1) In agriculture ploughing is process of turning up of the soil before sowing to increase the soil fertility.

• This helps to turn organic matter in the soil to increase decomposition and add nutrients from the organic matter to the soil.
• It is done using a plough.

A.Preparation of soil - it is bed to grow or cultivate soil.

Mulch is a protective layer of a material layered on top of soil. Mulch can be made of organic materials such as grass, straw, bark, etc. They can also be inorganic such as stones, brick pieces and plastic. Mulching prevents water evaporation from soil hence leads to moisture conservation. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

(A) Hoe- It is a tool which is used for digging and weeding made of a thin metal blade and a long handle. It is also used to break up the surface of the ground.

• Repeated ploughing makes the soil turn several times and results in plough pan formation in cultivated soil due to the use of heavyweight tillage machinery. The land also loses nutrients from the soil and becomes a plough pan field.

• A cultivator is a type of farm implement used for secondary tillage. Nowadays, plowing is done by tractor driven cultivator which saves labor and time. 

• A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural hand tool used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. 
• Hoes are used for digging and moving the soil in harvesting root crops such as potatoes. 

• Cultivators of the toothed type are often similar in form to plows, but their goals are different. Cultivator teeth work near the surface, usually for weed control, whereas plows shanks work deep beneath the surface, breaking up hardpan. 

• A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural hand tool used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. 

A cultivator is any of several types of farm implement used for secondary tillage. Cultivators are not driven using cattles they are machines which do not need animals to make them work. 

A cultivator is a type of farm implement used for secondary tillage. Cultivators are usually either self-propelled or drawn as an attachment behind either a two-wheel tractor or four-wheel tractor. 

• A plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. 
• Ploughs are traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times may be drawn by tractors. 

• As the plough is drawn through the soil, it creates long trenches of fertile soil called furrows. In modern use, a ploughed field is typically left to dry out and is then harrowed before planting. Plowing and cultivating a soil homogenizes and modifies the upper 12 to 25 cm of the soil to form a plow layer. 

• Hoe is a long-handled gardening tool with a thin metal blade, used mainly for weeding.
•  Hoes are not only used in agriculture but also in the archaeological sector and construction sector for mixing concretes to dig holes etc.

Depending upon the animals available on a farm, ploughing is done using horses and camels to pull ploughs. A plank is used to break the crumbs into fine soil. The next step is to level the soil with the help of a leveller.

(A) A spray pump is used to spray liquids like pesticides, insecticides, herbicides etc. The head has a trigger lever which activates the pump which is attached to a plastic tube. 

(A) A tiphan is a type of seed drill used for sowing seeds. It is a three-bladed seed drill.

The process of digging the field with the help of a hoe is called hoeing. Hoe is a long-handled thin bladed tool which is usually used to break the surface of ground, remove weeds, scrape the land etc.

Tillage of crop affects the soil quantity. It disrupts the soil structure and leads to soil erosion and eutrophication. Tillage also reduces crop residue. It leads to the destruction of the crop.

The process which is takes place of after the last harvesting. Ploughs are used for primary tillage. It is done when the soil is wet enough for ploughing. It can be done immediately after harvest or before the wet season.

Zone tillage is the disturbance and loosening of an area of soil between two counter-blades. It is a cross between high-performance crop production and soil health, benefiting the environment. It is done by using narrow profile-blades.

Ploughing is the method which helps in the loosening of the soil to aerate the soil. It allows space for the penetration of the roots of the crop plants. The aeration helps the plants to respire properly and there is the eradication of the weeds. This movement of the soil helps in the growth of the beneficial soil bacteria.

• Winnowing is an agricultural technique which is used to remove the chaff or husk from seed.
  
• Threshing is the technique used to remove grain from the chaff.
  
• Drip irrigation is a form of irrigation that allows water to drip slowly through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters directly to roots.
  
• Weeds are removed by an instrument called hoe.
  

Weeds are unwanted, unattractive and troublesome plants. 
The plough is used to loosen and aerate the soil leaving crop residue at the top of the soil. Therefore, option B is incorrect. 
Axe is used to cut perennial, woody plants to harvest wood for various purposes. Therefore, option C is incorrect. 
Cultivators are used to break large clods of soil. Therefore, option D is incorrect. 
Hoe is used to slice weeds by skimming it just under the soil surface using a sweeping motion. Therefore, option A is correct.

The process of loosening and turning of soil is called as tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough. It improves the soil quality by increasing aeration. It control the weeds. Therefore, option C is correct. 

Secondary tillage is used to improve the seedbed by increased soil pulverization, to conserve moisture through the destruction of weeds, and to cut up crop residues. It is accomplished by use of various types of harrows, rollers, or pulverizers, and tools for mulching and fallowing. 

Patela is the long rectangular, heavy, plank which is made up of locally available wood, sometimes extra weight is added to the planks by placing stones on it during used in field. It is used to smoothening, levelling and shaping the field surface. Thus, the correct option is B.

Scrapper is a hand tool generally used to scrap metals from the surface. It is generally used for leveling of soil, making irrigation channels, making ridges, to turn the surface. 

Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. The purpose of tillage is multi-fold. Tillage serves to

• Akola hoe is drawn by bullocks or hands. It was used to remove the weeds from the field and also used for maintaining the moisture in the field. 

• Thus, the correct option is A.

(A) Dynamometer- It is an instrument/device used for measuring mechanical force or power transmitted by a rotating shaft. For example, it is used to calculate the power produced by a motor or an engine in agricultural fields

Tillage is a method of preparing land for growing the crops. It includes ploughing of land, keeps the land free from weeds, makes the soil leveled, and in preparation of the soil. 

Plough is a tool which is used by the farmers for cultivation of the soil, planting for the sowing of seeds and turning over the soil and cut furrows. Soil turning plows are generally made of iron and is drawn by tractors.                        

So, the correct option is 'High speed'.

Extraction of juice from sugarcane by crushing the cane can be done either by bullock-operated can crusher or in power-operated cane crushers. 60-65% sugarcane juice can be extracted by using bullock-operated cane-crusher.

• Cultivators can be used instead of the hoe. Cultivators are used to stir and pulverize the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing to kill weeds. Unlike a harrow, which disturbs the entire surface of the soil, cultivators are designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. 

• The advantage of agricultural methods that require repeated ploughing is that they allow mono-cropping on a large scale at remote locations, using industrial machinery rather than human labor.
• Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (polyculture). 

• Shaping the soil includes piling soil around the base of plants (hilling), creating narrow furrows (drills) and shallow trenches for planting seeds and bulbs. Weed control with a hoe can be by agitating the surface of the soil or by cutting foliage from the roots and clearing the soil of old roots and crop residues. 

• A ridging plough is used for crops, such as potatoes or scallions, which are grown buried in ridges of soil using a technique called as ridging or hilling. 
• A ridging plough has two mould boards facing away from each other, cutting a deep furrow on each pass, with high ridges either side. 

• Hoe is a long-handled gardening tool with a thin metal blade, used mainly for weeding. Draw hoe is used for shaping the soil. 
• There are many types of draw hoe, like ridging hoe, hoe dads, etc. Swoe hoe and collinear hoes are types of scuffle hoe. 

• Scottish hand plow is used solely by human effort rather than with animal or machine assistance and is pulled backward by the operator, requiring great physical effort. It is particularly used for the second breaking of ground. The tool is typically found on smallholdings too small or poor to merit the use of animals. 

• A chisel plough is a common tool which is used to get deep tillage (prepared land) with limited soil disruption. 
• The main function of this plough is to loosen and aerate the soils while leaving crop residue at the top of the soil. 
• This plough can be used to reduce the effects of compaction and to help break up the hardpan. 
• Unlike many other ploughs, the chisel will not invert or turn the soil. This characteristic has made it a useful addition to no-till and low-till farming practices that attempt to maximise the erosion-prevention. 

Agriculture Hoe is a long handle with thin, flat blade tool, which is used to dig the surface of the ground, pick out the weeds etc. Draw hoes are used to remove weeds without moving the mound soil and Scuffle hoes are used to cut the root of weeds easily and cultivate the soil. Thus, the correct option is B.

• A plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. 
• The various types of ploughs used in agriculture are chisel, ridging, Scottish hand plough, mole plough etc. 

• Hoe is a long-handled gardening tool with a thin metal blade, used mainly for weeding. The human damage caused by long-term use of short-handled hoes, 
• which required the user to bend over from the waist to reach the ground, and caused permanent, crippling lower back pain to farmworkers. 

A harrow is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. Harrows were originally drawn by draft animals, such as horses, mules, or oxen. In modern practice, they are almost always drawn by tractor-mounted implements. 

Plough is a tool which is used by the farmers for cultivation of the soil, planting for the sowing of seeds and turning over the soil and cut furrows. The tool is pulled through the ground in order to prepare furrows on the land. Draft of the plow does not affect the length of furrows. 

Plough is a tool which is used by the farmers for cultivation of the soil, planting for the sowing of seeds and turning over the soil and cut furrows. The tool is pulled by oxen or tractors through the ground in order to prepare furrows on the land. 

Ploughing is the method of sowing seeds, cutting furrows and turning the soil. It is done by the tool called plough. Ploughing by halai making is the method which is most practiced. It is the easiest method of ploughing.