koontz and O'Donnell

  2. Gray Desslor

  3. George R.Terry

  4. Lewin,Lippitt & White


Correct Option: A

Which of the following statement is incorrect in relation to leadership?

  1. Leadership is dynamic and ever-evolving process ;a manager must lead continuously.

  2. One who leads should not be a part of the group.

  3. Leadership involves directing ,guiding and influencing the behavior of individuals and group

  4. Itcontemplates interpersonal influence and close man-to-man relationship


Correct Option: B

Autocratic style of leadership is similar to _________.

  1. theory V

  2. theory Y

  3. theory X

  4. theory Z


Correct Option: C

On what belief are contingency theories of lesdership based?

  1. That is a single style of leadership appropriate to all managers

  2. That there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situations

  3. That there is a single style of leadership appropriate to all situations

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Vinoba Bhave was founder and leader of the____________.

  1. Land scam in India

  2. Constitution of India

  3. Land gift movament

  4. Planned Parenthood Federation


Correct Option: C

Dr. maria Montessori _______________.

  1. fought of fundamental rights of children.

  2. establishment school for nurses and fought for improvement of hospital conditions

  3. establishment National park system

  4. developed approach to early childhood education


Correct Option: D

In the University of Michigan studies, low group productivity and lower job satisfaction were associated with.

  1. Humanistic leaders

  2. Production-oriented leaders

  3. Employee-oriented leaders

  4. Technical-oriented leaders


Correct Option: B

Leadership research indicates that all of the following are traits that have been identified to be consistently associated with leadership except.

  1. Consistent behaviour

  2. Honesty and integrity

  3. Job-relevant knowledge

  4. Self-confidence


Correct Option: A

____________ is the act of directing or inspiring others to perform activities designed to achieve specific objects.

  1. Controlling

  2. Communicating

  3. Organizing

  4. Leadership


Correct Option: D

Which of the following tasks represents a leadership responsibility?

  1. Budgeting

  2. Aligning people

  3. Organising

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Gathering a range of data and looking for patterns, relationship, and linkages is a key function of ________.

  1. leadership

  2. management

  3. negotiation

  4. motivation


Correct Option: A

Influence based on special skills or knowledge is called __________.

  1. Expert power

  2. Referent power

  3. Reward power

  4. Coercive power


Correct Option: A

A nine by nine matrix outing 81 different leadership styles is called __________.

  1. Managerial grid

  2. Matrix 81

  3. Vertical conflict

  4. Leadership diary


Correct Option: A

Autocratic leaders or leaders in the autocratic style depict __________ of decision making in themselves.

  1. centralised power

  2. decentralised power

  3. normative power

  4. dominant power


Correct Option: A

Which is a component of context in a team effectiveness model?

  1. Task identity

  2. Common purpose

  3. Autonomy

  4. Leadership


Correct Option: D

Who developed the first comprehensive contingency model for leadership?

  1. Roger Blake

  2. Paul Hersey

  3. Jane Mouton

  4. Fred Fiedler


Correct Option: D

Employee-oriented leaders are associated with _____________.

  1. higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  2. higher group productivity and lower job satisfaction

  3. low group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  4. lower group productivity and lower job satisfaction


Correct Option: A

Opportunity costs are also known as ____________.

  1. Spillover costs

  2. Money costs

  3. Alternative costs

  4. External costs


Correct Option: C

The extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his roles and roles of subordinates is known as ___________.

  1. Consideration

  2. Initiating structure

  3. Employee-oriented

  4. Production-oriented


Correct Option: B

Production-oriented leaders are associated with _____________.

  1. higher group productivity and lower job satisfactiom

  2. higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction

  3. low group productivity and lower job satisfaction

  4. lower group productivity and higher job satisfaction


Correct Option: C

According to Michigan group, which is a dimension of leadership behaviour?

  1. Consideration

  2. Initiating structure

  3. Employee-oriented

  4. None of those


Correct Option: C

A leader who is capable of having profound and extraordinary effect on his or her followers, is known as ___________.

  1. Transactional leader

  2. Transformational leader

  3. Charismatic leader

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Which contingency theory focuses on leader's readiness?

  1. Cognitive Resource Theory

  2. Fiedler Contingency Model

  3. Path-goal Theory

  4. Situational Leadership Theory


Correct Option: D

The ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for an organisation, is termed as ____________.

  1. Transactional leaders

  2. Transformational leaders

  3. Charismatic leaders

  4. Visionary leadership


Correct Option: D

Who proposed Leader Participation Model?

  1. Fred Fiedler and Joe Garcia

  2. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard

  3. Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Who proposed Situational Leadership Theory?

  1. Paul Hersey

  2. Ken Blanchard

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Which theory views the leader-follower relationship as analogous to that between parent and child?

  1. Cognitive Resource Theory

  2. Fiedler Contingency Model

  3. Situational Leadership Theory

  4. Path-goal Theory


Correct Option: C

Which theory proposes that leader implicitly categorises the follower as an "in" or an "out".

  1. Cognitive Resource Theory

  2. LMX Theory

  3. Situational Leadership Theory

  4. Path-goal Theory


Correct Option: B

The degree to which job assignments are procedurised is known as ______________.

  1. Leader-member relationship

  2. Task structure

  3. Position power

  4. LPC


Correct Option: B

Who proposed five-category base or sources of power?

  1. French and Raven

  2. Hersey and Blanchard

  3. Fiedler and Garcia

  4. Vroom and Philip


Correct Option: A

The Great Man Theory of Leadership led to the rise of ____________.

  1. The Great Man Theory of Leadership led to the rise of

  2. the trait theory of leadership

  3. the situational theory of leadership

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Great Man Theory of Leadership led to the rise of the trait theory of leadership. The great man theory of leadership states that some people are born with the necessary attributes that set them apart from others. These traits are responsible for assuming positions of power and authority.

Which among the following is an example of "The Behavioural Theory"?

  1. Effective Leader

  2. Character of Leader

  3. Leader is a leader

  4. Personality


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Character of Leader is an example of "The Behavioural Theory". The Behavioural Theory helps to analyze and evaluate the characteristic traits of a Leader. The Behavioural theory helps to explain why the behaviour of human changes.

Situational Leadership Theory was first introduced as ____________.

  1. Leader-Member Exchange Theory

  2. Life Cycle Theory of Leadership

  3. Vertical Dyad Linkage (VDL) Theory

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Situational Leadership Theory was first introduced as Life Cycle Theory of Leadership. The essence of situational leadership is that effective leaders should tailor their style according to the situation. Using the situational leadership approach can build morale among employees and create a productive environment.

Which one is not a theory of Leadership?

  1. Accounting theory

  2. Functional theory

  3. Contingency theory

  4. The life cycle theory


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Accounting theory is not a theory of Leadership. Accounting theory can be defined as a set of assumptions, frameworks and methodologies whiich are basically used in the study and application of financial reporting principles. it provides an authoritative and thorough grounding in financial accounting.

The key situational factor that determine leadership effectiveness is __________.

  1. leader-member relationship

  2. task structure

  3. position power

  4. all of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The key situational factor that determine leadership effectiveness is leader-member relationship, task structure and position power. All these factors helps the leaders to improve their effectiveness. An effective leader must have the ability to size up a situation and make decisions based on what is the best thing to do.

The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by _____________.

  1. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard

  2. Robert House

  3. Nod Herrmann

  4. McKinsley


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. Situational leadership can be referred  to a situation when the leader or manager of an organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to influence. In situational leadership theory, the style of the leader may change continually to meet the needs of others in the organization based on the situation.

Which one of the following Is not a function of a leader in an organisation?

  1. Motivating employees

  2. Fixing the remuneration package of the employees

  3. Resolving conflict

  4. Selecting the most effective communication


Correct Option: B

To be a global leader in promoting good corporate governance is ______of ICSI.

  1. Mission

  2. Vision

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. None of above


Correct Option: B

Tick mark the correct answer.
Leadership is a function of all the following except.

  1. Work group

  2. Product or service

  3. Leader

  4. Situation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Leadership is a function of all the following except product or service. Leadership can be defined as a process of influencing the behaviour of people at work towards the realization of specific goal. The influence under leadership is always for the achievement of common goal.

__________ is the ability to influence human behaviour.

  1. Interpersonal skills

  2. Decision-making skills

  3. Administrative skills

  4. Leadership skills


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Leadership skill is the ability to influence human behaviour. Leadership  is a process of influencing the behaviour of people at work towards the achievement of specified goal. In simple terms, leadership can be defined as the process of influence.

Leadership is possible in ________.

  1. organised groups

  2. unorganized groups

  3. both (a) and (b)

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Leadership is possible both in organised and unorganised groups. Leadership is a process of influencing the behaviour of people at work towards the achievement of organisational goals. It shows interpersonal relationship between leader and followers. The leaders have informal authority only that is the authority of trust and faith shown by the group members. 

The concept of 'Leadership continuoum'  is developed by ________.

  1. Tannenbaum and Schmidt

  2. Rensis Likert

  3. George Terry

  4. Taylor


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concept of 'leadership continuum' is developed by the Tannenbaum and Schmidt in 1958. Leadership continuum represents a range of action related to the degree of authority  used by the leader and the area of freedom available to non managers.

Leadership is a function of ________.

  1. stimulation

  2. manager

  3. management

  4. organisation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Leadership is the function of stimulation because it influence the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of organisational goals. Leadership indicates the ability of an individual to maintain good interpersonal relations with followers and motivate them towards achievement of organisational goals. 

The work-standards approach is ______.

  1. democratic

  2. autocratic

  3. universal

  4. sociolistic in nature


Correct Option: B

Leadership is most often associated with the ability to __________.

  1. communicate well with large groups of people.

  2. arrange activities that have to be performed in a systematic way

  3. determine the most effective course of action

  4. inspire other toward high levels of achievement


Correct Option: D

The search for personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes that would describe leaders and differentiate them from nonleaders goes back to the ______.

  1. 1930s.

  2. 1950s.

  3. 1970s.

  4. 1990s.


Correct Option: A

With which management functions, 'mentoring' is primarily associated?

  1. Planning

  2. Organising

  3. Leadership

  4. Control


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The ability of a company's management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well is leadership. leadership is primarily mentoring or providing direction.

According to the Ohio state studies, the extent to which a leader share mutual trust and respect for his/her employees is referred to as ________.

  1. consideration

  2. employ- oriented behavior

  3. concern for production

  4. task-oriented behavior


Correct Option: A

What is the best term to describe the process of attempting to influence other people to attain the organisation's objectives?

  1. Planning

  2. Organising

  3. Leading

  4. Controlling


Correct Option: C

Decision-making skills are required at __________.

  1. top level management

  2. middle level of management

  3. all level of management

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C

A manager should know how to identify a problem and possess the ability to find a best solution for solving any specific problem. This can be termed as ___________.

  1. technical skill

  2. leadership skill

  3. problem solving skill

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C

Under ____________of leadership, the leader allows participation by member of the group in management and decision-making process.Subordinates are frequently consulted by the manager on various problems and are allowed sufficient freedom to communicate with the leader and also with their fellow subordinates.

  1. free rein style

  2. autocratic style

  3. democratic style

  4. Laissez-faire


Correct Option: C

In the Blake and Mouton Leadership grid,which management style has low concern people but a high concern for production? 

  1. Country club

  2. Authority-compliance

  3. Impoverished

  4. Middle-of-the-road


Correct Option: B

Under _______of leadership, the leader uses his power  very little giving  subordinate's full freedom of action and independence for setting their goals and means of achieving them.This types of leader depends heavily on subordinates? 

  1. free rein style

  2. democratic style

  3. Laissez-faire

  4. (A) or (B)


Correct Option: D

"Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group of objectives" is the definition given by __________.

  1. Glueck

  2. Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich

  3. George Terry

  4. Gay and Strake


Correct Option: C

Leadership is most often associated with the ability to.

  1. Communicate well with large groups of people

  2. Arrange activities that have to be performed in a systematic way

  3. Determine the most effective course of action

  4. Inspire other towards high levels of achievement


Correct Option: D

An individual most likely to engage in political behaviour would have all of the following except a/an?

  1. High need for power

  2. High ability to self monitor

  3. High charisma rating

  4. Internal locus of control


Correct Option: C

What is the best term to describe the process of attempting to influence other people to attain the organization's objectives?

  1. Planning

  2. Organizing

  3. Leading

  4. Controlling


Correct Option: C

The maximum years for which a person can be a managing director of a private limited company which is a subsidiary of a public ltd. Co. is _________________.

  1. 5 Years

  2. 10 Year

  3. Unlimited years

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A

Which of the following statements about how a leader functions in a holding environment is true?

  1. A leader sequences and prioritises tasks to minimise confusion and chaos

  2. A leader discourages people from complaining and being negative in order to fostial comfortable environment

  3. A leader strives to eliminate all stressors to improve his or her teams productivity

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is the most effective leadership style to use on a daily basis?

  1. Democratic

  2. Change style as needed

  3. Autocratic

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is a leaders most fundamental motivational tool?

  1. A clear vision of a better future

  2. A well-established rewards structure

  3. An ability to empathise with other peoples experience

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics?

  1. Split power

  2. Genuine

  3. Dictatorial leader

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Transformational leadership has which of the following characteristic?

  1. Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

  2. Seeks to involve staff in the decision-making process

  3. Employs a clear chain of command

  4. Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff


Correct Option: C

Which of these is not a principle of great man theory?

  1. A great leader is only great in certain situations

  2. Leaders are born not made

  3. Great men rise up in times of crisis

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is not a key component of Emotional Intelligence?

  1. Self-regulation

  2. Norms

  3. Motivation

  4. Social skill


Correct Option: B

This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders _________.

  1. managers maintain while leaders develop

  2. managers inspire while leaders control

  3. managers innovate while leaders administer

  4. managers originate while leaders imitate


Correct Option: A

Recognising and rewarding success form part of theprocess of motivating and inspiring.

  1. Leadership

  2. Management

  3. Negotiation

  4. Motivational


Correct Option: A

Soliciting input and discussing with a wide range of people falls under the domain of _______.

  1. leadership

  2. management

  3. negotiation

  4. motivation


Correct Option: A

Leadership is often associated more with _________.

  1. consistency

  2. planning

  3. paperwork

  4. change


Correct Option: D

Which of the following statements about Leaders versus Managers is false?

  1. Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not

  2. Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling

  3. Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do theright things

  4. Leaders develop, managers maintain


Correct Option: C

Emotional Intelligence __________.

  1. is genetic

  2. can be learned

  3. cannot be improved

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

Which relationship is focused by Expectancy Theory? 

  1. Effort-performance relationship

  2. Performance-reward relationship

  3. Rewards-personal needs relationship

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

Leadership theories that emphasise symbolism, emotional appeal, and extraordinary follower commitment, is termed as _____________.

  1. Neocharismatic Theories

  2. Contingency Theories

  3. Trait Theories

  4. Behavioural Theories


Correct Option: A

Theories that sought personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits that difference leaders from non-leaders, is known as ____________.

  1. Trait theories

  2. Behavioural theories

  3. Scandavian studies

  4. Contingency theories


Correct Option: A

____________ is the relationship in which one person influences others to work together willingly on a related task to attain goals devised by the leader and/or group.

  1. Manager

  2. Leadership

  3. Partnership

  4. Suppliers


Correct Option: B

Match List-I (Leadership Type) with List-II (Main Idea/Model) and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List-I (Leadership Type) List-II (Main idea/Model)
A. Participative 1. Vroom and Yetton's Normative Model
B. Contingency 2. The Managerial Grid
C. Behavioural  3. Likert's Leadership Style
D. Situational 4. Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) Theory
  1. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

  2. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

  3. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

  4. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1


Correct Option: D

Who among the following introduced the concepts and phrases "conflict resolution" "the task of leadership"?

  1. Henri Fayol

  2. Elton Mayo

  3. Mary Parker Follett

  4. Chester Barnard


Correct Option: C

3-D theory is related to ___________.

  1. role

  2. leadership

  3. motivation leadership

  4. personality


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

3-D theory is related to leadership. 3-D theory of leadership introduces a concept of situational demands which states the types of ways in which the leader must behave in order to perform in a most effective manner. 3-D theory of leadership is developed by Professor Bill Reddin.

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements, are known as ____________.

  1. Transactional leaders

  2. Transformational leaders

  3. Charismatic leaders

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Developing a detailed description of the tasks involved in a job, determining relationship of a given job to other Jobs and ascertaining the knowledge, skills, abilities necessary for an employee to perform the fob successfully is called ___________.

  1. Job analysis

  2. Job description

  3. Job specification

  4. Job information


Correct Option: A

Creating a miniature replica of a job to evaluate the performance abilities of job candidates is called _____________.

  1. Work sampling

  2. Assessment centers

  3. Performance simulation test

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Who proposed Cognitive Resource Theory?

  1. Fred Fiedler

  2. Joe Garcia

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. Jane Mouton


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Both Fred Fiedler and Joe Gracia proposed Cognitive Resource Theory. This cognitive theory basically focuses on the influence of the leader's intelligence on their reaction to stress. The Cognitive Resource Theory can be defined as a leadership theory related to industrial and organizational psychology.

An instrument in contingency model that purports to measure whether a person is task or relationship oriented is known as ___________.

  1. Fiedler contingency model

  2. least preferred co-worker questionnaire

  3. leader-member relationship

  4. consideration


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An instrument in contingency model that purports to measure whether a person is task or relationship oriented is known as least preferred co-worker questionnaire. In simple terms, a questionnaire that helps to measure whether a person is task or relationship oriented is known as least preferred or co-worker questionnaire.

Contingency approach to leadership focuses on which of the following?
1. Task requirements
2. Peers expectations
3. Employees expectations
4. Organisational policies
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. Only 1, 2 and 3

  2. Only 1, 2 and 4

  3. Only 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Contingency approach to leadership basically emphasizes the fact that effectiveness of leadership is dependent on matching a leader's style with the situation. Contingency approach to leadership focuses on the following:
1. Task requirements
2. Peers expectations
3. Employees expectations
4. Organizational policies

Leaders who show extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours __________________.

  1. Transactional leaders

  2. Transformational leaders

  3. Charismatic leaders

  4. Visionary leaders


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Leaders who show extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours are known as charismatic leaders. Generally charismatic leaders have extraordinarily skills in communication. Charismatic leaders motivate followers to get things done in an effective manner.

Which statement is true?
(1) Job analysis and job description are parts of job specification
(2) Leader is a leader is an example of The Great Man theory.
(3) The Managerial Grid's axis are divided into six units
(4) LMX theory stands for Leader-member exchange theory

  1. Only 1

  2. Both 1 and 2

  3. 1, 2 and 4

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

Development process is taken for.

  1. Middle and lower level people

  2. Manager & executives

  3. Debtors & creditors

  4. Chairman & Directors


Correct Option: B

When the personnel manager attempts to achieve and maintain good industrial relations in the organization. Such role of personnel manager can be classified as ______________.

  1. Advisory Role

  2. Linking Pin Role

  3. Leadership Role

  4. Welfare Role


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

When the personnel manager attempts to achieve and maintain good industrial relations in the organization. Such a role of personnel manager can be classified as Linking PIn role. Linking pin model presents an organization as a number of overlapping working units in which a member of a unit is the lead of another unit.  

Minor changes are usually introduced by the_____________.

  1. Executive in charge of the activities

  2. Top management

  3. Neither (A) nor (B)

  4. None of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Executive leadership is the ability of those who manage or direct employees in an organization to influence and guide these individuals. Those leading executive leadership processes typically oversee such business activities as fulfilling organizational goals, strategic planning development and overall decision making.

According to ______, "leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives".

  1. Koontz and O'Donnell

  2. Gray Desslor

  3. George R. Terry

  4. Lewin, Lippit & White


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 George R. Terry, defines management as a process consisting of planningorganizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources.

Lewin, Lippit and White conducted leadership studies in _____ based on three different styles autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire.

  1. 1939

  2. 1929

  3. 1949

  4. 1989


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Iowa Studies of leadership were carried out in the 1939's by LewinLippitt, and White, under the direction of Lewin.

Later on schoolchildren were assigned to one of three groups with an authoritarian, democratic or laissez-fair leader.

Which of the following statement  statements about leader ship is false?

  1. Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organization

  2. Not every leader is a manager

  3. When people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and defined

  4. All the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Leadership skills are an essential component in positioning executives to make thoughtful decisions about their organization's mission and goals, and properly allocate resources to achieve those directives. Valuable leadership skills include the ability to delegate, inspire and communicate effectively.

Infromal leadership is __________.

  1. Spontaneous

  2. Part of informal organization

  3. Neither (A) nor (B)

  4. Both (A) and (B)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Informal leadership is the ability of a person to influence the behavior of others by means other than formal authority conferred by the organization through its rules and procedures. Informal leadership is basically any type of leadership that is not based upon formal authority.

" Leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a specialized goal", This is stated by __________________.

  1. Koontz and O'Donnell

  2. Gray Desslor

  3. George R. Terry

  4. Lewin, Lippitt & White


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Harold Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell. Principles of management; An analysis of managerial functions. 1968; 1972. Management is defined here as the accomplishment of desired objectives by establishing an environment favorable to performance by people operating in organized groups.

Which of the following  statement is incorrect in relation to leadership?

  1. Leadership is dynamic and ever-evolving process;

  2. One who leads should not be a part of the group.

  3. Leadership involves directing, guiding and influencing the behavior of indviduals and groups

  4. It contemplates interpersonal influence and close man to man relationship


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations.

The Blake and Mouton Leadership (or Managerial) Grid uses two key dimensions in relation to management style;concern for _____ and concern for_____.

  1. People, targets

  2. Production, co-operation

  3. People, production

  4. Production, teamwork


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The managerial grid model (1964) is a style leadership model developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton. ... The resulting leadership styles are as follows: The indifferent (previously called impoverished) style: evade and elude. In this style, managers have low concern for both people and production.

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (9, 9) grid style of leadership also known as________.

  1. Team management

  2. Country club management

  3. Autocratic-task oriented

  4. Impoverished management


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Team management is the ability of an individual or an organization to administer and coordinate a group of individuals to perform a task. Team management involves teamwork, communication, objective setting and performance appraisals.

Certain closely related studies for analyzing leadership styles were made at _____ in the mid forties which identified two dimensions of leadership styles:' consideration' initiating structure.

  1. University of Michigan

  2. Ohio State University

  3. Oxford University

  4. London University


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Leadership analysis with a description of your current leadership position and its duties. Understand what leadership skills are expected of you, which, according to "Inc.," is the first step in analyzing and assessing your leadership. Use others' feedback.

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (1, 9) grid style of leadership also known as _________________.

  1. Middle of the road management

  2. Autocratic-task oriented

  3. Team management

  4. County club management


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Country Club Management High People/Low Results. The Country Club or "accommodating" style of manager is most concerned about her team members' needs and feelings. She assumes that, as long as they are happy and secure, they will work hard.

Under_____ of leadership, the leader uses his power very little giving subordinate's full freedom of action and independence for setting their goals and means of achieving them.This type of leaders depends heavily on subordinates.

  1. Free rein style

  2. Democratic style

  3. Laissez-faire

  4. (A) or (C)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

1- Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies. The phrase laissez-faire is part of a larger French phrase and translates to "let do", but in this context usually means "let go".

2-Free-rein Leadership StyleFree-rein leadership, also called Laissez-Faire, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. Mangers set objectives and employees are free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives.

According to psychologist Kurt Lewin, which of the following is not a stage in the change process____________.

  1. unfreezing

  2. mediating

  3. changing

  4. refreezing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are three basic styles of leadership decision-makingauthoritarian,democratic, and laissez-faire. Authoritarian leaders rule their groups, democratic leaders try to include everyone in the decision-making process, and laissez-faire leaders let the group function.

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (9, 1) grid style of leadership also known as__________.

  1. Autocratic-task oriented

  2. County club management

  3. Impoverished management

  4. Team management


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Relationship oriented leadership.Taskoriented (or task-focused) leadership is a behavioural approach in which the leader focuses on the tasks that need to be performed in order to meet certain goals, or to achieve a certain performance standard.

Blake and Jane Mouton suggested that_____ grid style of leadership is most effective.

  1. (1,9)

  2. (9, 1)

  3. (5, 5)

  4. (9, 9)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid. Definition: RobertBlake and Jane Mouton have developed the Managerial Grid, also called as a leadership grid. According to them, the leadership styles can be identified on the basis of manager's concern for people and production.

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (5, 5) grid style of leadership also known as___________.

  1. County club management

  2. Middle of the road management

  3. Impoverished management

  4. Team management


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Middle management is the intermediate management of a hierarchical organization that is subordinate to the executive management and responsible for at least two lower levels of junior staff.

As per Blake and Jane Mouton (1, 1) grid style of leadership also known as ________________.

  1. Autocratic-task oriented

  2. Country club management

  3. Impoverished management

  4. Team management


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Impoverished or "indifferent" manager is mostly ineffective. With a low regard for creating systems that get the job done, and with little interest in creating a satisfying or motivating team environment , his results are inevitably disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony.

Since leading people involves interpersonal relationships between the leaders and the followers, leader should always try to improve his attitude towards the led to become effective.

  1. True

  2. Partly true

  3. False

  4. None of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep, or close association or acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring.

In the Blake and Mouton Leadership gird, which management style has a low concern for people but a high concern for production?

  1. Country club

  2. Authority-compliance

  3. Impoverished

  4. Middle-of-the-road


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

authority-compliance people in this category believe that their team members are simply a means to an end. The team's needs are always secondary to its productivity.

On what belief are contingency theories of leadership based?

  1. That there is single style of leadership appropriate to all managers

  2. That there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all managers

  3. That there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situation.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Theories are commonly categorized by which aspect is believed to define the leader the most. The most widespread one's are: Great Man Theory, TraitTheory, Behavioural Theories, Contingency Theories, Transactional Theories and Transformational Theories.

Approaches to the study of leadership which emphasis the personality of the leader are termed as ______________.

  1. Inspirational theories

  2. Trait theories

  3. Group theories

  4. Contingency theories


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.

One contingency model of leadership is the path-goal theory. This suggests that an individual's motivation is dependent on __________________.

  1. Whether path-goal relationships are clarified

  2. Their effective performance

  3. The necessary direction, guidance, training and support being provided

  4. Expectation that increased efforts to achieve an improved level of performance will be successful


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Fiedler Contingency Model was created in the mid-1960s by Fred Fiedler, a scientist who studied the personality and characteristics of leaders. The model states that there is no one best style of leadership. Instead, a leader's effectiveness is based on the situation.

Leadership is situational _____________.

  1. True

  2. Partly true

  3. False

  4. None of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Situational leadership theory, or the situational leadership model, is a model by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, developed while working on Management of Organizational Behavior. The theory was first introduced as "life cycle theory of leadership.

According to which of the following management approaches, does managerial practice depend on circumstances?

  1. Systems Approach

  2. Contingency Approach

  3. Empirical Approach

  4. Human Relations Approach


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According contingency management approaches, does managerial practice depend on circumstances. The contingency approach of management can be defined as the style of management which states that there is no one universally applicable set of management principles to organization as management practices depends on situations. It is also known as situational approach of management.

The Managerial Grid, propounded by Blake and Mouton, is based on a manager's concern for people and concern for production. The most effective management style as characterized by the Managerial Grid is ______________.

  1. High concern for people and low concern for production

  2. High concern for people and high concern for production

  3. Low concern for people and high concern for production

  4. Low concern for people and low concern for production


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Managerial Grid, propounded by Blake and Mouton, is based on a manager's concern for people and concern for production. The most effective management style as characterized by the Managerial Grid is high concern for people and high concern for production. This model is regarded as a leadership model. The model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and concern for production.

laissez-faire means _________.

  1. The important feature of a creative work

  2. Without a day being appointed

  3. A policy of interference

  4. A policy of non-interference


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Laissez-faire means a policy of non-interference. Laissez-faire is a French word which means ' let people do as they choose'. It can be defined as a policy where things are left to take up their own course without interfering.

Which of the following statement is incorrect in relation to leadership?

  1. Leadership is dynamic and ever-evolving process; a manager must lead continuously.

  2. One who leads should not be a part of the group.

  3. Leadership involves directing, guiding and influencing the behaviour of individuals and group

  4. All of above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

One who leads should not be a part of the group- this statement is incorrect in relation to leadership. Leadership can be defined as a process of influencing the behaviour of people at work towards the realization of specific goal. The influence under leadership is always for the achievement of common goal.

_________state that "leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a specialized goal".

  1. Koontz and O'Donnell

  2. Gray Desslor

  3. George R. terry

  4. Lewin, Lippitt & white


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Koontz and O'Donnell state that " leadership is influencing people to  follow in the achievement of a specialized goal". Leadership can be defined as a process of influencing the behaviour of people at work towards the realization of specific goal. The influence under leadership is always for the achievement of common goal.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given:

List I List II
A. Ohio State University Study 1. Production centered and employee centered
B. University of Michigan study 2. Consideration and initiating structure
C. Likert's System Four 3. Country club, team manager. impoverished, task manager
D. Fiedler's Leadership Model 4. Exploitative authoritative, benevolent authoritative, consultative, participative
5. Leader-member relations, task structure, position power
  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 4, D - 5

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4

  3. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 5

  4. A - 5, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
List 1  List 2
 Ohio State University Study  Production centered and employee centered
 University of Michigan study  Consideration and initiating structure
 Likert's System Four  Exploitative authoritative, benevolent authoritative, consultative, participative
Likert's System Four
 Fiedler's Leadership Model  Leader-member relations, task structure, position power

Match the items of List-I with List-II and select the correct code:

List-I List-II
(a) Getting Effective Leadership in the Industrial Organization (i) Dale Yoder
(b) The Nature of Leadership Organization and Management (ii) Alford and Beatty
(c) Industrial Management (iii) Douglas McGregor
(d) Personnel Management (iv) Chester I. Bernard
  1. $(a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)$

  2. $(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)$

  3. $(a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)$

  4. $(a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)$


Correct Option: B

A leader who identifies what subordinates need to do to achieve objectives, clarifies organizational roles and tasks, sets up an organization structure, rewards performance and provide for the social needs of their followers, is __________.

  1. a transformational leader

  2. a participative leader

  3. a transactional leader

  4. an autocratic leader


Correct Option: C

Consider the following leadership styles:
1. Telling 2. Autocratic
3. Selling 4. Motivating
5. Participating 6. Delegating
7. Charismatic
Select the four styles of leadership explained by Hersey and Blauchard.

  1. $1, 2, 6$ and $7$

  2. $2, 3, 4$ and $5$

  3. $1, 3, 5$ and $6$

  4. $4, 5, 6$ and $7$


Correct Option: C

Blake and Mouton`s managerial Grid has all of the following management styles except ________.

  1. impoverished

  2. democratic

  3. authority-obedience

  4. country club


Correct Option: B
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