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National movements in europe - class-X

Description: national movements in europe
Number of Questions: 72
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Tags: history democratic and nationalist revolutions (1600-1900 ce) rise of modern europe the rise of nationalism in europe what is history? the growth of nationalism
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The idea of national unity gained popularity in Europe initially among ______.

  1. the liberal middle class

  2. the aristocracy

  3. the peasants

  4. industrial workers


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. For the new middle classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

Who were the backbone of the revolutionary movement in France?
This question has multiple answers.

  1. Artisans

  2. Peasants

  3. Workers

  4. Nobles


Correct Option: A,C

After the defeat of ______, the old ruling dynasty of France was restored to power.

  1. Louis XVI

  2. Napoleon

  3. Louis XIV

  4. Louis XV


Correct Option: B

Which one of the following was NOT implemented under the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?

  1. Restoration of Bourbon dynasty

  2. Setting up series of states on the boundaries of France

  3. Restoration of monarchies

  4. Diluting the German confederation of 39 states


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was signed with the objective of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in the future. The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched.  The main intention was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.

The ______ revolution gave the term 'nation' its modern meaning.

  1. French

  2. Russian

  3. American

  4. Industrial


Correct Option: A

If a nation is ______, that means the people constituting the nation are the source of all power and authority.

  1. Socialist

  2. Democratic

  3. Sovereign

  4. Republic


Correct Option: C

Which group was numerically small in the European society?

  1. Aristocracy

  2. Peasantry

  3. Nobility

  4. Feudality


Correct Option: A

Napoleon's administrative measures had created a confederation of _____ states of the German-speaking regions.

  1. 38

  2. 40

  3. 39

  4. 30


Correct Option: C

The term liberalism is derived from the _____ term liber.

  1. Greek

  2. Latin

  3. French

  4. Spanish


Correct Option: B

Which empire ruled over Austria-Hungary?

  1. Hapsburg

  2. Hohenzollern

  3. Romanov

  4. Bourbon


Correct Option: A

The aristocratic class owned ______ in the countryside.

  1. Estates

  2. Villas

  3. Manors

  4. Mansions


Correct Option: A

The ________ comprised the majority of the population in European society.

  1. Aristocracy

  2. Nobility

  3. Feudality

  4. Peasantry


Correct Option: D

Who were bound to the land of a particular lord and could not migrate without his permission?

  1. Serfs

  2. Peasants

  3. Workers

  4. Artisans


Correct Option: A

The aristocracy in the Alpine region was predominantly ______ speaking.

  1. Polish

  2. German

  3. French

  4. Italian


Correct Option: B

Under the Treaty of Vienna France lost the territories it had annexed under _______ .

  1. Louis XVI

  2. Louis XIV

  3. Napoleon

  4. Louis XV


Correct Option: C

The conservatives imposed _____ laws to control what was said in newspapers, books, plays and songs.

  1. Censorship

  2. Speech

  3. Infringement

  4. Restrictive


Correct Option: A

Conservatives realised that________ could make state power more effective and strong.

  1. Liberalization

  2. Privatization

  3. Modernization

  4. Globalization


Correct Option: C

What all factors could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe?

  1. A modern army

  2. Efficient bureaucracy

  3. Abolition of feudalism and serfdom

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

What does liberalism stand in the economic sphere?

  1. Freedom of markets

  2. Control over markets

  3. Heavily taxing goods sold in the markets

  4. Imposition of restrictions on the movement of goods across territories


Correct Option: A

What did liberalism mean to the middle class in europe?

  1. End of aristocracy

  2. End of conservatism

  3. Freedom of the individual and equality of all before law

  4. Universal adult franchise


Correct Option: C

The memory of the French revolution continued to inspire the _____.

  1. Conservatives

  2. Liberals

  3. Revolutionaries

  4. Romanticists


Correct Option: B

What major issue was criticized by the liberal-nationalists?

  1. Censorship laws to control the press

  2. Preservation of the church

  3. A modern army

  4. Efficient bureaucracy


Correct Option: A

Conservative regimes were ______ in nature.

  1. Democratic

  2. Autocratic

  3. Totalitarian

  4. Monocratic


Correct Option: B

Who was called the 'citizen king' ?

  1. Louis Philippe

  2. Charles X

  3. Louis VIII

  4. Louis XVI


Correct Option: A

What was the basic philosophy of the Romantic artists?

  1. They opposed monarchial reforms.

  2. They wanted to glorify folk art and vernacular language.

  3. They stressed the importance of tradition and established institutions and customs.

  4. They were supporters of democracy.


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is true with reference to Romanticism?

  1. Freedom of markets

  2. Concept of government by consent

  3. Cultural movement

  4. Freedom of the individual


Correct Option: C

The Congress of Vienna placed ______ on the throne.

  1. Louis XVI

  2. Louis VIII

  3. Charles X

  4. Louis Philippe


Correct Option: D

The ______ were years of great economic hardship in Europe.

  1. 1830's

  2. 1840s

  3. 1850's

  4. 1860s


Correct Option: A

_______ played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.

  1. Culture

  2. Politics

  3. Religion

  4. Brotherhood


Correct Option: A

Who was forced to flee in the year 1848?

  1. Louis XVI

  2. Louis XIV

  3. Louis Philippe

  4. Charles


Correct Option: C

Who were admitted in the Frankfurt Parliament as observers?

  1. Men

  2. Women

  3. Children

  4. All of these


Correct Option: B

What was the basic philosophy of the conservatives?

  1. They opposed monarchial forms.

  2. They were supporters of democracy.

  3. They wanted to glorify folk art and vernacular language.

  4. They stressed the importance of tradition and established institutions and customs.


Correct Option: D

The middle class earned their wealth from the manufacture of goods such as ______.

  1. Cotton textiles

  2. Silk textiles

  3. Both A and B

  4. Gold exports


Correct Option: C

The middle class which had received western education assimilated the philosophy of ______.

  1. Democracy

  2. Equality

  3. Liberty

  4. Fraternity


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rise of Middle class in India and elsewhere assimilated the philosophy of democracy which they gained from western education. They realized the worth of an individual and demanded for the liberation from despotic rulers. Modern education awakened the middle classes and helped changing the courses of many incidents including the National Liberation Movements around the World including India.

Which of the following concept were known by educated middle class people ?

  1. Democracy

  2. Nationalism

  3. Literacy

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

With the help of education provided by European countries the middle class people came to know about general conditions of the European countries and the concepts like democracy, nationalism, etc.

Which of the following is not the result of the Treaty of Vienna of $1815$?

  1. France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon

  2. Poland was given to Russia

  3. Prussia was handed over to England

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

The union abolished trade barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over _______ to two.

  1. Thirty

  2. Thirteen

  3. Twenty

  4. Ten


Correct Option: A

In which year there was an outbreak of another revolution in France?

  1. 1789

  2. 1848

  3. 1830

  4. 1871


Correct Option: C

Industrialisation began in ______ in the second half of the eighteenth century.

  1. England

  2. France

  3. Germany

  4. Russia


Correct Option: A

Which parts of Europe witnessed the growth of industrial production and trade?
This question has multiple answers.

  1. Northern

  2. Eastern

  3. Central

  4. Western


Correct Option: C,D

To the west, the bulk of land was cultivated by _______ and _______.
This question has multiple answers.

  1. Peasants

  2. Tenants

  3. Serfs

  4. Small owners


Correct Option: B,D

In which year did the Greek struggle for independence begin?

  1. 1821

  2. 1818

  3. 1815

  4. 1825


Correct Option: A

Which leader in Paris was in favour of reforms for workers?

  1. Louis Philippe

  2. Louis XVI

  3. Louis Blanc

  4. Louis XVIII


Correct Option: C

Why was the treaty of Vienna drawn up in 1815? 

  1. To abolish tariff barriers

  2. To divide the German Confederation of 39 states

  3. To restore the monarchies

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Who revolted in 1830 and set up an independent nation?

  1. Poles

  2. Finns

  3. Belgians

  4. Dutch


Correct Option: C

What was viewed as an obstacle to economic change and growth by new commercial classes?

  1. Absence of railways

  2. Limited suffrage

  3. Custom duties

  4. Reduced status of women


Correct Option: C

Which out of the following was not a feature of the economic situation which existed in Europe?

  1. Migration of population from rural to urban regions.

  2. Small producers had to face stiff competition from England.

  3. Industrial revolution became more advanced in most countries of Europe.

  4. Number of job seekers exceeded the employment opportunities.


Correct Option: C

Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

  1. Duke Metternich

  2. Rainer Ferdinand

  3. King Victor Emmanuel

  4. Cavour


Correct Option: A

In which year did the revolt against Charles X take place?

  1. 1820

  2. 1840

  3. 1850

  4. 1830


Correct Option: D

Where did the Frankfurt Parliament convene?

  1. St Paul's church

  2. St George church

  3. St Mary's church

  4. St. Peter's church


Correct Option: A

Who became the king of France in 1824?

  1. Charles X

  2. Louis XVIII

  3. Louis Philippe

  4. Louis XVI


Correct Option: A

During the nineteenth century, why did conservative governments in Europe expand voting rights, establish public health-care systems, pay for social security pensions, and institute free public education systems?

  1. To avoid social and political unrest by appraising the middle and urban poor classes.

  2. To provide a better educated and happier industrial work force.

  3. To prevent further emigration from Europe to the Americas.

  4. To strengthen the loyalty of the people to the monarchies without real government reform.


Correct Option: A

As defined by Ernst Renan, a nation has to have certain attributes. One of the following is not among the stated attributes

  1. A long past of devotion

  2. A set of common objects of glorification

  3. A will to perform great deeds together

  4. A common language


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An attribute such as 'a common language' was not one that Renan had suggested. In fact, he criticized such an attribute forming a nation.

The aristocratic class spoke _____ for purposes of diplomacy in high society.

  1. German

  2. Italian

  3. French

  4. Polish


Correct Option: C

Who believed that the traditional institutions like the Monarchy and the Church should be preserved?

  1. Conservatives

  2. Liberals

  3. Revolutionaries

  4. Romantics


Correct Option: A

Who was the main architect for the unification of Germany?

  1. Chancellor Bismarck

  2. Napoleon

  3. Kaiser William I

  4. Louis Philippe


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Three wars over seven years-with Austria, Denmark and France-ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.

Romanticism refers which of the following?

  1. Cultural movement

  2. Religious movement

  3. Political movement

  4. Literary movement


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Romanticism was an artistic, intellectual and cultural movement that ran from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century.

The secret society organised during the unification of Italy was _________.

  1. Zollverein

  2. Carbonari

  3. Redshirts

  4. Black shirts


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Carbonari  were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th-century Italy. The Italian Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Spain, Portugal and possibly Russia. Although their goals often had a patriotic and liberal focus, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda.

Who founded Young Italy?

  1. Bismarck

  2. Count Cavour

  3. Garibaldi

  4. Giuseppe Mazzini


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for the unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.

The Napoleonic Code of 1804 _______.

  1. removed the privileged class

  2. established equality before law

  3. secured the right to property

  4. all the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This Code was exported to the regions under French control.

Name the army founded by Garibaldi during the unification of Italy.

  1. Black shirts

  2. Brown shirts

  3. Red shirts

  4. Red army


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In 1867, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers known as Red shirts to Rome to fight the last obstacle to the unification of Italy, the Papal States where a French garrison was stationed. 

Who is the Prophet of the unification of Italy?

  1. Mazzini

  2. Napoleon Bonaparte

  3. Count Cavour

  4. Robespierre


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mazzini is called 'Prophet of Italian Unification'. He established Young Italy movement. He preached the idea that Italian unification can only be possible with the foreign help and Austria is the biggest obstacle to unification.

The Prime Minister of Sardinia, who was responsible for the unification of Italy was ________.

  1. Garibaldi

  2. Count Cavour

  3. Otto von Bismarck

  4. Mazzini


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.

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