0

Hormones - class-XI

Attempted 0/84 Correct 0 Score 0

Which of the following hormones does not have a particular target organ in the body?

  1. Growth hormone

  2. TSH

  3. Oxytocin

  4. FSH


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary has a widespread effect in the body. It stimulates growth of various body cells, promotes protein anabolism, absorption of calcium from bowel and conversion of glycogen to glucose.

____________ acts a transporter of hormones in animals.

  1. Spinal fluid

  2. Blood

  3. Cell

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Blood is the medium of transport of animal hormones. The tissues that produce the hormones are known as the effectors while those tissues that are influenced by the effectors are called targets. Hormones are of low molecular weight and they diffuse readily. 
  • The effects brought about by the hormones are not permanent as they get readily oxidized. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Chemically hormones are 

  1. Biogenic amines

  2. Proteins, steroids and biogenic amines

  3. Proteins only

  4. Steroids only


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hormones are a diverse group of biochemicals, which perform a variety of roles in biological systems. Hormones are produced in endocrine glands. Hormones are responsible for maintenance of internal balance and developmental changes in the animal body. 

Chemically, hormones may be peptide (e.g., insulin), amines (e.g., catecholamines), proteins (e.g., growth hormone), steroid hormones (e.g., androgens). 

Ecdysone is secreted by

  1. Prothoracic gland

  2. Corpora allata

  3. Corpora cardiaca

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Insects go through a process of moulting during their life cycle. The process is controlled by hormones like moulting hormone and juvenile hormones. Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands. Insect molting hormones (ecdysone and its homologues) are generally called as ecdysteroids.

Hormones are

  1. Produced in low amount

  2. Sometimes diffusible

  3. Non-antigenic

  4. All of the above

  5. Both A and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hormones are powerful. It takes only a tiny amount to cause big changes in cells or even whole body. Hormones are chemicals produced by special cells in glands and other organs of the body; most hormones are produced by cells in the endocrine glands. These hormones, which are produced in very small amounts, are released into the bloodstream and travel to the target organ or tissue where they exert their effect. That is why too much or too little of a certain hormone can be serious. Not all the hormones are easily diffusible. Among the diffusible lipid-soluble molecules are steroid hormones. Hormones are nonantigenic that is no antibody formation occurs against hormones.

Hormones are

  1. Internal secretion mostly discharged in the blood by endocrine glands

  2. Secretion of endocrine glands

  3. Chemical substances secreted into the gut

  4. Inorganic catalysts


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hormones are special chemical messengers in the body that are created in the endocrine glands like Thyroid gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin. 

Hormones are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

A hormone is

  1. An enzyme

  2. A chemical messenger

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hormone is a chemical messenger produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. Hormones are secreted from the endocrine glands in the body. The glands are ductless, so hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream. 

Which of the following is a hormone?

  1. Vitamin D

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Adrenaline

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Vitamin D is a hormone produced by the kidneys that help to control the concentration of calcium in the blood and is vital for the development of strong bones. Thyroxine, also called as 3,5,3,5-tetraiodothyronine, or $T _ 4$, is one of the two major hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands.

Which one of the following flows directly into blood from the site of its production to act on an organ away from it?

  1. Enzyme

  2. Hormone

  3. Blood

  4. Lymph


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids, such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. Usually, it is a class of signaling molecules, produced by glands in multicellular organisms, that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

Which of the following has no connection with secretion of hormones?

  1. Rickets and mongolism

  2. Diabetes mellitus and cretinism

  3. Gigantism and exophthalmia

  4. Cretinism and diabetes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rickets is defective mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphyseal closure in immature mammals due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, leading to fractures and deformity. 

Down syndrome, trisomy 21 or the older term mongolism is a condition in which a person is born with certain distinctive features: flat face, short neck and a degree of mental delay (mental retardation). It is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra third copy of chromosome 21.

Which of the following is first aid hormone? 

  1. Vitamin D

  2. Catecholamines

  3. Kinins

  4. Thymosin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The local hormones are known as kinins, which are released to overcome changes in body tissues. Kinins help in vasodilation and increase blood supply to the affected part, causing a mild local pain. Thus, they act as the first aid of the body. The sensation of pain at the time of stinging by a poisonous insect, burning or internal injury is due to kinins. So, they are called, first aid hormones.

Match the list I with list II and choose the correct option.

   List I    List II
 A  Oxytocin  1  Milk ejection hormone
 B  Glucagon   2  Increase in heart rate
 C  Adrenaline  3  Increases blood glucose
 D  Thyroxine  4  Controls BMR
  1. A- 1, B- 3, C- 2, D- 4

  2. A- 2, B- 3, C- 4, D- 1

  3. A-3, B- 4, C- 2, D- 1

  4. A- 4, B- 2, C- 1, D- 3 


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Oxytocin - Milk ejection hormone
Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain.
In women, it is released mainly after distension of the cervix and vagina during labor, and after stimulation of the nipples, facilitating birth and breastfeeding, respectively.
Glucagon - Increases blood glucose
Glucagon strongly opposes the action of insulin; it raises the concentration of glucose in the blood by promoting glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of glycogen (the form in which glucose is stored in the liver), and by stimulating gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose.
Adrenaline - Increase in heart rate
Epinephrine, more commonly known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Strong emotions such as fear or anger cause epinephrine to be released into the bloodstream, which causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism.
Thyroxine - Controls BMR
Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It is the inactive form and most of it is converted to an active form called triiodothyronine by organs such as the liver and kidneys.
Thyroid hormones play vital roles in regulating the body’s metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Pheromones when secreted upon the skin surface, its odour generally affect 

  1. Skin colour

  2. Genitalia

  3. Breast

  4. Mutual behaviour of members of a species


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Pheromones are the chemicals or compounds which have peculiar odour. These are secreted and released by the organisms with the help of glands present on the skin surface at various locations. These pheromones have odour which help in attracting the other member of the same species. The pheromone initiates a neuronal response and there is change in the physiolodical behaviour of the organism. There are various forms of pheromones like alarm pheromeones, food trail phereomeones and sex phereomones.

So, the correct answer is option D. 

Which one of the following does not match in biological category of chemical substance?

  1. Gastrin

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Creatinine


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The chemical substances that are secreted by cells/tissues or glands are categorised as biological substances. It includes digestive juices, hormones and other secretions. Gastrin, thyroxin and oxytocin are the hormones secreted by stomach, thyroid gland and posterior pituitary respectively. These are biochemical substances. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate and does not fall under the biological category of chemical substances. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Which of the following hormones regulate growth and metamorphosis in insects?

  1. Juvenile hormone

  2. Brain hormone

  3. Ecdyson

  4. Prothoracicotropic hormone


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Juvenile hormone (JH), produced by the corpora allata, regulates two important processes in insects. The first is development; as an insect develops, the degree juvenility of the next stage is determined by the amount of JH in the blood; the lower the JH, the more adult the next stage. The other function of JH is, in many insects, to regulate the production of eggs in the female's ovaries. Because mating behavior is often synchronized with the ovarian cycle, the mating behaviour and pheromone production to be linked with JH.

Mark the correct statement

  1. Hormones secreted by the endocrine system have to be carried throughout the body by the circulating fluid

  2. All the extra substance in the body are removed by excretory system

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Both statements are true so (c) will be the correct answer. All the extra water, excess salts and the nitrogenous wastes such as Urea have to be sent to the excretory system to be thrown out of the body.

Hormones are also known as 

  1. Impetus

  2. Basics

  3. Acids

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • A hormone is derived from Greek"impetus" which is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism.
  •  Hormones in animals are often transported in the blood.
  •  Cells respond to a hormone when they express a specific receptor for that hormone. Hence, Hormones are also known as Impetus. 
  •  So, the correct answer is 'Impetus'.

Hormones help the body to cope up with _______

  1. Stress

  2. Trauma

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chemically, hormones may be proteins, polypeptide's, amino acid derivatives or steroids. They help the body to cope up with infections, stress. trauma, starvation and extreme temperatures.

Chemically, hormones are

  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Proteins

  3. Steroids

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Hormones have diverse chemical structures, mainly of three classes: eicosanoids, steroids, and amino acid/protein derivatives (amines, peptides, and proteins). 
  • The glands that secrete hormones comprise the endocrine signalling system. The term hormone is sometimes extended to include chemicals produced by cells that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signalling) or nearby cells (paracrine signalling). Hence, Chemically, hormones are Proteins and Steroids.
 So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Hormones differ from enzymes in the respect that they

  1. Are found only in animals

  2. Are found only in plants

  3. Are used completely in metabolism

  4. Are not used up in metabolism


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Hormones are derivative of protein, amino acids, and steroids. Hormones are the chemical messenger that provide signals to the cell for performing the particular function. Hormones are used up completely in the metabolism.
  • Enzymes are the catalyst, which enhances the biochemical reactions. Enzymes act at the place where they are formed. And enzymes do not get used up in the reaction. Hence, Hormones differ from enzymes in the respect that they are used completely in metabolism.
 So, the correct answer is 'Are used completely in metabolism'.


Which of these properties are not present in hormones?

  1. They can easily diffuse through membranes.

  2. They are specific in their action.

  3. They are never stored in body and synthesized at once.

  4. They have a high molecular weight and not found in plants.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • A hormone may be defined as a specific product (organic substance) of an endocrine gland secreted into the blood which carries it to a specific part of the body where it produces a definite physiological effect. 
  • Hormones exert their effects not where they are locally produced, but on other tissues of the body. And never stored in the body and synthesized at once.  Hence,  They have a high molecular weight and not found in plants is not the property of hormones.
 So, the correct answer is 'They have a high molecular weight and not found in plants'.

Hormones affect distant cells by controlling .......... proteins.

  1. Acceptor

  2. Receptor

  3. Basic

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • A hormone receptor is a receptor molecule that binds to a specific hormone.
  • Hormone receptors are a wide family of proteins made up of receptors for thyroid and steroid hormones, retinoids and Vitamin D, and a variety of other receptors for various ligands, such as fatty acids and prostaglandins. Hence, Hormones affect distant cells by controlling Receptor proteins.  
 So, the correct answer is 'Receptor'.

A hormonal controls is ________

  1. Voluntary

  2. Involuntary

  3. Voluntary and involuntary both

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A hormonal control is always involuntary. We cannot control its action by our wish. Eg$:$ Growth of height of an individual.

FSH and LH hormones together are called

  1. Emergency hormones

  2. Gonadotropic hormones

  3. Neurohormones

  4. Outstress hormones


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

FSH and LH are collectively known as gonadotropic hormone because they regulate the growth and functioning of gonads.

Which of the following hormones is known to have calorigenic effect?

  1. $T _1$ & $T _1$

  2. TCT

  3. PTH

  4. Calcitriol


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The calorigenic effect is a result of the increased metabolic rate and increased oxygen consumption by cells. When the metabolic rate increases, more heat is generated.T1 and T1 are hormones that have a calorigenic effect.

So, the correct option is 'T1 and T1'.

The secretion of following anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by hypothalamus

  1. Thyrotropin (TSH) and cortisol

  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone

  3. Corticotropin (ACTH), growth hormone and

    vasopressin

  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH), corticotropin (ACTH) and

    thyrotropin (TSH)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hypothalamus secretes both releasing and inhibitory hormones controlling the secretion of some anterior pituitary hormones(LH, ACTH, and TSH etc.)

Which group of hormones is natural?

  1. IAA, IBA, NAA

  2. IAA, $GA _3$, ABA

  3. $2, 4$-D, Kinetin, ABA

  4. $GA _3$, Zeatin, NAA


Correct Option: B

Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Which is the correct location of these receptors in case of protein hormones?

  1. Extracellular matrix

  2. Blood

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Nucleus


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones of protein nature binds to specific receptor molecules located on the plasma membrane to form the hormone receptor complex.

Hormone produced due to the effect of dietary lipids in the chyme, causes.

  1. Relaxation of gall bladder

  2. Secretion of water, bicarbonate ions

  3. Inhibits gastro intestinal motility

  4. Constraction of sphincter of Oddi


Correct Option: A

Which of these functions hormones perform in our body?

  1. Regulation of cellular activities and influencing growth

  2. Regulation of intermediary metabolism

  3. Maintenance of homoeostasis

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • The functions of Hormones are : 
1. Hormones are produced by a specialized gland and are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
 2. Hormones are transported by the bloodstream from the endocrine cells to serve as ‘chemi­cal messenger’ which act on target cells or organs by regulating the rates of specific metabolic reactions. 
3. Hormones exert their effects not where they are locally produced, but on other tissues of the body. 
4. Hormones are required in very small amounts and their effect may be excitatory or inhibitory depending upon their concentration and the physiological state of the responding tissue. Hence, Regulation of cellular activities and influencing growth, Regulation of intermediary metabolism and Maintenance of homoeostasis are the functions hormones perform in our body. 
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to

  1. Hyposecretion

  2. Hyperscretion

  3. Sweating

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  •  Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to Hyposecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyposecretion'.

Which of the following is known as chemical messenger?

  1. Hormone

  2. Enzyme

  3. Colostrum

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Hormones are the chemical substances that are secreted in the body by the endocrine glands. They are known as body's chemical messengers.
B. Enzymes are colloidal macromolecules that are water soluble and partially or wholly proteinaceous in nature.
C. Colostrum is a form of milk produced from mammary glands in mammals.
So, the correct answer is 'Hormone'.

Enzymes, vitamins and hormones are common in

  1. Being proteinaceous

  2. Being synthesised in the body organisms

  3. Enhancing oxidative metabolism

  4. Regulating metabolism


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Feedback inhibition is the process by where the end product terminates the reaction. The accumulation of the end product interferes with the enzymatic activity by changing the shape of its active site. Enzymes and hormones regulate the metabolism by feedback inhibition.
Enzymes are protein in nature and catalyzes the biological reaction without being used up in the chemical reaction. They regulate the chemical reaction by feedback inhibition. 
Hormones are the chemical messenger which activates the effector gland and regulate the metabolism by feedback inhibition.
Vitamins acts as a coenzymes which regulates the enzymatic activity and further regulate the metabolism.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the statements given below are correct 
I) Hormones are non-nutrient chemical 
II) Hormones act as intracellular chemicals
III) Hormones are produced in moderate quantity
IV) Hormones may be proteins, steroids , glycoproteins or biogenic amines

  1. I and II

  2. II and III

  3. III and IV

  4. I and IV


Correct Option: A

Hormones are non-nutrients chemicals which act as .............. messengers and are produced in ........... amount.

  1. Intracellular, large

  2. Intercellular, large

  3. Intracellular, small

  4. Intercellular, trace


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount. They are released from the ductless glands called as endocrine glands. They affect the activity of another part of the body called as target site. They are not stored in the body.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Intercellular, trace.'

Read the given paragraph and select the option that correctly fills the blanks in it.
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific ______A called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need ___B receptor that generate ___C messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. ____D soluble hormones can pass through cell membrane and bind to ______E receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone receptors complex enter the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome.

  1. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular

  2. A-lipids, B-membrane bound, C-second, D-water, E-intracellular

  3. A-proteins, B-intracellular, C-second, D-lipid, E-extra cellular

  4. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C-primary, D-lipid, E-intracellular


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need membrane-bound receptors that generate second messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. Lipid soluble hormones can pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by an interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome.
Thus, the correct answer is 'A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular.'

One of the following hormone is different from the other three regarding their solubility.

  1. Epinephrine

  2. Aldosterone

  3. Steroid hormones

  4. Iodothyronines


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hormones can be classified based on their solubility into hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones. Hydrophilic hormones are soluble in water. They are mostly amino-based proteins. Examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin. Lipophilic hormones are soluble in lipids. They are steroids and thyroxine. Examples includes aldosterone, steroid hormones, iodothyronines.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Epinephrine.'

Hormones "obey" the commands like "enough, slow down or "two little, speed up".

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hormones are poured directly into blood the bloodstream and control physiological processes by chemical means. Their action depends on the feedback mechanism. 
So, the correct answer is 'False'

Which one of the following act as vasodilator?

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Angiotensin II

  3. Renin

  4. Atrial natriuretic factor


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Atrial natriuretic factor cause dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the efferent arterioles leading to a primary increase in GFR.

So the correct answer is 'Atrial natriuretic factor'.

How many of these hormones are water soluble ? Thyroxine, Epinephrine, Nor-epinephrine , Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone, Thymosin, Melatonin, Calcitonin

  1. 5

  2. 4

  3. 6

  4. 9


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Water-soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides. Receptors for peptide hormones are located on the plasma membrane because they have bound to a receptor protein located on the plasma membrane.
  • Thyroxine, Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone are lipid soluble hormones.
  • Epinephrine, Non-epinephrine, Thymosin, Melatonin and Calcitonin are water-soluble hormones.
Hence, the correct answer is '5'.

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults leads to

  1. acromegaly

  2. goitre

  3. gigantism

  4. dwarfism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Overproduction of growth hormone causes excessive growth. In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly. Overproduction of growth hormone is almost always caused by a noncancerous (benign) pituitary tumor (adenoma). 

So, the correct option is 'acromegaly'.

Which one of the following statements is correct ? 

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are the two major parts of the nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system is further divided into two types- the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 
  1. The somatic system controls the sense organs and voluntary muscles. 
  2. The autonomic nervous system controls the internal organs and regulates the secretion from the endocrine glands of the body. 
  • Hence, the nervous system is capable of controlling the endocrine glands, but the endocrine glands cannot regulate the functioning of the nervous system.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa'.

Which of the following is the correct function of endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination?

  1. Provides neural integration through hormones

  2. Provides chemical integration through hormones

  3. Provides an organised network of point to point connections for a quick coordination

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
  • Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. 
  • Hence Provides chemical integration through hormones is the correct function of the endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Provides chemical integration through hormones '.

Which of the following are correct.

a) Neural coordination is fast but short-lived. 

b) Secretions of the ductless gland are messengers. 

c) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

d) Hormones act as intracellular messengers.

e) Chemical messengers produced in large amounts.

  1. a, b, and d

  2. b, c, and d

  3. a, b, and c

  4. a, b, c, and d


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\Rightarrow$ Properties of Hormones

$\bullet$ Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount.
$\bullet$ Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they do have effects on growth differentiation.
$\bullet$ They may accelerate or inhibit a specific physiological process.
$\bullet$ Hormones are often used up in their regulatory action.

Given is an incomplete table on hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each human body. Identify the option representing correct grouping of hormone its gland and effect.

Gland Secretion Effect on body
A Oestrogen Maintenance of secondary sexual characters
Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans B Raises blood sugar level
Anterior pituitary C Over secretion leads to gigantism


  1. A- ovary, B-glucagon, C-growth hormone

  2. A-placenta, B-insulin, C-vasopressin

  3. A-ovary, B-insulin, C-calcitonin

  4. A-placenta, B-glucagon, C-calcitonin


Correct Option: A

Which of the following hormone functions through generating second messengers ?

  1. lodothyroglobulin

  2. Estrogen

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Estradiole


Correct Option: A

How many of the following hormones have nuclear receptors?
Thyroxine, Catecholamines, Cortisol, Cholecystokinin, Growth hormone.

  1. $2$

  2. $3$

  3. $4$

  4. $5$


Correct Option: A

Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Their specificity is due to the presence of signal receiving receptors only in the respective target tissues. Where are these receptors present in case of hormones of protein nature?

  1. Extra cellular matrix

  2. Blood

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Nucleus


Correct Option: A

Hormones involved in maintaining $Ca^{2+}$ balance in human body includes all except

  1. cortisol

  2. aldosterone

  3. Parathormone

  4. thyrocalcitonin


Correct Option: A

I. Insulin 
II. Epinephrine 
III.Oestradiol
IV.Norepinephrine
V.Testosterone
VI.Glucagon
Which of the above hormones are amino acid derivatives?

  1. I and II

  2. III and IV

  3. V and VI

  4. II and IV


Correct Option: A

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

  1. Glucagon is secreted by $\beta$-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

  2. Secretion of thymosin's is stimulated with aging

  3. In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

  4. FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone


Correct Option: A

Which hormone inhibit morphogenesis?

  1. ABA

  2. 2, 4-D

  3. Jasmonic acid

  4. IBA


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to promote abscission and dormancy, to inhibit cell elongation and to be involved in several hormones mediated plant responses
  • ABA inhibits seed germination.It also inhibits morphogenesis(It is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape).
  • So, the correct answer is 'ABA'.

Acetylcholine can be hydrolysed into 

  1. Acetic acid

  2. Choline

  3. Dopamine

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D

The tissues influenced by a specific hormone are referred to as its

  1. Controlled centres

  2. Substrates

  3. Target tissues

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones are chemically diverse group of molecules produced in endocrine glands. The secretions of these glands are not conducted through special ducts but are just poured into circulating blood. Specific organs also called as target tissues have special receptors on their cell surface, which binds to specific hormones. Those tissues which do not have receptors for a particular hormone will not respond to that hormone.

The effect of different hormones on the body can be best said to bring about

  1. Stimulation of organs

  2. Release of inherent capacities

  3. Proper growth

  4. Co-ordination of functions


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hormones are our body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including- growth and development, metabolism that derives energy from the foods we eat, sexual function, reproduction, mood. All of these is achieved by coordination of functions. Thus, answer is- 'co-ordination of functions'.

Excess of hormones is caused due to

  1. Hypersecretion

  2. Hyposecretion

  3. Endosecretion

  4. Exosecretion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Hypersecretion means excessive production of a bodily secretion. 
  • Hypersecretion - too much of any hormone in the body is caused by a secretory pituitary tumour. Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Excess of hormones is caused due to Hypersecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypersecretion'.

Term 'hormone' was coined by

  1. W. M. Bayliss

  2. E. H. Schally

  3. E. H. Starling

  4. G. W. Harris


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The word "hormone" was coined by the English physiologist Ernest H. Starling in connection with the discovery of secretin, the first hormone, in 1902.

Which of the following best describes hormones?

  1. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them.

  2. Hormones are stable, long-lasting chemicals released from gland.

  3. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.

  4. All hormones are lipid-soluble.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A hormone is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or an organ of the body exhibiting an endocrine function. The blood carries the hormone to every cell in the body, but only the target cells for a given hormone can respond to it. Thus Hormones are stable, long lasting chemicals released from glands.

Which of the following is not necessarily a property of all hormones?

  1. Information carrying

  2. Secreted in low amounts

  3. Short half-life

  4. Protein in nature


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones. They are biochemical messengers, secreted in very low amounts with considerably small half - life.

I am secretions of endocrine glands. Chemically I maybe steroids, proteins or amino acid derivatives. I am transported by blood to the reaction site. I may accelerate or inhibit specific activity. My action may be slow or quick
Who am I?

  1. Hormone

  2. Digestive juice

  3. Enzyme

  4. Water


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism by glands and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Hormones may be

  1. Steriods

  2. Peptides

  3. Amino acid derivatives

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol. They are in the form of lipids. For example, aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone etc.
B. Peptide hormones are the proteinaceous hormones. For example, insulin, glucagon, relaxin etc.
C. Amino acid derivatives are the hormones that contain amino acids. For example, thyroxine secreted from thyroid gland contains tyrosine amino acid.
Hence, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Hypersecretion of GH from pituitary in the adult causes a
disease called

  1. Gigantism

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. Addison's disease


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hypersecretion of growth hormones or catastrophic hormone during adulthood causes acromegaly. Acromegaly patient has a gorilla like appearance with huge hands and legs.

An organ where a hormone shows its effect is called

  1. Effector

  2. Target

  3. Initiator

  4. Terminator


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands in the blood from where they are carried to their target organs. The target organs are the organs where these hormones act and show their effect. Target organs have receptors for specific hormones where the hormones bind and cause changes in the functioning and regulation of that particular target organ. On the other hand, the organs which respond to any nerve stimulus are called effector organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Target'.

Hormone term was coined in 1905 by

  1. E.H. Starling

  2. G.W. Harris

  3. E.H. Schally

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  •  E.H. Starling in 1905 discovered a signalling molecule or chemical secretin, from pancreatic secretions and named this signalling molecule as hormone.
  •  G.W. Harris is known as the father of neuroendocrinology. He worked on the neural control of endocrine system
So, the correct answer is 'E.H. Starling'.

Which of the following hormones regulate growth and metarnorphosis in insect?

  1. Juvenile hormone

  2. Brain hormone

  3. Ecdysone

  4. Prothoracicotropic


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose?

  1. Insulin

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Glucagon

  4. Thyroxine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A.Insulin – hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

B.Adrenaline – hormone increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).

C.Glucagon - The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of insulin (and indirectly glucose) in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. High blood-glucose levels, on the other hand, stimulate the release of insulin.

D.Thyroxine - It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.

So, the correct option is ‘Insulin’.

In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of

  1. progesterones

  2. milk

  3. mucus in the digestive tract

  4. digestive enzymes in the small intestine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
(A) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures which store milk) and milk secretion.
(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Mucus in the digestive tract helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.
(D) Digestive enzymes in small intestine such as chymotrypsinogen, amylases, lipases, and nucleases. Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin, which in turn activates the other enzymes in the pancreatic juice.
So the correct option is milk.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormone initiates secretion of milk?

  1. Prolactin

  2. Luteinizing hormone

  3. Somatotrophic hormone

  4. Progesterone


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 

(B) Leutinizing hormone stimulates gonadal activity and hence are called gonadotropin.
(C) Somatotrophic hormone or Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction etc.
(D) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands.
So the correct answer is prolactin.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action?

  1. Oxytocinstimulates uterine contraction in childbirth

  2. Thyroxinestimulates metabolic processes

  3. Insulinstimulates glycogen breakdown in liver

  4. ACTHstimulates release of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(A) Oxytocin initiates vigorous uterine contractions in females at the time of the childbirth, milk secretion by mammary glands, contraction of smooth muscles.

(B) Thyroxine is primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism.
(C) Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis).
(D) ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids. 
So the correct answer is insulin stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
One of the chief differences between pheromones and local hormones is:

  1. the distance over which they act

  2. that one is a chemical messenger and the other is not

  3. that one is made by invertebrates and the other is made by vertebrates

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Local hormones - A number of hormones are secreted by the cells but not in glands and widely dispersed in the body are called local hormones. Example are histamine, prostaglandins, etc.

Pheromones are chemicals used for communication amongst the organism of the same species. 
So the correct answer is the distance over which they act. 

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which hormone stimulates secretion of milk in mammary glands?

  1. TSH

  2. Prolactin

  3. Vasopressin

  4. Thyroxine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

(A) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes growth and function if thyroid gland. 

(B) Prolactin hormone stimulates lactation (milk production) and has a direct effect on the breasts immediately after parturition.
(C) Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduce the loss of water through urine (diuresis). 
(D) Thyroxine is primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism.
So the correct answer is vasopressin.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not an accurate statement about hormones?

  1. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system

  2. Hormones often regulate .homeostasis through antagonistic functions

  3. Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same general function

  4. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones are nonnutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts. All hormones produce their specific effects on target tissue/cells by binding to the specific proteins called as hormone receptors. The normal functioning of endocrine glands and the level of hormones in the body needs to be regulated. This is possible through a feedback mechanism.

So the correct answer is hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same general function.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Second messengers include:

  1. steroid hormones

  2. cyclic AMP

  3. protein hormones

  4. both (a) and (b)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers (eg, cyclic AMP, IP3, Calcium Ions etc) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism. Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors (eg, steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc) mostly regulate gene expressions or chromosome function by the interaction of hormone receptor complex with the genome. 

So the correct answer is cyclic AMP.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which organ does not synthesize hormones?

  1. Heart

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Anterior pituitary

  4. Pineal gland


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endocrine gland lack ducts and are called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones. Adrenal cortex secrets many hormones commonly called as corticoids. Anterior pituitary secretes many hormones such as GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH etc. The pineal gland secretes three hormones namely, melatonin, serotonin, adrenoglomerulotropin.

So the correct answer is the heart. 

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Human sex hormones are classified as:

  1. amino acids

  2. lipids

  3. triacyiglycerols

  4. proteins


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Human sex hormone is steroid hormones. The natural steroid hormones are generally synthesized from cholesterol in the gonads and adrenal glands. These forms of hormones are lipids. 

So the correct answer is lipids.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormones is called an antidiuretic hormone?

  1. Glucagon

  2. Prolactin

  3. Vasopressin

  4. Cortisone


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(A) Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts mainly at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduce the loss of water through urine (diuresis). 
(D) Cortisone is the main glucocorticoid.
So the correct answer is vasopressin.

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

  1. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

  2. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

  3. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

  4. Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver to not produce any hormone


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The endocrine system consists of organ, tissue and cells that produce a small amount of non-nutrient chemicals which sends signals to other cells or acts as an intercellular messenger. These chemicals are known as hormones which are transported to their target site through blood.

So the correct answer is 'Non-Nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that acts as intercellular messenger are known as hormones'.

Match the following


Sr No Column A Sr.no Column B
A. ADH 1. Pituitary
B. ACTH 2. Vasodilator
C. Insulin 3. Diabetes mellitus 
D. Adrenaline 4. Diabetes insipidus
   

  1. A=1,B=4,C=2,D=3

  2. A=4,B=2,C=1,D=3

  3. A=4,B=1,C=2,D=3

  4. A=4,B=1,C=3,D=2


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
 A.  ADH  ADH in the hypothalamus stores the hormone in the pituitary gland, a small gland located in the base of the brain. ADH is released into your bloodstream when your body starts to become dehydrated. ADH then concentrates the urine by triggering the kidney tubules to release water back into your bloodstream rather than excreting as much water into your urine. Disruption of this process causes Diabetes insipidusSo the correct option is 'Diabetes insipidus'
 B.  ACTH  Adrenocorticotropic hormone is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress.So the correction option is 'pituitary'
 C.  Insulin  Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps the body store and use glucose. Insulin is responsible for delivering that glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, liver, and most other cells of the body use it for as a fuel. Improper secretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.So the correct option is 'diabetes mellitus'
D Adrenaline Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. Key actions of adrenaline include increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels.So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'
   

Which of the following statements regarding hormones is incorrect?

  1. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messengers

  2. Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces

  3. Hormones provide energy and also effect growth and metabolic activities of target cell

  4. Many hormones are produced in inactive form


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they effect growth, differentiation and metabolic activities of their target cell.

Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some proteins function as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins perform
  1. antibiotics

  2. pigment conferring colour to skin

  3. pigment making colours of flowers

  4. hormones


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Most of the body functions are regulated by hormones like growth, vegetative and sexual development, thermal regulation, cellular oxidation, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. Hormones are needed in very small quantity to carry out these functions. Some hormones are proteinaceous eg: insulin (regulates sugar metabolism), growth hormone of pituitary, parathyroid hormone parathormone (regulates calcium and phosphate transport).

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not involved in calcium metabolism?

  1. Calmodulin

  2. Calcitonin

  3. Parathyroid hormone

  4. Atrial natriuretic factor


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

(A)Calmodulin is a multifunctional intermediate calcium binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is an intracellular target of the secondary messenger Ca2+, and the binding of Ca2+ is required for the activation of calmodulin. 

(B) Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone. This is secreted by the C-cells in the thyroid gland. It acts on bone and the kidney to reduce the blood calcium level. It reduces the reabsorption of calcium from bones and inhibits reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules.
(C) The parathyroid gland secretes a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increase calcium absorption from the digested food.
(D) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is released when there is an increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart. ANF can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease the blood pressure. ANF mechanism, therefore, acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
So the correct answer is the Atrial Natriuretic Factor. 

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Steroid hormones mediate their action by:

  1. activating adenylate cydase

  2. activating gene expression

  3. binding to the surface membrane of the cells

  4. inhibiting an enzyme


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones do not bind to the cell surface receptors. Being lipid soluble, these are able to enter the cells and their nuclei and influence the gene action. The hormone binds to the receptors forming a hormone-receptor complex. It binds to the transcription factors that in turn to DNA and a particular gene is activated. Their transcription leads to the synthesis of a specific protein to influence the metabolism of the recipient cell. Thus, the peptide hormones activate existing enzymes in the cell while steroid hormones bring about the synthesis of new enzymes.

So the correct answer is activating gene expression.

Which of these is a correct statement? 

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity but not vice versa.

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor neurons control endocrine activity.

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Nervous system is a coordinated network of nerve cells and fibres by which nerve impulses are transmitted throughout the body.
  • Endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones.
In our body, nervous system and endocrine system jointly integrate all the activities as nervous system directs endocrine system to secrete hormones that act on the target organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.'.

Consider the following statements (a-d) and select the option which includes the correct ones only.
(a) The thyroid hormone plays an important role in the maintenance of the basal metabolic rate & erythropoiesis.
(b) Glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory reactions by suppressing the immune system and promote erythropoiesis.
(c) Androgens promote development, maturation & function of the male sex organs as well as erythropoiesis.
(d) The gastrointestinal tract not only secretes gastric inhibitory peptide but also promotes the formation of RBCs.

  1. 4

  2. 3

  3. 2

  4. 1


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In the given question, all the statements are correct as they all mention the correct function and effect of their respective hormones.
So, the correct answer is '4'.
- Hide questions