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Closing stock - class-XI

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Economic order quantity is that quantity at which cost of holding and carrying inventory is ________________.

  1. Maximum and equal

  2. Minimum and equal

  3. It can be maximum or minimum depending upon case to case

  4. Minimum and unequal


Correct Option: B

If a venturer draws a bill on his co-venturer and if the drawer discounts the bill with same sets of books maintained, the discounting charges will be borne by _______________.

  1. The drawer of the bill

  2. The drawee of the bill

  3. The discounting charges will be debited in the joint venture A/c

  4. The discounting charges will be borne by bank


Correct Option: C

A purchased goods costing 45,000. B sold goods costing Rs. 40,000 at Rs. 50,000. Balance goods were taken over by A at same gross profit percentage as in case of sale. The amount of goods taken over will be ________.

  1. Rs. 6,250

  2. Rs. 5,000

  3. Rs. 6,000

  4. Rs. 10,000


Correct Option: A

A and B enter into a joint venture sharing profits and losses equally. A provides goods from his stock Rs. 10,000. He pays expenses amounting to Rs 1000. B incurs further expenses on carriage Rs. 2,000. He receives cash for sales Rs. 15,000. He also takes over goods to the value of Rs. 3,000. What will be the amount to be remitted by B to A Rs.

  1. Rs. 13,500

  2. Rs. 15,000

  3. Rs. 11,000

  4. Rs. 10,000


Correct Option: A

M and N enter into a joint venture where M supplies goods worth Rs. 6,000 and spends Rs. 300 on various expenses. N sells the entire lot for Rs. 7,800 meeting selling expenses amounting to Rs. 300. Profit sharing ratio equal. N remits to M the amount due. The amount of remittance will be _______________.

  1. Rs. 6,900

  2. Rs. 7,500

  3. Rs. 6,300

  4. Rs. 6,600


Correct Option: A

A bond whose price will rise above its face value is classified as _______________.

  1. premium face value

  2. premium bond

  3. premium stock

  4. premium warrants


Correct Option: B

A invoiced out certain goods so as to show a profit of 20% on invoice price. 1/10th of the goods were lost in transit. The cost price of goods lost is Rs 40,000. The invoice value of goods sent out will be ___________.

  1. Rs 5,00,000

  2. Rs 4,00,000

  3. Rs 4,50,000

  4. Rs 4,80,000


Correct Option: A

Ram sends goods on approval basis as follows :

Date January Customer's name Sale price of Goods sent Goods accepted Goods returned
Rs Rs Rs
10 A 3,600 3,000 600
12 B 2,000 2,000 -
15 C 2,680 - 2,680
25 D 2,260 2,000 260

The stock of goods sent on approval on 31st January will be:

  1. Rs 500

  2. Nil

  3. Rs 260

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

In a joint venture, A contributes Rs. 8,000 and B contributes Rs. 10,000. Goods are purchased for Rs. 11,000. Expenses amount to Rs. 1,000. Sales amount to Rs. 14,000, the remaining goods were taken by B at an agreed price of Rs. 400. A and B share profits and losses in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. As a final settlement, how much A will receive ?

  1. Rs. 8,800

  2. Rs. 9,000

  3. Rs. 8,000

  4. Rs. 13,800


Correct Option: A

Under sales on return or approval basis, when transactions are few and the seller at the end of the accounting year reverses the sale entry, then the accounting treatment for the goods returned by the customers on a subsequent date will be ______________.

  1. No entry for return of goods

  2. Entry for return of goods is passed

  3. Only the stock account will be adjusted

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

A and B entered into a joint Venture to purchase and sell a new item. They agreed to share the profits and losses equally, A purchased goods worth Rs. 90,000 and spent Rs. 25,000 in sending the goods, B spent Rs. 5,000 as selling expenses and sold goods for Rs. 20,0000. What will be the amount  remitted by B to A as final settlement ?

  1. Rs. 1,55,000

  2. Rs. 1,50,000

  3. Rs. 1,15,000

  4. Rs. 80,000


Correct Option: A

Under sales on return or approval basis, the ownership of goods is passed only ___________________.

  1. When the purchaser gives his approval

  2. If the goods are not returned within specified period

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

A, for joint venture with B, purchased goods costing 2,00,000, B sold 80% of' the goods for Rs. 2,50,000. Balance of goods were taken over by B at cost less 25%. Find out profit on venture ?

  1. Rs. 80,000

  2. Rs. 90,000

  3. Rs. 50,000

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Which of the following are generally the inventories of a service business _________.

  1. Finished goods inventories

  2. Purchased goods

  3. Raw materials inventories

  4. Work in process inventories


Correct Option: D

Which method of inventory valuation helps in reducing the burden of income tax in times of rising prices?

  1. Last-in-first-out

  2. First-in-first-out

  3. Average cost

  4. Base stock method


Correct Option: A

A higher inventory ratio indicates ____________.

  1. Better inventory management

  2. Quicker turnover

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Activities related to coordinating, controlling and planning flow of inventory are classified as ________________.

  1. decisional management

  2. throughput management

  3. inventory management

  4. manufacturing management


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is not included in cost of inventory?

  1. Purchase Cost

  2. Transport in Cost

  3. Import Duty

  4. Selling Costs


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Selling cost is an indirect cost which does not have any direct association with the cost of production. 

Selling cost should be included and selling & distribution cost.

Inventory, is generally valued as lower of ________________.

  1. Market Price and Replacement Cost

  2. Cost and Net Realizable Value

  3. Cost and Sales Value

  4. Sales Value and Profit


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Financial accounting is based on certain conventions , conservatism is one of them. Conservatism convention is based on the the concept "playing safe". Accordingly firms are recording all anticipated losses in books of account.


Valuation of inventory on the basis of cost or net realizable value is also based on the conservatism convention. 

ABC analysis of inventory __________________________.

  1. Is useful for companies having different items in an inventory with different quantities and values.

  2. Segregates items with smaller value in the category A

  3. Segregates items which are larger in number with small rupee investment into category C.

  4. Both (A) and (C) above

  5. Both (A) and (B) above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

ABC is an inventory management technique in which inventory is segregated into three groups - A, B and C on the basis of value of annual usage. The A items are those in which it has the largest rupee investment, the B group consists of items accounting for the next largest investment and the C group consists of a large number of items accounting for a small rupee investment,

Goods lost by fire is debited to Goods A/c.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Goods lost by fire is a loss to the organization and to be debited to profit & loss account. Goods are moving out from the business. Hence, they need to be credited. 

Accounting entry will be as under:

Profit & Loss A/c                       Dr.
           To Goods A/c 

Rs 1500 being LIC premium of proprietor paid by the firm will be debited to ________________.

  1. Income tax a/c

  2. Drawing a/c

  3. Profit and loss a/c

  4. None


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

LIC premium is a personal liability of the proprietor. Hence, any amount paid or withdrawn from the business for personal purposes is to be debited to drawing account.

Under inflationary conditions, which of the following method of inventory valuation will show lowest cost of goods sold ?

  1. LIFO

  2. FIFO

  3. HIFO

  4. None


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

FIFO results in the highest ending inventory, the lowest cost of goods sold, and the highest net income. This is because the oldest and lowest costs are allocated to cost of goods sold.

Accounting policy for inventories of an enterprise is, ' Inventories are valued at the lower of cost determined on weighted average basis or the net realizable value.' Which accounting principle is followed by the enterprise?

  1. Materiality

  2. Prudence

  3. Substance over form

  4. All of these


Correct Option: B

Under FIFO method, in times of rising prices, the charge to production is _______.

  1. stationary

  2. unduly low

  3. unduly high

  4. normal


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In  case of First In First Out method of Inventory, material is issued to the production on first in first out basis. It means the material received first has to be issued first and so on. 

If the prices are rising, the charge to production will be unduly low as the lower cost material received earlier is issued to the production. 

Goods sold by other co-venturer is debited to which account ________________.

  1. Joint venture A/c

  2. Other co-venturer's personal A/c

  3. Joint bank A/c

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

 X a co-venturer returns goods to other co- venturer Y. In whose books the transaction would be recorded under memorandum joint venture method?

  1. Y

  2. X

  3. X and Y

  4. None of these


Correct Option: D

If at the beginning and ending of the period, goods inventories are $Rs. 400$ and $Rs. 700$ respectively and cost of goods sold is $Rs 3400$. Then net purchases are __________.

  1. $Rs. 3700$

  2. $Rs. 3400$

  3. $Rs. 3100$

  4. $Rs.3000$


Correct Option: A

The total cost of goods available for sale with a company during the current year is Rs. $12,00,000$ and the total sales during the period are Rs. $13,00,000$. If the gross profit margin of the company is $33$ $1/3\%$ on cost, the closing inventory during the current year is __________?

  1. Rs. $4,00,000$

  2. Rs. $3,00,000$

  3. Rs. $2,25,000$

  4. Rs. $2,60,000$


Correct Option: C

Goods given as charity should be credited to _______________.

  1. Purchases account

  2. Charity account

  3. Sales account

  4. Trading A/c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Purchases will be credited if goods are given as charity. When accounting for goods given as charitypurchases are reduced with the exact cost of goods contributed. The amount is reduced from purchases in the trading account. It is shown as an expense on the debit side of the income statement and the purchase account is credited.

Linux Ltd. maintains the inventory records under perpetual system of inventory. Consider the following data pertaining to inventory of Linux Ltd. held for the month of March 2005:

Date Particulars Quantity Cost per unit
Mar. 1 Opening inventory $15$ $400$
Mar. 4 Purchases $20$ $450$
Mar. 6 Purchases $10$ $460$

If the company sold $32$ units on March 24, 2005, closing inventory under FIFO method is:

  1. Rs. $5,200$

  2. Rs. $5,681$

  3. Rs. $5,800$

  4. Rs. $5,950$


Correct Option: D

Inventory is valued at _____________.

  1. Cost price

  2. Replacement price

  3. Both (a) and (b) whichever is lower

  4. Both (a) or (b) whichever is higher


Correct Option: C

While making an adjusting entry in respect of closing stock, we debit ______________.

  1. Closing stock

  2. Trading account

  3. Purchases account

  4. Sales account


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The closing stock is the unsold goods lying in the concern. Generally, the firm takes out a list of all stocks, remaining unsold along with their value. The stock is always valued at cost or market price whichever is lower. Generally, the closing stock will not appear in the Trial Balance and it lies in the adjustment. When it lies in the adjustment, adjustment entry has to be passed before the preparation of Final Accounts. The Entry will be

Closing stock A/c    Dr.        xx

        To Trading A/c                  xx

As per AS-2 historical cost of inventory includes ___________.

  1. Cost of purchase

  2. Cost of conversion

  3. Other cost incurred in bringing the inventories in their present condition

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

In which of the following methods, inventory is valued at the latest prices prevailing in the market?

  1. LIFO

  2. FIFO

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Net realizable value means _______________.

  1. Sales less sales returns

  2. Sales less cost incurred necessarily to make the sale

  3. Sales less gross profit margin

  4. Sales less cost of purchase


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In the context of inventory, net realizable value is the expected selling price in the ordinary course of business minus any cost of completion, disposal and transportation.

Hence, option B is correct.

Inventories are assets __________________.

  1. Held for sale in the ordinary course of business

  2. In the production process for such sale

  3. In the form of material or supplied to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of service

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Cost of inventories includes ___________________.

  1. Direct Material $+$ Direct Expenses

  2. Direct Labour $+$ Direct Expenses

  3. All cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition

  4. Direct material only


Correct Option: C

Which one of the following methods of inventory valuation matches current cost with current revenues?

  1. Last in first out (LIFO)

  2. Fist in first out (FIFO)

  3. Simple average

  4. Weighted average


Correct Option: A

Net realizable value is ____________________.

  1. The estimated selling price less the estimated costs of the sale

  2. Total sales

  3. Sales minus sales return

  4. Sales minus purchases


Correct Option: A

FIFO is advisable in case of _____________.

  1. Rising prices

  2. Falling prices

  3. Constant prices

  4. Fluctuating prices


Correct Option: B

The success of perpetual inventory system depends upon ______________.

  1. Placing order for materials at regular intervals

  2. Exercising control over the issue of materials

  3. Recording the receipt and issue of materials immediately after each transaction

  4. Recording the receipt of materials by storekeeper in the 'Bin Cards'


Correct Option: C

Which one of the following statements are correct?
(i) Inventory includes raw materials, finished goods and goods in process
(ii) Inventory is a part of the working capital
(iii) Inventory includes goods likely to be purchased in the coming months
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

  1. I, II and III

  2. II and III

  3. I and III

  4. I and II


Correct Option: D

Goods withdrawn by the proprietor for his personal use are_________. 

  1. shown as a deduction from the purchases

  2. shown as a deduction from the sales

  3. treated as sales at cost price

  4. added to the purchases


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is not classified as inventory in the financial statements?

  1. Finished goods

  2. Work-in-progress

  3. Stored and spares

  4. Advance payments made to suppliers for raw materials


Correct Option: D

Rs. $1,250$ paid for the residential telephone bill of the proprietor which of these accounts will be debited _________________.

  1. Household A/c

  2. Drawing A/c

  3. Telephone A/c

  4. None


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Business entity concept of accounting defines that the owner and the business are considered two separate entity in the eyes of law. Hence any amount is spent from the business for personal use, has to be debited to drawing account. Drawing will be deducted from capital account. 

State with reasons whether the following statement is true or false:
Inventory by-product should be valued at net realisable value where cost of by product can be separately determined.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

State with reasons whether the following statement is true or false:
Damaged inventory should be valued at cost or market price; whichever is lower.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

State with reasons whether the following statement is true or false:
The inventory under AS-2 is valued on the basis of cost price or current replacement cost, which ever is less.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Goods costing Rs.10,000 destroyed by fire should be credited to 

  1. Purchase Account

  2. Sales Account

  3. Cash Account

  4. Goods Lost by Fire A/c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
 Particular  L.F.  Dr.  Cr.
 Lost by fire A/c             Dr.            To Purchase A/c                (Being goods destroyed by fire)    10000  10000

Goods costing Rs.10000 destroyed by fire will be credited to purchase A/c.

Goods distributed as free samples is an example of _________.

  1. No change in Owner's Equity

  2. Increase in Asset & Owner's Equity

  3. Decrease in Liability & Owner's Equity

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Good worth $Rs.500$ taken by the proprietor for personal use should be debited to ______________.

  1. Debtors Accounts

  2. Drawing Account

  3. Installation Expenses account

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

A withdrawal of goods from business by the proprietor should be credited to _______________.

  1. Drawing A/c

  2. Capital A/c

  3. Purchases A/c

  4. Sales A/c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The withdrawal of goods by the owner for personal use is placed on a temporary drawings account and reduces the owners equity. It is not an expense of the businessGoods are withdrawn from the business and taken by the owner, which reduces the inventory of the business.

Employees took stock costing Rs 1000 (sale price Rs 1200) in this case _____________________.

  1. Salaries A/c to be debited with Rs. 1200

  2. Sales A/c to be credited with Rs. 1200

  3. Purchases A/c to be credited with Rs 1000

  4. Sales A/c to be credited with Rs 1000


Correct Option: C

Goods sod to Ram for cash Rs 1000 ________________.

  1. Ram's Account to be debited

  2. Ram's Account to be credited

  3. Sales Account to be debited

  4. Cash Account to be credited

  5. None of these


Correct Option: E

Goods costing Rs 1000 (Sale Price Rs 1200) distributed as free samples should be credited to ________.

  1. Sales Account with Rs 1200

  2. Sales Account with Rs 1000

  3. Purchases Account with Rs 1000

  4. Loss by Theft A/c


Correct Option: C

Goods costing Rs 1000 (Sale price Rs 1200) used in making furniture should be credited to ________________.

  1. Sales account with Rs 1200

  2. Sales account with Rs 1000

  3. Purchases account with Rs 1000

  4. Furniture A/c


Correct Option: C

Goods costing Rs 1000 (Sale price Rs 1200) stolen should be credited to __________________.

  1. Sales Account with Rs 1200

  2. Sales Account with Rs 1000

  3. Purchases Account with Rs 1000

  4. Loss by Theft A/c


Correct Option: C

A sale of goods to Ram should be debited to ____________.

  1. Ram

  2. Cash

  3. Sales

  4. Capital


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ram is the Receiver of goods, as such, his personal account has been debited According to the rule of personal account, i.e., “Debit the Receiver”. Sales A/c will be credited according to the rule of Nominal account.

Goods costing Rs 1000 (Sale Price Rs 1200) given as charity should be credited to __________________.

  1. Sales Account with Rs 1200

  2. Sales Account with Rs 1000

  3. Purchases Account with Rs 1000

  4. Loss by Theft A/c


Correct Option: C

The cost of inventory as per physical verification as on 24th March was Rs.4,00,000. Goods are sold at a profit of 25%on cost.
On 21st March, goods on the sales value of Rs.1,00,000 were sent on sale on return basis to a customer , the period of approval being two week .He returned 20% of the goods on 31st March.
The cost of inventory as per books on 31st march is ______________.

  1. Rs.4,80,000

  2. Rs.4,16,000

  3. Rs.4,28,000

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
In case of sale or return basis the goods that are confirmed as sales and the rest are included in inventory at cost.
Calculation of goods to be included at cost and their value :-

 Goods not approved = 1,00,000 x 20%
                                    = 20,000

Calculation of book value of unapproved goods
Lets assume,
Cost = 100, Gross profit = 25% of cost  
                                        = 25
Therefore, sales = Cost + gross profit
                            = 100 + 25
                             = 125
Hence, we have sales price cost will be = 20000 x 100/125
                                                                   = 16,000

Cost of inventory as on 31st march = 4,00,000 + 16,000
                                                           = 4,16,000

Goods costing Rs 1000 (Sale Price Rs 1200) destroyed by fire should be credited to _________________.

  1. Sales Account with Rs 1200

  2. Sales Account with Rs 1000

  3. Purchases Account with Rs 1000

  4. Loss by Theft A/c


Correct Option: C

Cost of Physical Stock Rs.2,30,000
Goods purchases for Rs.10,000 received but omitted to be recorded
Goods costing Rs.20,000 were sold & delivered but omitted to be recorded
Goods costing Rs.5,000 were returned by customers but omitted to be recorded.
Goods costing Rs.3,000 were returned to suppliers but omitted to be recorded.
The cost of stock as per books is ____________.

  1. Rs.2,40,000

  2. Rs.2,38,000

  3. Rs.2,36,000

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Cost of physical stock                                                                             2,30,000
Less:- purchases recorded but omitted to be recorded                          (10,000)
Add;- Goods sold, not recorded                                                                20,000
Less:- Goods returned by customers                                                         (5,000)
Add:- Goods returned to suppliers                                                             3,000
                                                                                                                  ---------------
Cost of stock as per books                                                                     2,38,000

Goods given as charity credited to ___________.

  1. Charity A/c

  2. Purchase A/c

  3. Drawings A/c

  4. Sales A/c


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Goods given by charity is credited to purchases account. It is an expense to the business and not sales as it is given free of cost for charity purpose. Hence, the entry will be :-
Goods given as charity A/c........ dr
       To Purchases A/c 

Change in inventories of finished goods, work-in-progress and stock-in-trade means _________________________.

  1. Difference between opening inventories and closing inventories

  2. Difference between closing and opening invetories

  3. Difference between opening and closing inventories, if opening inventories are higher

  4. Difference between closing and opening inventories, if closing inventories are higher


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Change in inventory means difference between total of opening and closing inventories. Opening inventories and closing include all raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods of inventory. 

The following classes of costs are usually involved in inventory decisions except________.

  1. Cost of Ordering

  2. Carrying cost

  3. Cost of shortages

  4. Machinery cost


Correct Option: D

Goods worth Rs. 10,000 were withdrawn by the proprietor for his personal use. The account to be credited is ___________.

  1. Sales A/c

  2. Drawing A/c

  3. Purchases A/c

  4. Expenses A/c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

When the proprietor withdraws goods for personal use of Rs 10,000 it should be credited/deducted from the stock while calculating cost of goods sold and hence are deducted from purchases.  

Goods given as samples should be credited to ______________.

  1. Advertisement A/c

  2. Sales A/c

  3. Purchases A/c

  4. Closing stock A/c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Goods given out as samples should be credited to purchases account and not to sales account, because goods are moving out of the organisation. But there is no inflow of cash because samples are distributed free of cost. Distribution of samples can be for boosting the sales of the company.

Which store accounting system involves use of market price or stock at cost, whichever is less?

  1. Standard cost system

  2. Average cost system

  3. Costing the closing stock

  4. Market value system


Correct Option: C

EOQ determines the order size when ______________.

  1. Total order cost is minimum

  2. Total number of order is least

  3. Total inventory cost is minimum

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Economic Order Quantity is the optimum quantity of goods that a firm may order in one time to minimize the annual cost of ordering and inventory carrying cost.

EOQ is based on certain assumptions:
a) Annual Demand 
b) Ordering Cost
c) Carrying cost 

Changing the value of closing stock from cost to expected selling price might be an application of which accounting concept?

  1. Going Concern

  2. Prudence

  3. Historical cost

  4. Consistency


Correct Option: B

Which method of inventory valuation is most widely used in accounting?

  1. Cost price

  2. Market price

  3. Cost or market price whichever is greater

  4. Cost or market price whichever is lower


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Conservatism concept defines that all future losses should be recorded in books of account. Stock is normally valued at cost or market value whichever is lower.

Which of the following is true for a company which continuous reviews its inventory system?

  1. Order Interval is fixed

  2. Order Interval varies

  3. Order Quantity is fixed

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Continuous inventory system or perpetual inventory system of inventory describes the system of inventory where information of inventory quantity with the availability is monitored on a regular basis.

As inventory ordering is also based on the availability of stock, order intervals may change because of the perpetual inventory system.

Which inventory price method assumes that the goods most recently purchased are sold first?

  1. FIFO

  2. Specific identifications

  3. Weighted average

  4. LIFO


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In the LIFO method, Inventory which is purchased recently is issued first.  It is called last in first out. 

Available closing stock will have the stock of older items with older price. 

Under FIFO method, the materials issued are priced at ___________.

  1. latest purchases

  2. oldest purchases

  3. average cost of purchases

  4. next purchases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Under the FIFO (First in First Out ) method, stock is issued to the production on the basis of its receipt. Stock which has procurred first is issued first and so on. 

In such case, stock issued are priced at oldest purchases. Latest stock will be available as closing inventory. 

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