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Rural economics - class-XI

Description: rural economics
Number of Questions: 48
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Tags: rural economics poverty economics
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Which of the following is not considered as a parameter for defining the Below Poverty Line (BPL) status of a person?

  1. Food security

  2. Marital Status

  3. Debt

  4. Literacy


Correct Option: B

Which of the following statements relating to poverty in India are correct?
$1$. The concept of poverty line is helpful in assessing the extent of absolute poverty in the country.
$2$. Poverty line helps us to assess relative as well as absolute poverty.
$3$. Poverty line should change with changes in the price level.
$4$. Relative poverty can exist even in the absence of absolute poverty.
Select the correct answer using the codes given.

  1. $1, 3$ and $4$

  2. $1$ and $4$

  3. $2$ and $3$

  4. $2, 3$ and $4$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In India, the concept of poverty line is helpful in assessing the extent of absolute poverty in the country. Poverty line should also change with variation in price level but there is no relation between absolute and relative poverty. Relative poverty, when we speak in terms of relatively poor or rich, we make pairwise comparison. Person A may be poorer than or richer than or equal to person B by the scale of criterion(say income) which we take into account for comparison, call it relative poverty or inequality.

Prior to Census $2011$, in which of the following censuses was the highest sex ratio recorded in India?

  1. Census $1971$

  2. Census $1961$

  3. Census $1951$

  4. Census $1941$


Correct Option: B

Poverty lines are expressed in terms of overall _______________.

  1. Per capita income

  2. Per capita consumption expenditure

  3. Per capita entertainment expenditure

  4. Per capita development expenditure


Correct Option: A

Subsistence farming means _____________.

  1. cultivation of cash corps

  2. production of food crops just enough for self-consumption

  3. dependence on rainfall for irrigation

  4. production primarily with the motive to sell


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In subsistence fanning, a farmer mainly produces those crops which are required to meet the most immediate needs of himself and his family. These are primarily food crops, and to some extent non-food crops like cotton, sugarcane etc.

In commercial farming there is ____________________.

  1. Less labor and high mechanization

  2. More labor and less mechanization

  3. More labour and more mechanisation

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is rated the poorest region of the world?

  1. The middle East

  2. Asia

  3. Sub-Sahara Africa

  4. Latin America


Correct Option: C

'Poverty Line' means ____________________.

  1. The line of demarcation between the rich and the poor

  2. The lowest level in the ladder of economic prosperity

  3. The state at which there is a leveling down between the rich and the poor

  4. The minimum level of per capita consumer expenditure


Correct Option: D

Out of the total population of the world, about $80\%$ lives in _________________.

  1. Developed countries

  2. BRICs countries

  3. Latin America

  4. Developing countries


Correct Option: D

India's basic problem is relative poverty.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Poverty is an age-old problem.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

There is no poverty in urban areas.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Poverty line is measured on the basis of minimum nutritional intake.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Rapidly rising population is an important cause of poverty.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Rapidly rising population is the only cause of poverty in India.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Relative poverty is a universal problem.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

The concept of poverty line does not differ from country to country.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

In India, the problem of Relative Poverty is very high.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Poverty is a vicious circle.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following committees was set up to review the concept of poverty line?

  1. S Chakravarty committee

  2. D T Lakdawala Committee

  3. K N Wanchoo Committee

  4. R C Dutt Committee


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Planning Commission constituted in September, $1989$, an 'Expert Group' to consider methodological and computational aspects of estimation of proportion and number of poors in India. Prof D T Lakdawala was the Chairman of the Expert Group. The report of the Expert Group was submitted in July $1993$.

In a Poverty Pyramid index, which of the following segments of population faces the highest poverty risk ?

  1. Formal Wage Employment

  2. Informal Self-Employment: Employers

  3. Casual Informal Wage Employment and Domestic Work

  4. Informal Self Employment : Own Account


Correct Option: C

For calculation of poverty line in rural area, which of the following calories consumption per day per person has been stipulated by the Planning Commission ?

  1. 2000

  2. 2100

  3. 2400

  4. 2500


Correct Option: C

The 'Poverty Line ' is defined on the basis of _______________.

  1. Living conditions of people

  2. The standard of living of people

  3. The number of children

  4. The national requirements of 2400 calories per person per day for rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day for urban areas.


Correct Option: D

Census in India was conducted recently (2010). In the eyes of the economists and policymakers, India's demographics are very much favourable to growth. Which of the following statements is not in conformity with the traditional demographic characteristics of India and its relation with growth?

  1. India is a young country with low dependency ratio.

  2. More and more Indian youth under the age of 30 are getting better healthcare and access to quality technical education.

  3. The so-called middle class of India is happy as they have better housing and earning facilities.

  4. Indian youth are now the biggest consumers of luxurious goods; they spend discretionary income and enjoy the associated status.


Correct Option: D

A situation where we have people whose level of income is not sufficient to meet the minimum consumption expenditure is considered as ________.

  1. absolute poverty

  2. relative poverty

  3. urban poverty

  4. rural poverty


Correct Option: A

Poverty is widespread in underdeveloped countries particularly in _________ & ___________.

  1. Asia & Africa

  2. America & Russia

  3. Europe & Australia

  4. Asia & Antarctia


Correct Option: A

What does infant mortality rate refer to?

  1. The ratio of number of children who die before their fifth birthday out of every $1000$ live births

  2. The ratio of number of children who die before their second birthday out of every $100$ live births

  3. The ratio of number of children who die before their third birthday out of every $500$ live births

  4. The ratio of number of children who die before their first birthday out of every $1000$ live births


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is generally measured as a ratio of infant deaths under 1 year of age, registered in a calendar year to the total number of live births registered in the same year.

What is the minimum calorie intake for an urban person for estimating poverty line?

  1. 2400 calories

  2. 2100 calories

  3. 2300 calories

  4. 2000 calories


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There are many ways of measuring poverty. One way is to determine it by the monetary value (per capita expenditure) of the minimum calorie intake that was estimated at 2,400 calories for a rural person and 2,100 for a person in the urban area.

Poor people who regularly move in and out of poverty are called _______.

  1. usually poor

  2. churning poor

  3. chronic poor

  4. occasionally poor


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
There are many ways to categorise poverty. In one such way people who are always poor and those who are usually poor but who may sometimes have a little more money are grouped together as the chronic poor. The occasionally poor are rich most of the time but may sometimes have a patch of bad luck.
Churning poor regularly move in and out of poverty like, small farmers and seasonal workers.

Government uses __________ as proxy for income of households to identify the poor.

  1. per capita expenditure

  2. monthly per capita expenditure

  3. annual expenditure

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The government uses Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) as proxy for income of households to identify the poor.
This mechanism is helpful in identifying the poor as a group to be taken care of by the government, but it would be difficult to identify who among the poor need help the most.

Who are the urban poor?

  1. Overflow of rural poor who migrated to urban areas in search of alternative employment and livelihood

  2. Labourers who do a variety of casual jobs

  3. Self-employed who sell a variety of things on roadsides

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Scholars identify the poor on the basis of their occupation and ownership of assets. The urban poor are largely the overflow of the rural poor who had migrated to urban areas in search of alternative employment and livelihood, labourers who do a variety of casual jobs and the self-emloyed who sell a variety of things on roadsides and are engaged in various activities.

What is the minimum calorie intake for a rural person for estimating poverty line?

  1. 2400 calories

  2. 2100 calories

  3. 2300 calories

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
There are many ways of measuring poverty. One way is to determine it by the monetary value (per capita expenditure) of the minimum calorie intake that was estimated at 2,400 calories for a rural person and 2,100 for a person in the urban area.

On what basis are the poor identified?

  1. Occupation

  2. Ownership of assets

  3. Both A and B

  4. None


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Scholars identify the poor on the basis of their occupation and ownership of assets. They are identified in 2 groups- rural poor and urban poor.

When the number of poor is estimated as the proportion of people below the poverty line, it is known as _________.

  1. population Census

  2. poverty count

  3. head count ratio

  4. poverty trend


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
When the number of poor is estimated as the proportion of people below the poverty line, it is known as ‘Head Count Ratio’. Population census is conducted for estimating the population of the country. Poverty count and poverty trend are not any kind of  measure. 

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
Poverty in rural areas is _________ the poverty in urban areas.

  1. more than

  2. less than

  3. equal to

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
_______ poverty is an universal phenomenon.

  1. Absolute

  2. Relative

  3. Urban

  4. Rural


Correct Option: B

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
__________ poverty refers to the absence of minimum subsistence.

  1. Absolute

  2. Relative

  3. Mass

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
According to the tenth plan, the population below poverty line in 1999 - 2000 was ________.

  1. 20%

  2. 26%

  3. 30%

  4. 36%


Correct Option: B

Life expectancy at birth according to 2011 census is ________.

  1. 66.8 years

  2. 60 years

  3. 90 years

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

As per the newspaper reports, Standard & Poor's (S&P) has changed India's sovereign rating from 'Negative' to 'Stable'. This means
A. India's economic condition has improved a lot.
B. There is no pressure of inflation on the economy as it is well under control.
C. India's economic condition has further gone down as it has failed to control the fiscal deficit.

  1. Only (A)

  2. Only (B)

  3. Only (C)

  4. Only (A) and (B)


Correct Option: D

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
___________ poverty is found even in the rich countries.

  1. Absolute

  2. Relative

  3. Mass

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
According to the World Bank Report _________% of India live below poverty line.

  1. 40

  2. 50

  3. 30

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
According to 1999 - 2000 prices, ________ % of India's population lived below poverty line.

  1. 26.1

  2. 38.4

  3. 68.4

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

Fill in the blanks from the alternatives given.
Relative poverty reveals the _________ of income.

  1. Inequalities

  2. Equalities

  3. Increases

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

 "A circular constellation of forces tending to act and react upon one another in such a way to keep a poor country in a state of poverty" is a description of ________________.

  1. Under-development

  2. Deep-rooted poverty

  3. Stagnation

  4. Vicious circle of poverty


Correct Option: D

_______ is the mean distance below the poverty line expressed as a proportion of poverty line.

  1. Poverty Gap Index (PGI)

  2. HDI

  3. HDI-1

  4. GDI


Correct Option: A

A person living in Urban area is considered to be below poverty if his monthly income if below _________.

  1. Rs. $2000$

  2. Rs. $5000$

  3. Rs. $225$

  4. Rs. $265$


Correct Option: D

In which state the percentage of people living below poverty line is the largest? (Census 2010-11)

  1. Odisha

  2. Bihar

  3. M.P

  4. U.P


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

As per Census 2010-11 data, the percentage of population living below povery line is the highest in Bihar at 39.40%.

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