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Some infectious diseases - class-VIII

Description: some infectious diseases
Number of Questions: 56
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Tags: biology health and diseases infectious diseases
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Which of these diseases can spread due to the coughing of the patient?

  1. AIDS, T.B. and hepatitis

  2. T.B., influenza and cholera

  3. T.B. and influenza

  4. T.B. and hepatitis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Influenza is caused by Haemophilus influenzae.  The infected person coughs and sneezes. These diseases are transmitted through the air droplets while sneezing and coughing. The causative agent survives in the air droplets and through the air, the disease is transmitted to the other person. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Symptoms of TB include

  1. Fever

  2. Weight loss

  3. Attacks

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Early symptoms of active TB can include weight loss, fever, night sweats and loss of appetite. Symptoms may be vague, however, and go unnoticed by the affected person. For some, the disease either goes into remission (halts) or becomes chronic and more debilitating with cough, chest pain and bloody sputum (saliva). 

BCG is vaccine meant for protection against 

  1. Mumps

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Poliomyelitis

  4. Tetanus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine which is primarily used against tuberculosis. In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as close to the time of birth as possible. In areas where tuberculosis is not common, only children at high risk are typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis are individually tested for and treated.

So, the correct answer is 'Tuberculosis'.

Sign and symptoms of a particular diseases are shown related to tuberculosis?

  1. Evening rise of temperature, coughing and weight loss

  2. Infection is nasal cavity, headache, pain in stomach

  3. Infection in alveoli, chills, fever and cough

  4. Intestinal infection, persistent fever


Correct Option: A

Administering BCG vaccine is a preventive measure against

  1. Tuberculosis 

  2. Typhoid

  3. AIDS

  4. Cholera


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

BCG vaccine stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. It is a vaccine against tuberculosis and for the treatment of some bladder cancers.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Tuberculosis can be prevented through vaccination with

  1. MMR

  2. TAB

  3. ELISA

  4. BCG


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

BCG, or Bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB). It is made from weakened tuberculosis bacteria that infect cows, similar to the human form of tuberculosis. The vaccine is 70-80% effective against the most severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis in children.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following is/are correct regarding tuberculosis?

  1. It commonly affects the lungs.

  2. Bacteria releases tuberculin toxin.

  3. Patient's sputum contains blood.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person via droplets from the throat and lungs of people with the active respiratory disease. The bacteria release toxins known as tuberculin which destroys the organs it infects. The symptoms of active TB of the lung are coughing, sometimes with sputum or blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. Tuberculosis is treatable with a six-month course of antibiotics.

Vaccines are available for which of the following disease?

  1. Tuberculosis

  2. Brain tumor

  3. Sickle cell anaemia

  4. Common cold


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is commonly used against tuberculosis. It is normally given to children as it has been shown to provide very good protection against the disseminated forms of TB in children, including TB meningitis. The other diseases do not have any vaccines yet.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Which of the following are symptoms of TB?

  1. Coughing

  2. Fever

  3. Loss of appetite

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Although your body may harbour the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, your immune system usually can prevent you from becoming sick. Several signs and symptoms of active TB include: coughing that lasts three or more weeks, coughing up blood, chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite etc. 

How can you prevent from acquiring Tuberculosis?

  1. Not eating food with others

  2. Using face masks

  3. Going to TB prone regions

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tuberculosis is a primarily an airborne disease. The causative agent for the disease is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria are spread from person to person in tiny microscopic droplets through the air. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Tuberculosis can affect which parts of the body apart from lungs?

  1. Kidneys

  2. Spine

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of your body, including your kidneys, spine or brain. When TB occurs outside your lungs, signs and symptoms vary according to the organs involved. For example- tuberculosis of the spine may give you back pain and tuberculosis in your kidneys might cause blood in your urine. 

Which of the following is not a symptom of tuberculosis?

  1. Increase in body weight and tiredness.

  2. More than two weeks of coughing bouts.

  3. Thick yellowish green sputum produced.

  4. An X-ray shows dark spots in the lungs.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The symptoms are a loss of the body weight, fatigue, there is a cough for more than two weeks with mucus and blood, the color of the sputum is yellowish or green. The X-ray shows spots in the lungs due to the infection.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Night sweat is associated with which of the following diseases?

  1. Typhoid

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Tetanus

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Symptoms of active Tuberculosis can depend on what part of the body has been infected. The symptoms include cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, a cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigueTuberculosis can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Loss of body weight, persistent cough with blood and sputum of yellowish- green colour are the symptoms of

  1. Tuberculosis.

  2. Typhoid.

  3. Hepatitis-B.

  4. Cholera.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculae. The symptoms include loss of body weight, cough with mucus and blood and the color of the sputum turns to yellowish or green. The disease is transmitted through the air droplets while sneezing and coughing. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can attack on

  1. Lungs.

  2. Kidney.

  3. Bone.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The most common type of TB is pulmonary TB. In this, Mycobacterium tuberculosis attack on lungs. The source of infection for getting pulmonary TB is inhalation of TB bacteria which generally settles in lungs. 
TB also affects other parts of the body. This is called as extrapulmonary TB. Extrapulmonary TB includes meningitis TB affecting the brain. The other sites which are attacked by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are lymph node, bones, kidney, spine, etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The first symptom of active TB develops about .......... after infection.

  1. 6-8 weeks

  2. 1 week

  3. 1 month

  4. 6-8 days


Correct Option: A

Select the correct preventive measures of tuberculosis.

  1. Isolation of infected person

  2. BCG vaccine

  3. Use of face mask

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. BCG vaccine is given for protection against tuberculosis as a preventive measure. Since tuberculosis is an airborne disease, the person who is infected by tuberculosis should be kept in isolation so that he does not spread bacteria by coughing or sneezing. Also, to protect oneself from getting tuberculosis, one should wear a facemask so that tuberculosis bacteria is not inhaled and does not cause infection. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The most common side effect of anti-TB treatment is

  1. Hepatotoxicity.

  2. Hypertoxicity.

  3. Cytotoxicity.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A

A disease which causes maximum deaths in children is 

  1. Diphtheria

  2. Measles

  3. Tuberculosis

  4. Whooping cough


Correct Option: C
Explanation:


  • Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. The symptoms of active TB is a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
    • Tuberculosis responsible for causing maximum deaths in children. If not diagnosed and treated at early stages.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tuberculosis'.

BCG vaccine is related to

  1. Emphysema

  2. Pneumonia

  3. Polio

  4. Tuberculosis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. The BCG vaccine is made from a weakened form of a bacterium closely related to human TB. The vaccine is 70-80% effective against the most severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis in children.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Correct diagnosis of TB is made on the basis of

  1. Positive sputum test

  2. Chest X-ray

  3. Tuberculin skin test

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. tuberculosis infection. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm. The test is read within 48 to 72 hours by a trained health care worker, who looks for a reaction (induration) on the arm. A posterior-anterior chest radiograph is used to detect chest abnormalities in TB. Lesions may appear anywhere in the lungs and may differ in size, shape, density, and cavitation. The presence of acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) on a sputum smear or other specimen often indicates TB disease.  A positive culture for M. tuberculosis confirms the diagnosis of TB disease. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

BCG vaccine provides protection from

  1. Emphysema

  2. Pneumonia

  3. Polio

  4. Tuberculosis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

BCG vaccine provides immunity or protection against tuberculosis (TB). The vaccine may be given to persons at high risk of developing TB. When used to protect against TB, it is injected into the skin. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

Bacteria which causes the disease by tissue damage is

  1. Tetanus bacteria

  2. TB-bacteria

  3. Typhoid bacteria

  4. Cholera bacteria


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease cased by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Though TB typically attacks the lungs, it can also target the kidney, spine and brain. Once the bacteria is spread, Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows in the throat and lungs after two to eight weeks after infection. It then can either be fought off entirely by the immune system, remain in the body in a latent state, or develop into active TB. If it is active TB, it can then become skeletal TB, genital tract TB, urinary tract TB, CNS TB, gastrointestinal TB, adrenal TB or cardiac TB. The tissue damage results from the lymphoid cells releasing toxic substances rather than from bacterial toxins. The bacteria actually cause macrophages to form granulomas. These granulomas can liquefy and cause bacteria to spill into the lungs to cause large  cavities to form active TB. The bacteria breed in the cavities. Thus, the tissue destruction results from cell-mediated hypersensitivity.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

_______ TB does not show any symptoms of its presence.

  1. Latent

  2. Active

  3. Acquired

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Latent TB is the condition in which you have a TB infection, but the bacteria remain in your body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms. Latent TB, also called as an inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious. It can turn into active TB, so treatment is important for the person with latent TB and to help control the spread of TB in general. 

An antibiotic used to kill an inactive TB causing agent is 

  1. Cephalosporin

  2. Rifampicin

  3. Ethambutol

  4. Pyrazinamide


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tuberculosis is treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin. Rifampicin is a broad spectrum antibiotic and hence can prevent other bacterial infections also. Rifampicin serves as the potent inhibitor of bacterial RNA synthesis. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Rifampicin'.

.......... stage of TB does not show any symptoms.

  1. Pulmonary

  2. Latent

  3. Active

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Latent TB is the condition in which you have a TB infection, but the bacteria remain in your body in an inactive state and cause no symptoms. Latent TB, also called as an inactive TB or TB infection, is not contagious. It can turn into active TB, so treatment is important for the person with latent TB and to help control the spread of TB in general.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A patient suffering from cough last 20 days or longer, may have an infection of

  1. TB.

  2. HIV.

  3. Hepatitis.

  4. Typhoid.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Symptoms of active TB can depend on what part of the body has been infected. If active TB occurs in the lungs, the symptoms can include a cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, breathing difficulty, weight loss, cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, and fatigue. TB can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The drug treatment for the prevention of TB is called as

  1. Immunization.

  2. Vaccination.

  3. Prophylaxis.

  4. Chemoprophylaxis.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chemoprophylaxis is the method of administrating medicines for preventing disease. It is also called as Chemoprevention. Tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis is used to prevent the infection or it is also used to avoid development of disease in a person who is having latent TB. Isoniazid drug is most commonly given as a preventive measure. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

.......... do not affect the lungs of the pateint.

  1. Pulmonary TB

  2. Extrapulmonary TB

  3. Lymph node TB

  4. Abdominal TB


Correct Option: B

Coughing up blood or mucus, chest pain, breathing difficulty, weight loss and fatigue are the symptoms of

  1. Primary stage of TB.

  2. Pulmonary TB.

  3. 6 months after TB infection.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Symptoms of active TB can depend on what part of the body has been infected. If active TB occurs in the lungs, the symptoms can include a cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, breathing difficulty, weight loss, cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, and fatigue. TB can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is most common in children?

  1. Meningitis TB

  2. Skeletal TB

  3. Lymph node TB

  4. Pulmonary TB


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The most common type of TB in children is pulmonary TB. In about 70 -80% of the children affected by TB, it is pulmonary TB. The rest 20% is non-pulmonary TB. The source of infection for children getting pulmonary TB is inhalation of TB bacteria which generally settles in lungs.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The preventive therapy for the people with latent TB is 

  1. BCG.

  2. Isoniazid.

  3. Ethambutol.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. BCG vaccine is given for protection against tuberculosis as a preventive measure. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent for the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. Ethambutol is used to treat active TB infection along with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The bacterial disease cholera is accompanied by 

  1. Peptic ulcers

  2. Rapid loss of fluid from the intestine

  3. Infection of heart muscles

  4. Rose spots


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can cause severe diarrhea, which comes on suddenly and may quickly cause dangerous fluid loss - as much as a quart (about 1 liter) an hour.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is/are symptom/s of cholera?

  1. Diarrhoea

  2. Dehydration

  3. Fever

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe fever. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severs decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. The dehydration may result in the skin turning bluish. Symptoms starts two hours to five days after exposure.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Which of the following are the symptoms of cholera?

  1. Diarrhea

  2. Nausea

  3. Dehydration

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Most people exposed to the cholera bacterium (Vibrio cholerae) do not become ill and never know they've been infected. Yet, because they shed cholera bacteria in their stool for seven to 14 days, they can still infect others through contaminated water. Most symptomatic cases of cholera cause mild or moderate diarrhea that's often hard to distinguish from diarrhea caused by other problems. Symptoms of cholera infection may include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, dehydration. 

Association between Malaria and Anopheles was proved by

  1. Rosenhof

  2. Pasteur

  3. Ronald Ross

  4. Lancisi


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of mosquito and led to the realization, that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. He received the Nobel Prize in 1902 for his work on malaria. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Who got nobel prize in 1902 for discovery of oocyst of Plasmodium?

  1. Golgi

  2. Ronald Ross

  3. Leverson

  4. Short


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of mosquito and led to the realization, that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. He received the Nobel Prize in 1902 for his work on malaria. In 1897, Ronald Ross discovered the oocysts of Plasmodium on the stomach of female Anopheles mosquito. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Ronald Ross worked on malarial parasite in............... city

  1. Delhi

  2. Calcutta

  3. Hyderabad (Secunderabad)

  4. Madras


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ronald Ross is known for his work on malaria. He worked and discovered malarial parasite in Secunderabad near Begumpet airport and that site is declared as 'Sir Ronald Ross Road'.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Cholera patient is administered by 'saline drip' because

  1. ${Na^+}$ ions are essential for the transport of substances across the membrane.

  2. ${Na^+}$ ions are helpful to conserving water in the body.

  3. ${CI^-}$ ions are helpful in the formation HCl for digestion.

  4. ${CI^-}$ ions is significant component of blood plasma.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cholera is the infection of the small intestine and is caused by the bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. The hallmark of the disease is profuse secretory diarrhoea. So, the patients with cholera are administered by saline drip or NaCl as the sodium ions or Na ions helps in retaining the water.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Saline drip is given to a Cholera patient because

  1. NACI kills Vibrio cholera

  2. NACI generates ATP

  3. Na$^+$ ions stops nerve impulse and hence sensation of pain

  4. Na$^+$ ions help in retention of water in body tissue


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Patients suffering from cholera are given a saline drip because Na+ ions help in the retention of water in the body tissues. Severe diarrhea, vomiting, watery stools are the chief symptoms of cholera. All these lead to dehydration. Actually, cholera toxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae causes, through a series of metabolic reactions, the continuous activation of adenylate cyclase of intestinal epithelial cells. The resultant high concentration of c-AMP triggers continuous secretion of chlorine, bicarbonate, and water into the lumen of the intestine. Administration of saline not only supports the sodium-potassium pump through which water in the cell is restored, but glucose is also imported along with sodium. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae can be made potable

  1. By boiling alone

  2. By passing through filter

  3. By treating with chloride

  4. By freezing the water


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by eating and drinking contaminated food and water with the Vibrio cholerae. It is characterized by diarrhea and dehydration. This infection can ve prevented by the use of boiled water, cook food well and keep it covered and maintaining personal and public hygiene. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Acute diarrhoea and dehydration are the symptoms of 

  1. Leprosy

  2. Tetanus

  3. Tuberculosis

  4. Cholera


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. A person gets cholera by drinking water or eating food infected with the bacterium. Once swallowed, it settles in the lining of the small bowel and releases a toxin (poison) that can cause the body to flush liquid into the small bowel, resulting in watery diarrhoea. The main symptom is watery diarrhoea, which can be severe enough to rapidly drain the body of vital water, salts and minerals. The first watery stool appears 1 to 3 days after infection, and from then on the body can lose up to one litre of liquid an hour. 

Who discovered that mosquito served as carrier of malaria?

  1. Jonas Salk

  2. Ronald Ross

  3. Louis Pasteur

  4. Robert Koch


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of mosquito and led to the realization, that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes. He received the Nobel Prize in 1902 for his work on malaria. 

Treatment of cholera includes _________

  1. Oral rehydration solution

  2. Antibiotics

  3. Zinc supplementation

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy - the replacement of fluids with slightly sweet and salty solutions rice-based solutions are preferred. Zinc supplementation is useful in children. In severe cases, intravenous fluids, such as Ringer's lactate, may be required, and antibiotics may be beneficial.

A person is suffering from muscle cramps, vomiting, acute diarrhoea, dehydration and passage of rice water like stool. Which of these diseases has the maximum possibility to occur?

  1. Diptheria

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Cholera

  4. Typhoid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium which is responsible for the disease cholera. This is a disease which is transmitted due to contaminated water with feces containing the bacteria. The symptoms of the disease are frequent muscular cramps due to loss of electrolytes in acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, passage of watery stools, etc.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Saline drip is given to a cholera patient because

  1. $NaCl$ kills Vibrio cholera

  2. $NaCl$ generates $ATP$

  3. $Na^{+}$ ions stops nerve impulse and hence sensation of pain

  4. $Na^{+}$ ions help in retention of water in body tissue


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera. The disease is characterized by the loss of excess water from the body leading to a condition called profuse secretory diarrhea. Giving saline drip or NaCl helps in helps in the retention of water by the body. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Ronald Ross discovered female Anopheles to be vector of malaria while serving in

  1. Chennai

  2. Kolkata

  3. Pune

  4. Bangalore


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Sir Ronald Ross made his first major breakthrough in the study of malaria while working in Secunderabad. It was there that he raised 20 mosquitoes in 1897 and let them feed on a (paid) malaria patient’s blood. On August 20th—now commemorated as World Mosquito Day—Ross discovered the malarial parasite in the stomach of one of his mosquitoes. The next day, he confirmed that it was growing. It was in Kolkata the next year, at the Presidency General Hospital (now the SSKM Hospital), that Ross confirmed how the parasite spread. Using bird subjects to study avian malaria, he found that after developing in the stomachs of mosquitoes, the parasite would move to the salivary gland, from which it would infect new hosts.

So, the correct answer is 'Kolkata'.

Fever has nothing to do with the bad air or haunted places. This was first proved by

  1. Ronald Ross

  2. Goss

  3. Golgi

  4. Correns


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Fever has nothing to do with bad air or haunted places. This was first proved by Ronal Ross by his discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of a mosquito in 1897 which proved that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes.
  • Hence Fever has nothing to do with the bad air or haunted places. This was first proved by Ronald Ross.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Ronald Ross'.

Rehydration therapy is a must for 

  1. Diarrhoea

  2. Cholera

  3. Both A and B

  4. Diarrhoea, Cholera and Dysentry 


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Cholera is an infection of the small intestine. The symptom includes large amounts of watery diarrhoea that lasts a few days, vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhoea can be so severe that it leads to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
  • Diarrhoea is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss.
  • Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhoea and abdominal pains.
  • Hence, rehydration therapy is a must for diarrhoea, cholera and dysentery.
So, the correct answer is 'Diarrhoea, Cholera and Dysentery'.

Patients suffering from cholera are given saline drop as 

  1. Na$^{+}$ stops transmission of nerve impluse and hence sensation of pain

  2. Nacl supplies energy

  3. Na$^{+}$ helps retain water in the body

  4. NaCl functions as fuel for cellular activities


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms include large amounts of watery diarrhoea that lasts a few days, vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhoea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Patients suffering from cholera are given saline drop such as Ringer's lactate solution which contains sodium.  Excess sodium makes the body hold extra fluids in the cells because of the osmotic gradient. Hence, sodium helps retain water in the body.

So, the correct answer is 'Na+ helps retain water in the body'.

Who discovered oocysts in the stomach of female Anopheles?

  1. Golgi

  2. Lamble

  3. Ronald Ross

  4. Charles Lavern


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria.  While dissecting the stomach tissue of an Anopheles mosquito fed four days previously on a malaria patient, he found the oocysts (a cyst containing a zygote formed by the malaria parasite) and went on to prove the role of Anopheles mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans. 

So, the correct answer is 'Ronald Ross'.

Patients suffering from cholera are given a saline drip because 

  1. $Na^+$ ions help in stopping nerve impulses and hence sensation of pain.

  2. $Na^+$ ions help in the retention of water in the body tissues.

  3. NaCl is an important component of energy.

  4. NaCl furnishes most of the fuel required for cellular activity.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cholera is caused by cholera toxin released by Vibrio cholerae. The symptoms include severe diarrhoea, vomitting, watery stools. All these result in the dehydration. The cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase enzyme. This results in the continuous secretion of Cl$^−$, HCO$^{−3}$ and water in the intestine. In saline drip, Na$^+$ ions helps in maintaining the sodium-potassium pump and thus retention of water. Saline drip also provides glucose which will give energy. Hence, patients suffering from cholera are given a saline drip because Na$^+$  ions help in the retention of water in the body tissues.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Na$^+$  ions help in the retention of water in the body tissues.'

The most characteristic symptom of cholera is _______

  1. High fever

  2. Watery diarrhea

  3. Headache

  4. Persistent cough


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Explanation: The most prominent symptom of cholera is profuse, watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death.

Cholera is spread through ________

  1. Bite of female Anopheles mosquito

  2. Bite of female Culex mosquito

  3. Contaminated water

  4. The cough droplets from an infected person


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Explanation: Cholera is spread through intake of contaminated water or food in places that lack adequate sanitation facilities.

The stool of a cholera patient resembles __________

  1. Anchovy sauce

  2. Rice water

  3. Apple jelly

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Explanation: The stool of a cholera patient resembles rice water and has a typical fishy odor.

Oral _______ vaccines cannot provide life-long immunity.

  1. AIDS

  2. Cholera

  3. Malaria

  4. Cold


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Explanation: Oral cholera vaccines provide only short-term immunity, which lasts for around 2 to 3 years.

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