Temin and Baltimore discovered reverse transcriptase or RNA dependent DNA polymerase at the same time but independently of each other. For their discovery of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase, Howard Temin and David Baltimore shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Temin discovered reverse transcriptase in Rous sarcoma virus. Baltimore arrived at the same discovery through his studies on replication of RNA containing viruses starting with poliovirus and then moving to vesicular stomatitis virus where he discovered a virion RNA polymerase. 

Complimentary DNA( cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. RNA of viruses first synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) through reverse transcription. DNA then transfers information to RNA which takes part in the translation of coded information to form a polypeptide. 

Unlike other DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptase (RT) is unique in that it is able to make a complimentary DNA strand from an RNA template. Reverse transciptases are usually found in retroviruses, which use RT to make a DNA copy of their own RNA genome, which is then incorporated into the host cell's genome. 

A codon is defined as a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. These codon translates to form protein sequences.

Reverse transcription is the process of generating a complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template. The enzyme used is called the reverse transcriptase (RT).

The central dogma of molecular biology says DNA, i.e., deoxyribonucleic acid is replicated first to form a copy of DNA. This process is known as DNA replication and is catalyzed by an enzyme called as DNA polymerase (DNA dependent DNA polymerase). This replicated DNA is then transcribed to form an mRNA (messenger RNA molecule). This process is referred as transcription and this is carried out by an enzyme called as RNA polymerase (DNA dependent RNA polymerase), finally the mRNA is translated into a protein.This process is carried out by ribosomes where amino acids are incorporated. This process is known as translation. Francis Crick proposed this concept of central dogma in molecular biology which states that genetic information flows from DNA->DNA->protein. In some viruses, the flow of information is in reverse direction, i.e., from RNA to DNA. This process is known as reverse central dogma or reverse transcription. It takes place in viruses, acellular organisms where RNA replicates via a DNA intermediate. A complimentary DNA molecule is formed from genomic RNA with the help of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase ( RNA dependent DNA polymerase). Eg : HIV which is a retrovirus.

Teminism is basically a theory. It is also known as reverse transcription. It was discovered by Temin and Baltimore in 1978. In molecular biology, it explains RNA can act as template strand for DNA formation. So, it means that DNA can be synthesized from RNA.

(B) Reverse transcriptase enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription process which cDNA ( complementary DNA) is made from a RNA template.

Central dogma represents the sequential process of gene expression via four steps. Accordingly, the genetic information present in sequence of deoxyribonucleotides is transcribed into sequence of ribonucleotides in RNA which in turn serve as template to a polypeptide. The genetic information of DNA is self replicated via DNA replication where parent strand serves as template for synthesis of new DNA strands. Thus, transcription uses DNA strand template while translation uses RNA as template. But it is not always a linear process and can go upside down since reverse transcriptase enzyme synthesize DNA using RNA as template. It was first shown by Temin and Baltimore.

Tetracycline antibiotics are the protein inhibitors which inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex and prevents the translation (protein synthesis) as activated aminoacyl-tRNA bring amino acid in mRNA-ribosome complex.

Genetic information are transferred from nucleus to cytoplasm of cell through RNA. In eukaryotic cells, once precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) has been transcribed from DNA, it is processed to mature mRNA. This removes its introns, non-coding sections, of the pre-mRNA. The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule. It is implicated in a varied sort of biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

• Reverse transcriptase enzyme is an enzyme that is used to generate cDNA from RNA template through the reverse transcription process. This is seen in many retroviruses to replicate their genomes.
  
• DNA polymerase enzyme helps in DNA synthesis using DNA template, a process called replication.
  
• DNA ligase is used to join DNA fragments during DNA repair or its replication.
  

Retroviruses operate a central dogma reverse. RNA of these viruses first synthesis DNA through reverse transcriptase or RNA dependent DNA polymerase. This DNA synthesised on RNA template is called c-DNA or retroposons.

Reverse transcriptase is an RNA dependent DNA polymerase enzyme which means it uses RNA primers to synthesize DNA molecules. Reverse transcriptase enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template by the process called reverse transcription. Retroviruses contain reverse transcriptase enzyme which converts their RNA genome into cDNA that can be incorporated into the host genome. 

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus with a viral envelope, matrix proteins and core. The viral core consists of two single strands of RNA. Retroviruses containing RNA genome have reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes a DNA copy (cDNA) of viral RNA. This cDNA can be introduced in the hosts' genome and allowed to replicate to form viral proteins. Influenza and vaccinia viruses are not retroviruses.

Once inside a CD$ _4$ cell ( helper T cell ), HIV releases and uses reverse transcriptase  to convert its genetic material—HIV RNA—into HIV DNA. The conversion of HIV RNA to HIV DNA allows HIV to enter the CD$ _4$ cell nucleus and combine with the cell’s genetic material—cell DNA.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades thus changing the genome of that cell. Once inside the host cell cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern and thus retro (backward).

Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome. It is called "reverse" transcriptase because it reverses the usual direction of information flow, from DNA to RNA. Reverse transcriptase enzymes can be found in viruses, which use reverse transcriptase to make more viruses.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a DNA copy of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule produced by reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.  cDNA is also produced naturally by retroviruses (such as HIV) for integration into the host's genome.

During the transcription phase of the central dogma, DNA acts as the template for RNA synthesis. The RNA polymerase enzyme identifies the base on the DNA strand and adds a complementary base to the sequence. After transcription, translation of mRNA occurs that leads to the formation of the polypeptide sequence.

The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a specific site called promoter and initiates transcription. The promoter region determines which DNA strand is to be transcribed. Thus, a promoter region has RNA polymerase recognition site and RNA polymerase binding site.

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptase enzymes can be found in viruses, which use reverse transcriptase to make more viruses. 

Complementary DNA is DNA synthesized from a single-stranded mRNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This process is known as reverse transcription. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes. Hence it can be said that in reverse transcription cDNA is assembled on mRNA. 

cDNA or complementary DNA is the DNA synthesized from a single-stranded RNA template in a reaction catalysed by reverse transcriptase enzyme. This cDNA is naturally produced by retroviruses where RNA acts as the genetic material. It is also used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.