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Industries and impact - class-IX

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What was the nature of the work that a scavenger has to do in a factory in early nineteenth-century Britain?

  1. The scavenger has to start the machine daily

  2. The scavenger has to take the brush and sweep under the wheels

  3. The scavenger has to make the other factory workers work properly

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

What problems developed during the Industrial Revolution as the towns grew?

  1. There was an increased demand for houses

  2. Overcrowding in existing houses

  3. New houses were not always well planned or well built

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Why did people moved into the towns during the Industrial Revolution?

  1. There were jobs in new factories and industries

  2. There were jobs in the trade supporting the population in towns

  3. In the countryside, there was poverty and unemployment

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Which of the following was an important feature of Industrial Revolution?

  1. Rapid growth of weapons of mass destruction

  2. Rapid growth of towns

  3. Rapid growth of democracy

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following was not a feature of Common Land?

  1. Commons helped sustain the meagre income of the poor

  2. All villagers had access to the commons

  3. Here the poor fished in ponds, collected fuel, food and fodder

  4. Villagers cultivated land and shared the produce


Correct Option: D

In the old three-field system, wheat and barley were grown in two of the fields: the third was ___________.

  1. left fallow

  2. planted with lagumes

  3. both a and b

  4. neither a nor b


Correct Option: C

Unlike 16th century enclosures those in the 18th century were undertaken to ________.

  1. increase grain production

  2. created by individuals

  3. lacked state support

  4. result of pressure from landowners


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In the 16th century enclosures proceeded slowly and were created by individual landlord with the intention to promote sheep farming. In the 18th century, unlike the 16th century, there was a frantic effort to enclose lands, signifying changing times. Land was enclosed to promote grain production. Hence, Option A is correct.

16th century enclosures were driven by ________.

  1. land grab

  2. parliamentary legislation

  3. desire to increase grain production

  4. to improve breeding and expand wool production


Correct Option: D

Which of the following was an important factor in farmers investing in threshing machines?

  1. Labour shortage

  2. To reduce dependence on labour

  3. Insolence of labourers

  4. High wages demanded by labourer


Correct Option: B

What were the effects of the long working hours for children in factories in England during the late nineteenth century?

  1. Children enjoyed a lot working in factories

  2. Many children suffered from knock-knees diseases

  3. Children who worked in factories got a good education in private schools

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is true regarding life in a factory in the early nineteenth century?

  1. People had to work very long hours for low wages.

  2. It was normal for people to work 10 to 12 hours six days a week.

  3. Usually factory workers got Sunday off to allow them to go to church.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

What were the advantages of the four- field crop rotation system?

  1. It allowed all the land used each year.

  2. Turnips provided food for animals, and the animal's dung could be used as a fertilizer for the soil.

  3. Farmers made bigger profits.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Who amongst the following gained most from enclosures?

  1. Rich landowners

  2. Traders

  3. State

  4. The poor


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The process of enclosure was sometimes accompanied by force, resistance, and bloodshed, and remains among the most controversial areas of agricultural and economic history in England. Marxist historians argue that rich landowners used their control of state processes to appropriate public land for their private benefit. Enclosures were now seen as important for making long-term investments on land and for planning crop rotations to improve the soil. Enclosures also helped rich landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market. Hence, Option A is correct.

Who was the most famous pioneer of selective crossbreeding during Enclosure movement in England?

  1. Robert Bakewell

  2. Charles Darwin

  3. Andrew Meikle

  4. Charles Townshend


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In the mid-18th century, two British agriculturalists, Robert Bakewell and Thomas Coke, introduced selective breeding as a scientific practice and used inbreeding to stabilize certain qualities in order to reduce genetic diversity. Bakewell was also the first to breed cattle to be used primarily for beef. Hence, Option A is correct.
Among the rest of the options, Charles Robert Darwin was a British naturalist and biologist known for his theory of evolution and his understanding of the process of natural selection.
Andrew Meikle was a Scottish mechanical engineer credited with inventing the threshing machine, a device used to remove the outer husks from grains of wheat.
Charles Townshend was a British politician who held various titles in the Parliament of Great Britain. His establishment of the controversial Townshend Acts is considered one of the key causes of the American Revolution. Hence, these are incorrect. 

What were the benefits of crossing Longhorn sheep with Linchon Sheep? 

  1. It produced a new breed, New Leicester Sheep.

  2. New Leicester sheeps put on weight quickly which enabled farmers to gain more profits

  3. Both A and B

  4. Neither A nor B


Correct Option: C

Why Michael Sadler's committee was set up?

  1. To investigate the rights of black people in England

  2. To investigate the food shortage in the countryside

  3. To investigate war crimes

  4. To investigate child labour


Correct Option: D

In accordance with the 1842 Mines Act, how many paid inspectors were appointed?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mines and Collieries Act 1842 (c. 99), commonly known as the Mines Act 1842, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act prohibited female labour as well as the employment of boys under ten years old in coal mines. It was a response to the working conditions of children revealed in the Children's Employment Commission (Mines) 1842 report. The Commission was headed by Lord Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. An inspector of mines was first appointed in 1843 under an Act of 1842. This Act prohibited payment by truck and the employment of women and girls and regulated the employment of boys in mines and collieries. The inspector had no powers to inspect the construction or safety of mines until the passage of the Coal Mines Inspection Act 1850. The 1842 Mines Act had not dealt specifically with safety in mines, and only one Inspector (H.S. Tremenheere) had been appointed as a result, with only limited powers under the Act. Hence, Option A is correct. Four inspectors were appointed by The 1850 Coal Mines Inspection Act. The rest of the numbers are not mentioned in the acts, hence, incorrect. 

What were provisions of the 1836 Civil Registration Act?

  1. It made compulsory to record births

  2. It made compulsory to record deaths

  3. It made compulsory to record marriages

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

According to the 1844 Factory Act, children aged 9-13 were limited to _______ work per day.

  1. Five and a half hours

  2. Six and a half hours

  3. Seven and a half hours

  4. Eight and a half hours


Correct Option: B

What were the provisions of the 1842 Mines Act?

  1. It made illegal for women to be employed underground

  2. It made illegal for children under ten years of age to be employed underground

  3. Both A and B

  4. B Only


Correct Option: C

The 1867 Factory Extension Act extended the previous factory acts to all places of industry employing ___________.

  1. more than 30 workers

  2. more than 50 workers

  3. more than 70 workers

  4. more than 100 workers


Correct Option: B

What was the average life expectancy of laborers in urban Liverpool in 1842?

  1. 15 years

  2. 25 years

  3. 35 years

  4. 40 years


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Poor nutrition, disease, lack of sanitation, and harmful medical care in these urban areas had a devastating effect on the average life expectancy of British people in the first half of the 19th century. The Registrar General reported in 1841 that the average life expectancy for labourers in urban areas were 15 in Liverpool, 19 in Leeds, 39 in Rutland and 17 in Manchester. Hence, Option A is correct. In rural areas of England it  was 40 years of age but was only 35 in London and an alarming 25 in Haley. Since the rest of the figures correspond to rural population, and not urban labourers, hence, these are incorrect. 

For poor farmers machines brought misery because of _________.

  1. Displacement

  2. Banks refused loans

  3. Banks gave loans

  4. Indebtedness


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

For the poorer farmers, machines brought misery. Many of them bought these machines, imagining that wheat prices would remain high and profits would flow in. If they had no money, the banks offered loans. Those who borrowed found it difficult to pay back their debts. Many of them deserted their farms and looked for jobs elsewhere. 

When did the third Cholera epidemic occur in England in the nineteenth century?

  1. 1852-53

  2. 1873-74

  3. 1888-89

  4. 1892-93


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Between 1852 and 1923, the world would see four more cholera pandemics. The third pandemic, stretching 1852–1859, was the deadliest. It devastated Asia, Europe, North America and Africa, killing 23,000 people in Great Britain alone in 1854, the worst single year of cholera. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest timelines, in 1873-74, the fourth epidemic occurred in Hungary. And the fifth spanned 1892-93. Hence, these are incorrect. 

Which act was passed to give protection to children from the exploitation in England?

  1. Factory Act

  2. Workers Act

  3. Labour Act

  4. Mill Act


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows:
  • no child workers under nine years of age
  • employers must have an age certificate for their child workers
  • children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day
  • children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day
  • children are not to work at night
  • two hours schooling each day for children
  • four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law

When was the first effective factory law was passed for the textile factories? 

  1. 1933

  2. 1836

  3. 1842

  4. 1853


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Factory Act of 1833, passed after Sadler had left Parliament, restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12. Sadler's health was fatally impaired by his strenuous work with the committee.The Factory Act of 1833, passed after Sadler had left Parliament, restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12. Sadler's health was fatally impaired by his strenuous work with the committee. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest, none of the dates correspond to the bill being passed, hence, incorrect.

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