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Pricing strategies - class-XII

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Consider the following

    1. Pricing objective
    2. Pricing methods
    3. Pricing strategies
    4. Pricing decision
    Arrange them in correct sequence

    1. (1), (3), (2), (4)

    2. (1), (4), (3), (2)

    3. (2), (1), (4), (3)

    4. (4), (2), (3), (1)


    Correct Option: A

    Consider the following

      1. Changes in quality
      2. Changes in compositions
      3. Tastes and preferences
      4. Price differences
      Which of the above impose limitations in the use of price indices to measure the terms o

      1. 1 and 2

      2. 2 and 3

      3. 1, 2 and 3

      4. 1, 2 and 4


      Correct Option: D

      Tender Price means _______________.

      1. Quotation Price

      2. Probable Sale Price

      3. Price informed to the customer

      4. All of the above


      Correct Option: D

      Securities with less predictable prices and have longer maturity time is considered as ______________.

      1. cash equivalents

      2. long-term investments

      3. inventories

      4. short-term investments


      Correct Option: D

      If actual selling price is 500,actual result is 500,actual result is 250 and actual units sold are 350, then selling price variance will be _____________.

      1. $87, 500

      2. $97, 500

      3. $67, 500

      4. $57, 500


      Correct Option: A

      The exchange value of a good or service in terms of money is?

      1. Cost

      2. Price

      3. Profit

      4. Sales


      Correct Option: B

      Pricing policies may be classified into.

      1. Target rate of return

      2. Stability in prices

      3. Maximising profit

      4. Minimising cost


      Correct Option: D

      Which of the following is not a geographic pricing?

      1. FOB pricing

      2. Zone pricing

      3. Basic point pricing

      4. Dual pricing


      Correct Option: D

      Price ling is closely related to.

      1. Psychological prices

      2. Customary prices

      3. Prestige prices

      4. Both (A) and (B)


      Correct Option: D

      Administered pricing applies to the practice of pricing on the basis of.

      1. Cost

      2. Competitive pressure

      3. The law of supply and demand

      4. The policy decisions of the sellers


      Correct Option: D

      New product pricing is?

      1. Dual pricing

      2. Skimming pricing

      3. Prestige pricing

      4. Monopoly princing


      Correct Option: D

      Penetration pricing is opposite to the.

      1. Dual pricing method

      2. Administrated pricing method

      3. Expected pricing method

      4. Skimming pricing method


      Correct Option: D

      The skimming price policy is most convenient in the case of.

      1. New products

      2. Existing products

      3. Both (A) and (B)

      4. None of these


      Correct Option: A

      In which method of pricing does a manufacturer sell the same product at two or more different prices?

      1. Administered pricing

      2. Dual pricing

      3. Monopoly pricing

      4. Skimming pricing


      Correct Option: B

      Example of skimming pricing.

      1. First edition of text-books

      2. Railway freight rates

      3. Bus fares

      4. All the above


      Correct Option: A

      A very high price for a new product initially and to reduce the price gradually as competitors enter the market, is known as.

      1. Dual pricing

      2. Skimming pricing

      3. Monopoly pricing

      4. Administered pricing


      Correct Option: B

      The skimming price policy is profitable in the.

      1. Initial years

      2. Middle years

      3. Long period

      4. Short period


      Correct Option: A

      Dual pricing is also referred to as.

      1. Cost plus pricing

      2. Skim-the-cream pricing

      3. Target pricing

      4. Discriminatory pricing


      Correct Option: D

      Skimming price is also termed as.

      1. Cost-plus pricing

      2. Pricing at the market

      3. Target pricing

      4. Skim-the-cream-pricing


      Correct Option: D

      Match the following.

      $1$. Spatial gap a) Customers make their purchase at regular intervals, whereas production has to be organised on a continuous process
      $2$. Temporal gap b) Consumers are usually scattered, whereas production is concentrated in a few centres
      $3$. Perceptional gap c) Customers cannot have full information of producers and products available, this prevents free exchanges
      $4$. transactional gap d) Manufactureres organise large-scale production, whereas customers prefer to buy only in small quantities
      1. $1$-a, $2$-c, $3$-d, $4$-b

      2. $1$-b, $2$-a, $3$-d, $4$-c

      3. $1$-a, $2$-b, $3$-d, $4$-c

      4. $1$-b, $2$-a, $3$-c, $4$-d


      Correct Option: B

      A pricing policy designed to have the same price to customer in a specific area is?

      1. Zone pricing(Geographical pricing)

      2. Competitive pricing

      3. Customary pricing

      4. Monopoly pricing


      Correct Option: A

      Under skimming pricing, the fixation of price is?

      1. Low

      2. High

      3. Medium

      4. Minimum


      Correct Option: B

      Cash discounts to customers.

      1. Increase output

      2. Reduce prices

      3. Increase prices

      4. Encourage immediate payment


      Correct Option: B

      Under penetration pricing method, the sellers setting a.

      1. A low price

      2. Higher price

      3. Minimum price

      4. Normal price


      Correct Option: A

      Sealed bid pricing is followed in the case of.

      1. Specific job works

      2. Industrial suppliers

      3. Both (A) and (B)

      4. None of these


      Correct Option: A

      Negotiated pricing is adopted by.

      1. Wholesalers

      2. Retailers

      3. Industrial suppliers

      4. All the above


      Correct Option: C

      Which method is suitable when the producer is not sure of market reactive for a price?

      1. Skimming pricing

      2. Administered pricing

      3. Accepted pricing

      4. Sealed bid pricing


      Correct Option: C

      The total cost consists of the cost of materials and one or more of the following:-

      1. Order cost

      2. Carrying cost

      3. Shortage cost

      4. All the above


      Correct Option: D

      A firm producing a large number of products will follow the pricing strategy known as _______.

      1. cost plus pricing

      2. differential pricing

      3. product line pricing

      4. price leadership


      Correct Option: C
      Explanation:

      A product line is a group of related products under the single brand sold by the same company. Product line pricing refers to the process of setting prices for multiple products that a company offers in coordination to one another. Product line pricing aims to maximize the sales of different products by creating more complementary rather than competitive products. 

      Which cost is taken into consideration for 'make or buy' decisions?

      1. Prime cost

      2. Total cost

      3. Cost of Production

      4. Relevant cost


      Correct Option: C
      Explanation:

      Make or buy decision is the production decision made by the company i.e whether to buy the product or to manufacture the product. The cost of buying and manufacturing are both taking into consideration while making the decision. Hence, the cost of production is considered for 'make or buy' decision.

      Which of the following pricing strategies are used when adopting a penetration pricing strategy?

      1. Charging high price

      2. Charging low price

      3. Charging competitive price

      4. None of the above


      Correct Option: B
      Explanation:

      Penetration pricing strategy is a strategy where initially the prices are set low to rapidly reach a vast section of the market. This strategy initiates word of mouth and also attracts target consumers with the help of the low price set by the company. It gives the marketer a competitive advantage and also inceases the customer base of the company.

      Which of the following is not concerned with the Price?

      1. Advertising

      2. List price

      3. Margins

      4. Discounts


      Correct Option: A
      Explanation:

      Advertising is the part of promotion mix not a price mix in marketing mix.

      If the material is priced at the value that is realizable at the time of issue such a pricing method is referred to as   _________________.

      1. Standard price method

      2. Replacement method

      3. LIFO method

      4. Weighted average cost method

      5. FIFO method


      Correct Option: B
      Explanation:

      If the material is priced at the value that is realizable at the time of issue, such pricing method is called replacement method. This method is also called constant market price method.

      The capitalization rate of a company whose market price per share is Rs.28, net income is Rs.20 lakhs and the number of outstanding shares is 5.6 lakh is _____________.

      1. 0.039

      2. 0.078

      3. 0.127

      4. 0.156

      5. 0.254


      Correct Option: C
      Explanation:

      Capitalization rate = earning per share / market price of the share
      Earnings per share = 20 lakh / 5.6 lakh = Rs. 3.5714 per share.

      When a firm charges different prices for different groups of customers, it may be accused of _________.

      1. cultural relativism

      2. money laundering

      3. facilitating payments

      4. price discrimination


      Correct Option: D
      Explanation:
      Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that charges customers different prices for the same product or service. In pure price discrimination, the seller charges each customer the maximum price he or she will pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price.
      Price discrimination is most valuable when the profit from separating the markets is greater than the profit from keeping the markets combined. This depends on the relative elasticity of demand in the sub-markets. Consumers in the relatively inelastic sub-market pay a higher price, while those in the relatively elastic sub-market pay a lower price.

      The _______ represents the sum of value exchange for the benefit of having or using the product.

      1. Price

      2. Product

      3. Cost

      4. Package


      Correct Option: A
      Explanation:

      Price is a value that will purchase a finite quantity, weight or other measure of a good or services. Price is a consideration given in exchange for transfer of ownership. Price forms the essential bases for commercial transactions. It may be fixed by a contract, left to be determined by an agreed upon formula at a future date, or discovered or negotiated during the course of dealings between the parties involved.  

      Price of the product also depends upon the target customer.

      1. True

      2. False


      Correct Option: A
      Explanation:

      Price is a value that will purchase a finite quantity, weight or other measure of a good or services. Price is a consideration given in exchange for transfer of ownership. The price of a product may increase when the demand increases or reduce when the demand decreases. When the marketer wants to target the niche market, offering a high end product, the price for that product would increase, Where as when the marketer wants to target the lower class or middle class consumers, the prices would be set low. 

      Which of the following factors do not affect the fixation of the price of a product?

      1. The utility and demand

      2. Cost of the product

      3. Extent of competition in the market

      4. Social culture


      Correct Option: D
      Explanation:

      Price is a value that will purchase a finite quantity, weight or other measure of a good or services. Price is a consideration given in exchange for transfer of ownership. The price of a product may increase when the demand increases or reduce when the demand decreases. The cost of production plays the main role while fixing the price for a product as the price is almost always cost+ profit margin. To compete with the other companies in the market, price has to be around or lower than the price offered by the competitor. 

      Government and legal regulations do not affect the price of a product.

      1. True

      2. False


      Correct Option: B
      Explanation:

      Price is a value that will purchase a finite quantity, weight or other measure of a good or services. Price is a consideration given in exchange for transfer of ownership. The taxes and duties imposed on the goods and services by the government affects the final price of the goods that a consumer has to pay for the product.

      Which of the following is not a pricing objective?

      1. Surviving in competitive market

      2. Attaining product quality

      3. Obtaining market share leadership

      4. Informing the masses about the product


      Correct Option: D

      Price discrimination is defined as ___________.

      1. The practice of charging different prices to different consumers for the goods or services by slightly altering the packaging or features for the different groups

      2. Disregarding the profit motive by favoring one group of buyers over another by charging that group a lower price

      3. The practice of charging different prices to different consumers for the same goods or services

      4. The practice of selling a goods or services for the same to different groups of consumers group but slightly altering, quantity or features of the goods or services for each group


      Correct Option: C
      Explanation:

      Price discrimination refers to the charging of different price by the monopolist for the same product.  The differences maybe on the basis of brand wrapper etc. This policy of the monopolist is called price discrimination.

      "Price discrimination refers strictly to the practice by a seller of charging different prices from different buyers for the same good" -J.S. Bian

      Defraction is a situation where:

      1. prices are falling

      2. value of money is rising

      3. output is falling

      4. all of the above


      Correct Option: D

      Price is the value of a good in terms of:

      1. quality

      2. money

      3. substitutes value

      4. none of the above


      Correct Option: B

      The firm is a price-maker in which market structure?

      1. monopoly

      2. perfect competition

      3. discriminating monopoly

      4. oligopoly


      Correct Option: A

      Equilibrium price is also called:

      1. balanced price

      2. market price

      3. stable price

      4. all of the above


      Correct Option: B

      What is that market called when the good sells at the same price in all parts of the market?

      1. best market

      2. perfect market

      3. profit maximizing market

      4. rational maximizing


      Correct Option: B

      _________ evaluates how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down.

      1. Buyer Power

      2. Supplier Power

      3. Customer Power

      4. Industry Power


      Correct Option: A

      Dual system of pricing exist in

      1. Free market economy

      2. Socialist economy

      3. Mixed economy

      4. None of the above


      Correct Option: C

      In a capitalist economy, allocation of resources is done by

      1. Producers

      2. Government

      3. Planners

      4. Price mechanism


      Correct Option: D

      In India, which pricing practice is not permissible?

      1. Penetrating pricing

      2. Skimming pricing

      3. Predatory pricing

      4. None of the above


      Correct Option: C
      Explanation:

      In India, predatory pricing practice is not permissible.

      Predatory pricing is the pricing of goods and services at such a low level that other firms cannot compete and are forced to leave the market.

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