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Reproductive health - class-XII

Description: reproductive health
Number of Questions: 51
Created by:
Tags: reproductive health reproduction - the generating system reproduction biology life processes: reproduction, growth and development
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RCH stands for

  1. Routine check-up of health

  2. Reproduction cum hygiene

  3. Reversible contraceptive hazards

  4. Reproductive and child health care


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme was launched in October 1997. The main aim of the programme is to reduce infant, child and maternal death rates.
So, the correct option is 'reproductive and child health care.'

Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The given statement is absolutely true. People lack proper knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases and their aetiology. People also do not know the importance of using contraception, the importance of having protected intercourse and avoiding intercourse with unknown partners. So, creating awareness through seminars and school education camps among adolescence will do the needful.

Which of the following organizations developed 'Saheli', an oral contraceptive drug for females?

  1. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education And Research (NIPER)

  2. Central Drug Research Institute(CDRI)

  3. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)

  4. Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research, Bhopal


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Saheli is a new kind of oral contraceptive for females. It was developed by the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India. It was commercialized in 1991. So the correct option is 'Central Drug Research Institute(CDRI)'.

_____ means the ability of a human to reproduce and regulate the fertility.

  1. Mortality

  2. Reproductive health

  3. Woman health

  4. Biotic potential


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Reproductive health means the ability of a woman to reproduce and regulate her fertility. It also means safe pregnancy, childbirth, contraceptives, and sex. It also includes avoidance of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Reproductive health'.

In India the family planning program officially started in

  1. 1958

  2. 1991

  3. 2000

  4. 1951


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programs at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal. These programs called family planning were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. Thus option D is the correct answer. 

Which of the following is the most accepted method of contraception in India?

  1. Vaults

  2. IUD

  3. Periodic abstinence

  4. Diaphragams


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

IUD is the most common and effective method of contraception in India. It is cheap and is easily available. It doesn't affect the sexual activity of the user and can be fitted at home.  

So the correct option is  'IUD'

Reproductive health is related to

  1. Physical fitness

  2. Emotional compatibility

  3. Behavioural inter relationships

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Reproductive health as a total well being in physical, emotional, behavioral and social aspects of reproduction.

A society can only be termed as reproductively healthy if the people have physically and functionally normal reproductive organs as well as normal emotional and behavioural interactions among them in all sex- related aspects.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Which of the following is the problem related to reproductive health in India?

  1. Taboos

  2. Early marriage

  3. Elephantiasis

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

 In early marriage , since the age of the female partner is low , so as to give birth to a healthy child . Therefore the IMR & MMR are high in early marriages. Also in some parts of the rural India, there still exist some sex related taboos So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

Family planning programme was invented in

  1. 1981

  2. 1972

  3. 1962

  4. 1951


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

India was the first country in the world to establish a government family planning programme way back in 1951 . This programme not only benefits the parents , but also the nation's health . This programme created a awareness among the people about the use of contraceptives , avoiding forced abortions & various types of sexually transmitted diseases . 

So the correct option is '1951' .

Which of the following is useful in maintaining the reproductive health?

  1. Sex education

  2. Birth control devices

  3. Medical facilities

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sex education at a proper age is very important so as to maintain a healthy reproductive society. Also we need proper medical facilities & good knowledge of birth control devices to maintain the same 

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above' 

The average number of children that would be borne to a female during her lifetime is called

  1. Natality

  2. Birth rate

  3. Population growth

  4. Total fertility rate


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population is called as Total fertility rate.

So, the correct answer to the question is 'Total fertility rate'.

Which of the following is high in early marriage?

  1. MMR

  2. BMR

  3. IMR

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

IMR & MMR refer to the infant mortality rate & the maternal mortality rate respectively. While the BMR is the is the basal metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy expenditure by the body . In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, IMR and MMR is high

 So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Which of the following two statements are correct?


(i) Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) during the first trimester is generally safe.
(ii) Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant for up to two years.
(iii) Intrauterine devices like copper-I are effective contraceptives.
(iv) Contraception pills may be taken up to one week after coitus to prevent conception.

  1. (i) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (ii)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (iii) and (iv)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is done to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is generally safe up to the first trimester (12 weeks). 
  • CuT (intrauterine device) is an effective contraceptive. Cu ions released by it suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of the sperms. Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant up to 6 months. 
  • Contraceptive pills have to be taken daily for 21 days starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days, it has to be repeated. 
  • Emergency contraceptive pills can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected copulation to prevent pregnancy.

Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given below.
(i) MTP's are generally advised during first trimester.
(ii) MTP's are used as a contraceptive method.
(iii) MTP's are always surgical.
(iv) MTP's require the assistance of qualified medical personnel.

  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (ii)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP). It is less riskier during first trimester (upto 12th week) and requires assistance of qualified medical personnel. It can also be induced using chemical drugs. Mifepristone + prostaglandin are examples of this. These drugs are taken only in the supervision of qualified medical personnel.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iv)'.

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy(Amendment) Act, 2017 pregnancy may be terminated only below .......... weeks of maternal age with the opinion of a registered medical practitioner

  1. 13 weeks

  2. 14 weeks

  3. 24 weeks

  4. 12 weeks


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 pregnancy may be terminated only below 12 weeks of maternal age with the opinion of a registered medical practitioner . After 12 weeks , abortions will only be carried out on the grounds of a serious risk to the health or the life of the mother .  Also there is a list of guidelines setup by the the medical termination act of 1971 which one has to follow while doing the same . 

So the  correct option is '12 weeks' .

In which of the following case/s, it is legal to terminate a pregnancy after 12 weeks of maternal age?

  1. The continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman

  2. There is a substantial risk that if the child was born, he/she would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped

  3. To avoid possible pregnancy due to rape

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions 
  • A risk to the life of the pregnant woman 
  • A risk of grave injury to her mental or physical health 
  • If the pregnancy is caused by rape 
  • If the unborn suffer from chromosomal or genetic abnormalities 
  • Failure of the contraceptive used by the couple 
  • So the correct options are both 'The continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman'  & 'There is a substantial risk that if the child was born, he/she would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped'.

In India, medical termination act was enforced in

  1. 1971

  2. 1972

  3. 1951

  4. 2005


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions 

  • A risk to life of the pregnant woman 
  • A risk of grave injury to her mental or physical health 
  • If the pregnancy is caused by rape 
  • If the unborn suffers from chromosomal or genetic abnormalities 

Failure of the contraceptive used by the couple 

So the correct option is  '1971'  .

Which of the following is an aim of medical termination act?

  1. To improve maternal health

  2. To de-criminalize the abortion seeker

  3. Both A and B

  4. To decrease population


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions 
  • A risk to life of the pregnant woman 
  • A risk of grave injury to her mental or physical health 
  • If the pregnancy is caused by rape 
  • If the unborn suffers from chromosomal or genetic abnormalities 
Failure of the contraceptive used by the couple 
If any of these condition is not met , the MTP is considered to be illegal . So the correct option is 'both A & B'  . 

MTP is

  1. Multitrade practices

  2. Malthusian treatise on population

  3. Multiple temporary frequency

  4. Medical termination of pregnancy


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

MTP is medical termination of pregnancy or induced abortion. Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before the foetus become viable is called MTP or induced abortion.

So, the correct answer is 'Medical termination of pregnancy'.

Which two of the following statements are correct?
a) MTP during first semester is generally safe
b) Chances of conception are nil until mother breast feeds the infant upto two years
c) IUDs like copper-T are effective contraceptives
d) Contraceptive pills may be taken upto one week after coitus to prevent conception

  1. a, c

  2. a, b

  3. b, c

  4. c,d


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

a) Medical termination of pregnancy is a induced abortion which is considered safe during the first trimester of pregnancy( i.e upto 12 weeks of pregnancy). However, these are much more riskier in second trimester of pregnancy.

b) Chances of conception are almost nil as long as the mother lactates fully. This method is considered effective only upto a maximum period of six months.
c) IUDs like copper T are effective contraceptives. It prevent implantation.
d) Pills are normally taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first five days of menstrual cycle.
So, the correct answer is 'a,c'.

MTP is considered safe upto how many weeks of pregnancy?

  1. Six

  2. Eight

  3. Twelve

  4. Eighteen


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimester abortions are much more risker.
So, the correct option is 'Twelve'.

Induced abortion is

  1. IUD

  2. MTP

  3. STD

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

IUD- Intrauterine devices is a temporary method to prevent implantation.

MTP- Medical termination of pregnancy is intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before the foetus becomes viable. It is also called induced abortion.
STD- Sexually transmitted diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected persons.
So, the correct answer is 'MTP'.

MTP Act of 1971 was amended in

  1. 1994

  2. 1998

  3. 2002

  4. 2003


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 but with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are necessary to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported high till date. It was amended in 1994.

So, the correct answer is '1994'.

Induced abortion is also called

  1. STD

  2. MTP

  3. IUD

  4. PID


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
MTP refers to the Medical termination of pregnancy . It is done to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is safe if it is performed upto 12 weeks or first trimester of pregnancy.
So the correct option is ' MTP '.

Euthanasia (mercy killing) was first legalized in

  1. Switzerland

  2. Netherland

  3. France

  4. Italy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. The Netherland's parliament passed a bill legalizing euthanasia on February 20th, 2008 becoming the first country to do so.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following act forbids the practice of child marriages in India?

  1. Sandhya Act

  2. Sonia Act

  3. Sharda Act

  4. Mother Teresa Act


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 popularly known as the Sarda Act after its sponsor Rai Sahib Harbilas Sarda to the British India Legislature in India was passed on 28 September 1929, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It came into effect six months later on April 1, 1930 and it applies to all of British India, not just to Hindus. It was a result of social reform movement in India. The legislation was passed by the British Indian Government.

Having sex with a minor is called _______

  1. Sodomy

  2. Statutory rape

  3. Public Indecency

  4. Legal


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as crimes, Sexual intercourse by an adult with a person below a statutorily designated age is statutory rape. Public Indecency is the deliberate exposure of ones body in public considered as inappropriate behaviour.

Sexual abuse can be prevented by

  1. Sex education

  2. Organizing self-protection program

  3. Isolating girls from external environment

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D

Hina who studied in class 10th was suffering from depression. She does not eat properly, does not talk with anyone in school and also does not finish her homework daily. She may be

  1. Sexually abused

  2. Mentally ill

  3. Lazy

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D

The effect of sexual abuse is

  1. Sexually transmitted diseases

  2. Suicide

  3. Depression

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The person may suffer from sexually transmitted disease which has been acquired during the abuse. These people are at higher risk to perform suicides due to trauma and suffering. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. The person would show disinterest in any activities and may suffer from depression and sadness.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Sex education is necessary in schools because

  1. It provides information about sexually transmitted diseases.

  2. It creates awareness about bad touch.

  3. It provides information about reproductive parts.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. This can be prevented through sex education in which the young girls and boys should be educated about sex and how to protect from abuse. The information about sexually transmitted diseases which can be acquired through this act. The awareness about the bad touch should be created. The steps which can be taken with respect to the hygiene and cleanliness of the reproductive parts. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Sexual abuse is

  1. Molestation

  2. Violence

  3. Crisis

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The other term for describing abuse is molestation. The person is unwillingly and forcefully involved in the act. The minors are generally the main target of molestation

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Which of the following is the warning sign of sexual abuse?

  1. Bleeding

  2. Pain during urination

  3. Pain in genitals

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are certain signs which depict that the person has been sexually abused. There may be bleeding from the genital regions which may be associated with pain. The pain may be due to damage to the internal tissues of the genitals during sexual activity. There may be pain during urination. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Secondary prevention of sexual abuse deals with

  1. Short-term consequences of violence

  2. Long-term consequences of violence

  3. Immediate consequences of victimization

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is the nation's largest anti-sexual violence organization?

  1. RAINN

  2. WHO

  3. IHS

  4. FDA


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A- The Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) is an American nonprofit anti-sexual assault organization, the largest in the United States. RAINN operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline, as well as the Department of Defense (DoD) Safe Helpline, and carries out programs to prevent sexual assault, help survivors, and ensures that perpetrators are brought to justice through victim services, public education, public policy, and consulting services.

So the correct option is A.

Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technique Act was enacted in

  1. 2013

  2. 1994

  3. 2000

  4. 2014


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Indian Parliament enacted in order to stop female foeticides and control the falling sex ratio in India. This act banned prenatal sex determination. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Sita has three daughters and her mother in law accused her having daughters. But when they counseled by a doctor, she stop accusing Sita because

  1. Paternal genetic influence

  2. Maternal genetic influence

  3. Extrachromosomal inheritance

  4. Mendelian inheritance


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Paternal genetic influence is when a phenotype results from the genotype of the father, rather than the genotype of the mother. The gender of the child is determined by the father because the father's genotype is XY and that of the mother is XX. When the Y chromosome of the father fuses with the X chromosome of the mother the child will have a genotype XY and it will be a boy.  When the X chromosome of the father fuses with the X chromosome of the mother the child will have a genotype XX and it will be a girl. Hence the father is responsible for the gender of the child. This was explained by the doctor to Sita's mother in law, so she stopped accusing her of having daughters. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Which of the following technique is misused for sex determination of foetus?

  1. Chromatography

  2. Ultrasound

  3. X- ray radiography

  4. CT scan


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An ultrasound scan is a medical test which uses high-frequency sound waves to capture live images from the inside of human body. It is also used for sex determination of fetus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

The aim of primary prevention is to target certain illegal behaviour

  1. After its establishment

  2. Before its establishment

  3. From the birth of the person

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

The negative effect of sexual abuse is

  1. Schizophrenia

  2. Sexually transmitted disease

  3. Depression

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the thinking capability of the person is affected. The person may suffer from sexually transmitted disease which has been acquired during the abuse. The person may suffer from depression due to trauma of sexual act.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

The strategy to minimize the possibility of reoccurrence of the sexual violence is 

  1. Primary prevention

  2. Secondary prevention

  3. Tertiary prevention

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sexual abuse or violence is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The steps or the approaches which are taken after the act in order to prevent the reoccurrence of the act is known as the tertiary form of prevention. The criminals are punished and imprisoned. The victim is safeguarded and protected to prevent the act to be taken place again.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

The behavioural sign of sexual abuse is

  1. Night terror

  2. Unusual fear

  3. Depression

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. The person may be terrified during nights thinking or dreaming about the same situation during the abuse. This would result in the generation of a state of unusual fear. The person would suffer from depression and sadness. The person would remain isolated. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which of the following are at the higher risk of suicide?

  1. Sexually abused

  2. Psychic patient

  3. HIV patient

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The person who has been sexually abused suffer from terror, depression, trauma, etc. These people are at higher risk to perform suicides due to trauma and suffering. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Disinterest in activities that a child enjoyed a lot can be the warning sign of

  1. Sexual abuse

  2. Depression

  3. Bacterial infection

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D

Identify the correct preventive measures of sexual violence

  1. Organizing sexual harassment workshop.

  2. Promote negative influence of sexual violence through media.

  3. Sex education in schools.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. Workshops and programs which educate and create awareness regarding sexual forms of harassment should be organised. The negative consequences about this type of violence can be made known with the help of media. Young girls and boys should be educated about sex and how to protect self from abuse in schools and other places.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which of the following describes responses that occur after a sexual assault?

  1. Primary prevention

  2. Secondary prevention

  3. Tertiary prevention

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The steps which can be taken after a sexual assault case takes place are secondary and tertiary form of prevention. The steps which are the short term consequences are to catch the perpetrator, treatment of the victim for any injuries, counselling of the victim, etc. The steps or the approaches which are taken after the act in order to prevent the reoccurrence of the act is known as the tertiary form of prevention. The criminals are punished and imprisoned. The victim is safeguarded and protected to prevent the act to be taken place again.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Sex education program comes under

  1. Primary prevention

  2. Secondary prevention

  3. Tertiary prevention

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sexual abuse or violence is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are certain steps which can be taken to prevent this act to take place. The steps or the approaches which are taken before any such act occurs is known as the primary form of prevention. The minors may be educated with topics related to sex, abuse and violence and trained for self protection.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

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