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Unequal distribution of resources - class-IX

Description: unequal distribution of resources
Number of Questions: 74
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Tags: rules are for everyone commercial applications natural resources depletion of resources biology evs - i main natural resources management of natural resources
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Biogas is a good substitute for

  1. Natural gas

  2. Crude oil

  3. Coal

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Bioenergy is the energy obtained from

  1. Coal

  2. Natural gas

  3. Biomass

  4. Petroleum


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biomass is the amount of organic matter present in an organism. It is the stored form of energy in an organism. Biomass is used to produce bioenergy. Biomass can be of various types such as woods, crops, landfill gas etc. Biomass can be converted to various forms to produce biofuels, biogas etc. Highest amount of biomass is present in plants as they trap solar energy and convert it into mechanical energy in the form of stored food. 
So, the correct answer is 'Biomass'.

Biogas contains

  1. $CH _4+CO+CO _2$

  2. $CH _4+CO _2+H _2$

  3. $CO+CO _2+H _2$

  4. $CO+CO _2+NO _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Biogas is a form of energy produced from anaerobic decomposition of waste material and organic matter. It is a renewable source of energy and a good alternative in place of fossil fuels which are depleting with time. Biogas is produced by methanogenic bacteria which breakdown organic matter in the absence of oxygen. They produce biogas which is a mixture of gases like methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) in different composition.
So, the correct answer is 'CH4CO2H2 '.

Bioenergy is obtained from

  1. Petroleum

  2. Natural gas

  3. Biomass

  4. Synthetic fuel


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biomass is the amount of organic matter present in an organism. It is the stored form of energy in an organism. Biomass is used to produce bioenergy. Biomass can be of various types such as woods, crops, landfill gas etc. Biomass can be converted to various forms to produce biofuels, biogas etc. Bioenergy is renewable source energy because it can be replenished over a period of time.
So, the correct answer is 'Biomass'.

Hot water of Manikaran is used for generating electricity. It is known as 

  1. Solar energy

  2. Biomass energy

  3. Geothermal energy

  4. Hydroelectric energy


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Solar energy is energy generated from heat of sun.
B. Biomass energy is generated from the biomass i.e. organic matter of plants and animals which in turn, contains the stored solar energy.
C. Geothermal energy is the energy generated from heat of earth. 
D. Hydroelectric energy is generated using water which is passed over turbines which flow at a high speed and electricity is generated.
Manikaran (located in Himachal Pradesh) hot springs are used to generate geothermal energy because the heat of the water is used to produce electricity.
So, the correct answer is 'Geothermal energy'.

The scientist could who first demonstrated that nuclear energy be harnessed to produce electrical energy was :

  1. Homi Bhabha

  2. Enrico Fermi

  3. W B Lewis

  4. P A M Dirac


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) was an Italian physicist and recipient of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics. He created the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile- 1.

So, the correct answer id 'Enrico Fermi'.

Planetesimal hypothesis is given by?

  1. Hoyle in $1939$

  2. Lyttleton in $1939$

  3. Kent in $1946$

  4. More than one correct answer


Correct Option: A

__________ is the element used to produce nuclear energy

  1. Palladium

  2. Strontium

  3. Uranium

  4. Rhodium


Correct Option: C

In which form energy flow occur in ecosystem?

  1. Solar energy

  2. Heat energy

  3. Chemical energy

  4. Electric energy


Correct Option: A

On the average, about what percentage of the solar energy that strikes the outer atmosphere eventually reaches the earth's surface?

  1. 5%

  2. 15%

  3. 30%

  4. 50%


Correct Option: D

The main energy source for the environment is ___________

  1. Solar energy

  2. Chemical energy

  3. Bioelectric energy

  4. Electrical energy


Correct Option: A

Most of the natural gas used in the United States is consumed by

  1. industry

  2. residential use

  3. electrical utilities

  4. transportation


Correct Option: B

Renewable energy resources are mostly based on

  1. Biomass

  2. Fossil fuels

  3. Nuclear power

  4. E- waste


Correct Option: A

What is auxiliary natural source of energy in solar system?

  1. Thermal energy

  2. Tides, waves and currents

  3. Solar Energy

  4. Nuclear energy


Correct Option: B

The first oil well was drilled in the United States in

  1. 1829

  2. 1859

  3. 1929

  4. 1959


Correct Option: B

Conning occurs in neutral atmosphere, when wind velocity is greater than

  1. 32 km per hour

  2. 42 km per hour

  3. 52 km per hour

  4. 72 km per hour


Correct Option: A

In an unsubsidized natural solar powered ecosystem, source of energy is known as

  1. Solar Energy

  2. Nuclear energy

  3. Wind energy

  4. fossil fuels


Correct Option: A

What is input of naturally subsidized solar powered ecosystem

  1. 10, 000 to 90, 000kcal/m2per year

  2. 10, 000 to 80, 000kcal/m2per year

  3. 10, 000 to 40, 000kcal/m2per year

  4. 20, 000 to 40, 000kcal/m2per year


Correct Option: C

What is the ratio of CH$ _4$ in a biogas?

  1. 1:2

  2. 1:3

  3. 2:1

  4. 3:1


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

CH$ _4$ is methane, which is the major component of biogas. Ratio is 3:1. 

75% of biogas is methane which is an inflammable fuel. Biogas is characterized based on its chemical composition and the physical characteristics which result from it. It is primarily a mixture of methane (CH$ _4$) and inert carbonic gas (CO$ _2$). However the name “biogas” gathers a large variety of gases resulting from specific treatment processes, starting from various organic waste - industries, animal or domestic origin waste, etc 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Both power and manure are provided by

  1. Petrocrops

  2. Nuclear plants

  3. Biogas

  4. Energy crops


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. It is a renewable energy source.
Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria, which digest material inside a closed system, or fermentation of biodegradable materials.

Biogas contains

  1. Traces of CH$ _4$

  2. 30-40% of CH$ _4$

  3. 50-70% of CH$ _4$

  4. 80% of C$ _2$H$ _6$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by bacterial degradation of organic matter and used as a fuel.
Biogas is comprised primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. 
It contains methane (50-70%), carbon dioxide (30-50%), and very small amounts of hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. 
Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Bioenergy is the energy obtained from

  1. Forest products

  2. Coal

  3. Petroleum

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Advantage of energy plantations is

  1. Running nuclear plants

  2. To reduce pressure on fossil fuel

  3. To decrease soil erosion and pollution

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Energy plantation is the method in which there is the cultivation of certain species of the plants which can be used as the source of energy. They can be used as an alternative to the fossil fuels. This reduces the pressure on the fossil fuels. 

Due to the plantation, there is the decrease in the problems like soil erosion. The pollution caused due to the decrease in the number of trees is also reduced.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which one produce gas by decomposing the gobar in gobar gas?

  1. Fungi

  2. Virus

  3. Methanogenic bacteria

  4. Algae


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Anaerobic digestion is a natural process in which bacteria convert organic materials into biogas. It occurs in marshes and wetlands and in the digestive tract of ruminants. The bacteria are also active in landfills, where they are the principal process degrading landfilled food wastes and other 
biomass. Biogas can be collected and used as a potential energy resource. The process occurs in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment through the activities of acid- and methane-forming (methanogenic) bacteria that break down the organic material and produce methane and carbon dioxide in a gaseous form, known as biogas. 

Asia's largest wind farm using wind waves for generating power is at

  1. Kyota (Japan)

  2. Lamba (Gujrat)

  3. Kazakistan

  4. Pokhran (India)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Wind is an inexhaustible source of energy. Asia's largest windmill or wind farm complex is established at Lamba village in the Jamnagar district of Gujrat. It had successfully generated 1500+ kWh in its pilot stage of 3 months. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Solar cell can be used for sufficient amount of

  1. Storing water

  2. Storing light

  3. Storing sun rays as energy source

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The device which can trap the solar energy and convert the solar energy into an electrical form of energy is called as the solar cell. Solar cells are generally used for the storage of the radiations from the sun in the form of energy resource. These cells are used in the solar panels for the generation of electricity for the street lights. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Thermal pollution in water bodies is caused due to discharge of

  1. Waste from agricultural fields

  2. Hot water from power plants

  3. Hot chemicals from industries

  4. Waste from mines


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Thermal pollution is caused by change in water temperature which leads to degradation of water quality. It is caused due to use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When such water is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, it decreases oxygen supply and affects ecosystem composition.

So, the correct answer is option B.

The land of wind mills using wind waves as a source of power is

  1. Netherland

  2. India

  3. Japan

  4. Hong Kong


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Netherland is referred as the land of the windmills. There are many windmills installed in the regions called as wind farms. There are large turbines which are used for the conversion of the wind energy to produce electricity. About 3400 MW energy was produced in this region with the help of windmills.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Geothermal energy is produced in India from hot springs by a 5 KW geothermal power plant at

  1. Manikaran (HP)

  2. Puga (Ladhakh)

  3. Gulfs of Kutch

  4. Ankleshwar


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Geothermal energy is energy from the shallow ground hot water and hot rock found some miles or deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. Geothermal activity in the Parbati Valley is due to the hot springs at Manikaran, a village situated on the banks of Parbati river in Himachal Pradesh. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Power and manure both are provided by ________

  1. Thermal plant

  2. Nuclear plant

  3. Biogas plant

  4. Hydroelectric plant


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In a biogas plant, household wastes and biowastes can be disposed of usefully and in a healthy manner to obtain biogas a renewable source of energy, which is used as a fuel because it reacts with oxygen and  releases energy, which is clean in nature. Also the residue of the plant can be used as a manure.

Which among the following is known as land of windmills?

  1. Netherlands

  2. Cathopia

  3. Japan

  4. USA


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A- Netherland has numerous windmills as it utilizes windmill not only for energy conservation but also to beautify the landscape. Windmills are further used to pump out water from lowlands and drain them back into the rivers enabling the farming of the land. 
So, the correct answer is 'Netherlands'

Wind energy is an _____ energy resource

  1. Inexhaustible

  2. Exhaustible

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Wind energy is an inexhaustible energy resource which has been used for centuries to ran wind mills and pump water.

Geothermal energy is used to obtain electricity in

  1. Tamil Nadu

  2. Bihar

  3. Himachal Pradesh

  4. Rajasthan


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In some places, the hot water comes to the earth surface as hot spring which can be used to generate electricity. In Himachal Pradesh, electricity is generated by this method.

Which technology is used to harvest solar energy from the sun?

  1. Artificial photosynthesis

  2. Photovoltaics

  3. Solar heating

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Biogas can be a good substitute for

  1. Fuel gas

  2. Petroleum and oil

  3. Coal

  4. Charcoal


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Biogas is produced by the decomposition of organic material from plants and animals. It consists of mainly methane gas which can be used as fuel. Old feeds of organic matter of biogas process can be dried and used as soil manure or fertilizers. Thus the correct answer is A.

Which of the following yields more energy?

  1. Direct burning of cow dung

  2. Burning of biogas derived from cow dung

  3. Burning of manure derived from cow dung

  4. Burning of semi-decayed cow dung


Correct Option: B

Biogas plant is more useful than burning of dung cakes because

  1. It is non-pollutant.

  2. It yields manure as well as fuel gas.

  3. It yields important biochemicals.

  4. Both A and B.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Biogas plant produces both biogas and manure from the decomposition of waste material or organic matter. Biogas has a high calorific value than cow dung cakes. Calorific value of methane is about 5.5 KJ/g while for cow dung cakes is about 3.1 KJ/g. Moreover, biogas does not produce any pollutant like cow dung cakes produce carbon dioxide on burning. Neither biogas leaves any ash or soot after burning. Hence, biogas is a non pollutant.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Types of bioenergy are

  1. Biomass

  2. Biofuel

  3. Biogas

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Biomass is the amount of organic matter present in an organism at a given time. It is the stored form of energy in an organism.
  • Biofuel is any substance which has a biological origin and can be used as a fuel. For example, fuel wood.
  • Biogas is formed from the decomposition of organic matter and can be used as an alternative source of energy in place of fossil fuels.
The energy produced from all these sources is called bioenergy which is renewable and has no negative impact on environment.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Biogas predominantly comprises

  1. $CH _4, N _2$ and $H _2$

  2. $CH _4$ and CO

  3. $CH _4$ and $CO _2$

  4. $CH _4$ and $NO _3$


Correct Option: C

Biogas contains

  1. $50-70\%$ methane

  2. $30-40\%$ methane

  3. Traces of methane

  4. $80-95\%$ ethane


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Biogas is a form of energy produced from anaerobic decomposition of waste material and organic matter. Biogas is a mixture of gases like methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) in different composition as follows:
  • Methane 50- 75%
  • Carbon dioxide 25- 35%
  • Hydrogen 0 -1%
Apart from these gases, other gases like hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen are present in a small amount.
So, the correct answer is '50 - 70%'.

Biogas mainly consists of

  1. Ethane

  2. $CO _2$

  3. $H _2$

  4. Methane


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Biogas is a form of energy produced from anaerobic decomposition of waste material and organic matter. It is a renewable source of energy and a good alternative in place of fossil fuels which are depleting with time. Biogas is produced by methanogenic bacteria which breakdown organic matter in the absence of oxygen. They produce biogas which is a mixture of gases like methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) in different composition as follows:
  • Methane 50- 75%
  • Carbon dioxide 25- 35%
  • Hydrogen 0 -1%
Hence, most of the fraction is of methane.
So, the correct answer is 'Methane'.

The main energy containing components of biogas is

  1. Methane

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Hydrogen sulphide

  4. Carbon dioxide


Correct Option: A

Calorific value of biogas is

  1. $1-2MJ/m^3$

  2. $23-28MJ/m^3$

  3. $11-15MJ/m^3$

  4. $100-120MJ/m^3$


Correct Option: B

The land of wind mills is

  1. U.K.

  2. U.S.A.

  3. Netherland

  4. Himachal Pradesh


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Netherlands (also known as Holland) is known as the land of windmills. Windmills in Netherlands had many historic purposes like they were used to pump water on the land so that farming could be done on it. The wheels of windmills were also used to drain the wetlands and most importantly, windmills are used to generate wind energy.
So, the correct answer is 'Netherland'.

Aquatic plant used in biogas generation is

  1. Eichhornia

  2. Typha

  3. Potamogeton

  4. Vallisneria


Correct Option: A

Percentage of methane present in biogas is

  1. 75%

  2. 60%

  3. 50%

  4. 43 - 45%


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source. In biogas approximately 60% of methane is present.
So, the correct answer is '60%'

Source of energy which does not evolve CO$ _2$ is

  1. Coal

  2. Oil

  3. Organic compounds

  4. Nuclear energy


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

coal, oil & organic compounds contain carbon as the main constituent thus they can evolve carbon dioxide, while nuclear energy will release no carbon dioxide.

So, the correct answer is 'Nuclear energy'

The incorrect statement regarding biogas is

  1. It predominantly contains methane

  2. Production involves anaerobic digestion of organic wastes

  3. Dung can be used for generation of biogas

  4. It does not contain hydrogen sulphide


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biogas is a type of fuel. It is a mixture of different gases produced when organic matter breaks down in the absence of oxygen. The organic wastes release many gases primarily methane and carbon-dioxide. It is produced by anaerobic fermentation. It is counted as eco-friendly gas.

So, the correct option is 'It does not contain hydrogen sulphide'.

A biogas plant works to its maximum capacity when

  1. Conditions are aerobic and sewage is supplied

  2. Conditions are anaerobic and temperature $40^oC$

  3. Conditions are aerobic and temperature $40^oC$

  4. Conditions are anaerobic and sewage is supplied


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with methanogen or anaerobic organisms, which digest material inside a closed system or fermentation of biodegradable materials. There are two key processes: mesophilic and thermophilic digestion which is dependent on temperature. Research in biogas production indicates that the optimal temperature for mesophilic bacteria is around 37°C and around 55°C for thermophilic bacteria.


So, the correct answer is 'Conditions are anaerobic and temperature 40C'.

Electricity is a natural resource.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Nither

  4. Either


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Electricity in its natural form is from lightening. Various natural resources like wind (wind mills), water (turbines), fossil fuels are used to produce electricity. Therefore, electricity is a product obtained using natural resource and its since natural form cannot be easily harnessed  so cannot be nither classified as a natural resource nor a man made product.

So, the correct answer is 'Nither'

___________ energy is the energy stored within the earth.

  1. Geothermal

  2. Mechanical

  3. Wind

  4. Thermal


Correct Option: A

According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the radiative energy emitted by one square meter of an object is equal to a constant multiplied by its temperature raised to the ____________ power.

  1. Negative third

  2. Zeroeth

  3. Fourth

  4. Tenth


Correct Option: C

__________ energy is the main driving force of the ecological system.

  1. Hydro

  2. Solar

  3. Electric

  4. Mechanical


Correct Option: B

Thermal belts are:

  1. Pockets of warm air resting on a valley during the afternoon

  2. Pockets of cold air resting on a valley floor at night

  3. Warmer hillsides that are less likely to experience freezing conditions

  4. Cold, below-freezing air found at the top of a mountain


Correct Option: C

India ranks .__________ amongst the wind-energy producing countries of the world.

  1. First

  2. Second

  3. Third

  4. Fourth


Correct Option: D

Charged particles from the sun that travel through space at high speeds are called:

  1. Radiation

  2. The aurora

  3. Solar wind

  4. Solar flares


Correct Option: C

Consider the following statements:
(a) Our energy requirements increase with our standard of living.
(b) We need to look for more and more sources of energy to meet our energy requirements.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. Neither (a) nor (b)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The standard of living involves the type of diet and the work we perform every day. The individuals who perform more work require more energy. The energy requirements depend on the lifestyle of every individual. 
The population is expanding day by day. In order to meet the requirements, there is need to search for more sources of energy. Different methods have been used for the increase in the quantity and the quality of the food. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Pollution from animal excreta and organic waste from kitchen can be most profitably minimized by 

  1. Storing them in underground storage tanks

  2. Using them for producing biogas

  3. Vermiculture

  4. Using them directly as biofertilizers


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and other trace gases which can be converted to heat, electricity or light. Small-scale biogas reactors are designed to produce biogas at the household or community level in rural areas. 

Animal manure and kitchen waste contain a lot of organic matter and generally, the process produces enough biogas for the family to cover at least cooking requirements. Humans produce less excreta, which contains less material that can be converted to biogas than animal dung (e.g., cows). 
However, toilets, if available can directly be linked to the biogas plant, where human faeces are digested together with the other wastes. This option provides a safe treatment of human excreta and thus improves the hygienic situation of the family. 
The availability of a renewable green energy source reduces the use of firewood for cooking and indoor air pollution. Thus, biogas digesters have the potential to minimize health risks and environmental pollution by using human excreta as a resource for producing energy and fertilizer.

For biogas production, besides dung an extensive use of which weed is recommended in our country

  1. Mangifera indica

  2. Hydrilla

  3. Eichhornia crassipes

  4. Solanum


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Eichhornia crassipes is an excellent source of biomass because of its extremely high rate of development. One hectare of standing crop thus produce more than 70,000 m$^3$ of biogas.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

The process in which water vapour changes to liquid is called

  1. Condensation

  2. Evaporation

  3. Transpiration

  4. Precipitation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sun derives the water cycle, heats up water in ocean and seas, and then water vapours evaporate to air. As the vapours move upward the cool temperature there causes it to condense into clouds and they fall as precipitate like rain, hailstone etc.

What are the advantage of gobar gas over conventional utilization?

  1. More efficient source of energy

  2. Used as good fertilizer

  3. Reduces the chances of spreading of pathogens

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Best economic method to harvest the solar energy is

  1. Solar cell

  2. Energy plantation

  3. Cultivation of sugar cane then energy obtain by burning it

  4. Solar cooker


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The economics of terrestrial growth of vegetation for its energy content is far more favourable than other more technically sophisticated methods of large-scale solar energy conversion. The most traditional is to use the ability of plants to convert the suns energy into fuel molecules; this is cheap, deployable at scale, and provides the energy in easily storable form, but its not very efficient and so needs a lot of land.

Gobar gas contains mainly

  1. CH$ _{4}$ + CO$ _{2}$

  2. CH$ _{4}$ + O$ _{2}$

  3. CO$ _{2}$ + H$ _{2}$

  4. CO$ _{2}$ + SO$ _{2}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biogas (gobar gas) is primarily methane (CH$ _4$) and carbon dioxide (CO$ _2$) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H$ _2$S), moisture and siloxanes.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Biogas consists of

  1. Carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen.

  2. Carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen.

  3. Carbon monoxide, ethane and hydrogen.

  4. Carbon dioxide, ethane and hydrogen.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biogas consists mostly of methane (CH$ _4$), carbon dioxide (CO$ _2$) and a mix of trace gases including nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide (H$ _2$S), hydrogen and others. Methane is the main constituent (63%) of the biogas. The other major constituent is CO$ _2$ (30%).

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

There is a high accumulation of garbage in the past recent days in Bangalore. What would you suggest to the government as to how could the garbage be converted into cooking gas by decomposing. Which organism is involved in the process of conversion?

  1. Klebsiella

  2. Yeast

  3. Methanogen

  4. Clostridium


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Methanogens convert organic products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. It is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Bio-gas can be converted into _______.

  1. Fuel

  2. Electricity

  3. Fertilizer

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Material recovery is possible from industrial waste. Organic waste can be used for energy production with various processes such as bio-gas production.

Common energy source in villages is

  1. Electricity

  2. Coal

  3. Biogas

  4. Wood and animal dung


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Energy is the most important constituents of the living part of the human being.
Now we can generate energy in different ways like hydropower, wind energy, biogas, and many more but today also in villages the trend is being used for producing energy by using wood and animal dung.
So, the correct answer is 'Wood and animal dung'

An inexhaustible non-conventional universal source of energy is

  1. Wind energy

  2. Solar energy

  3. Hydrothermal energy

  4. Tidal energy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Solar energy is considered to be the non-conventional because it is not derived from the conventional fossil fuels. It is inexhaustible as it will not be used up completely. It will not take much time in regeneration. It is universal as most of the places on earth that sustain a large population get the sunlight. Wind energy is also non-conventional and inexhaustible but it is not available to every area. It can be harnessed in areas that witness a low pressure, like equatorial and tropical areas. Similarly, the tidal energy is available to the coastal areas. Hydrothermal resources are available everywhere but need a heavy economic investment for their usage.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Solar energy'.

Photovoltaic cells are semiconductors of

  1. Silicon

  2. Gallium arsinide

  3. Cadmium telluride

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Photovoltaic cells are used in trapping solar energy. These are made of semiconductors that can lose the electrons when exposed to the sunlight to generate the electric current. The semiconductor material used can be silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride. Silicon is the most preferred because of its uniform crystalline structure. Cadmium Telluride provides a low-cost alternative that is also highly absorptive of solar energy. Gallium arsenide is used for its resistance to the harmful effects of the radiations. It is generally used for space photovoltaic cells.

Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Solar energy can be trapped through

  1. Direct heating

  2. Thermoelectric conversion

  3. Photovoltaic conversion

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Solar energy can be trapped through the following:

A. Direct heating of the solar energy uses pumps and fans to circulate the heat gathered by the solar collectors. It is widely used in water heating system.
B. Thermoelectric conversion converts the solar energy directly to the electrical energy by creating a voltage effect due to the difference in the temperature.
C. Photovoltaic conversion produces electricity through solar energy by maintaining an electron flow. The release of electrons when exposed to sunlight creates an electric current along the path of the electron movement.
Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

The interior of a cow-dung pile kept for a few days is quite warm. This is mostly because

  1. Cellulose present in the dung is a good insulator .

  2. Bacterial metabolism inside the dung releases heat.

  3. Undigested material releases heat due to oxidation by air.

  4. Dung is dark and absorbs a lot of heat.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

At the later stages of decomposition of cowdung, mesophilic micro-organisms decompose the dung, generating heat from exothermic( process which produces heat) processes; such heat generation is associated with the well known phenomenon of the elevated temperature of composting.

Geo-thermal energy is a conventional source of energy.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Nither

  4. Either


Correct Option: B

Which one of the following is a non-replenishable resource?

  1. minerals

  2. forests

  3. mineral fuel

  4. hydroelectricity


Correct Option: C
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