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Physical properties of ethers - class-XII

Description: physical properties of ethers
Number of Questions: 43
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Tags: chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers alcohols, phenols and ethers organic compounds containing c, h and o
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Ethers have lower boiling points than their corresponding isomeric alcohols because of?

  1. hydrogen bonding in alcohols that is absent in ethers due to low polarity

  2. hydrogen bonding in ethers due to high polarity

  3. insolubility of ethers in water due to less polarity

  4. inertness of ethers as compared to alcohols.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethers ROR cannot form intermolecular Hydrogen bond due to the absence of H attached with the electronegative atom as N/O/F, but in case of alcohols, they have -OH which can undergo intermolecular hydrogen bonding and that increases their boiling point.

Thus, Ethers have lower boiling points than their corresponding isomeric alcohols because of hydrogen bonding in alcohols that is absent in ethers due to low polarity.

Correct order of boiling points among following is: $\underset{(X)}{CH _3(CH _2) _3CH _3}, \,\,\,\,\underset{(Y)}{C _2H _5OC _2H _5},\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{(Z)}{CH _3(CH _2) _3OH}$

  1. X > Y > Z

  2. Y > X > Z

  3. Z > X > Y

  4. Z > Y > X


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The boiling point of a molecule depends on the strength of intermolecular interaction such as Vandewaal's attraction, hydrogen bonding etc.

Alkanes, such as $\underset{X}{CH _3(CH _2) _3CH _3}$, being non-polar have the weakest force of attraction called dispersion or London forces.
Ethers, such as $\underset{(Y)}{C _{2}H _{5}OC _2H _5}$, have small dipole moment or weakly polar thus have dipole-dipole interaction. This is stronger than the London forces.
Alcohols, such as $\underset{(Z)}{CH _3(CH _2) _3OH}$, are polar molecules, therefore, have strong dipolar interaction. Moreover, they form an intermolecular hydrogen bond that further increases the attraction (association).

Hence the order of their boiling point will be:
$\underset{(Z)}{CH _3(CH _2) _3OH}>\underset{(Y)}{C _{2}H _{5}OC _2H _5}>\underset{X}{CH _3(CH _2) _3CH _3}$

OR $Z>Y>X$

The_____ ethers are highly volatile and flammable.

  1. higher

  2. lower

  3. both A and B

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

The compound which has the lowest boiling point is: 

  1. $H _2O $

  2. $C _2H _5OH$

  3. $CH _3OH $

  4. $C _2H _5OC _2H _5$


Correct Option: D

The compound which has highest boiling point among the following is: 

  1. diethyl ether

  2. ethanol

  3. methanol

  4. water


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Boiling point of Diethyl ether $=34.6^0C$


Boiling point of Ethanol $=78.5^0C$

Boiling point of Methanol $=64.7^0C$

Boiling point of Water $=100^0C$

Hydrogen bonding in water and alcohol due to which they have higher boiling points.

Here, water has the highest boiling point among others.

 So correct answer is option D.

The high boiling point of ethanol $(78.2^o C)$ compared to dimethyl ether $(-23.6^o C)$, though both having the same molecular formula $\displaystyle { C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 6 }O$, is due to:

  1. hydrogen bonding

  2. ionic bonding

  3. co-ordinate covalent bonding

  4. resonance


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The high boiling point of ethanol $(78.2 ^oC)$ compared to dimethyl ether $(-23.6^oC)$, though both having the same molecular formula $C _2H _6O$, is due to Hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonding is observed when H atom is attached to more electronegative N, F or O atom.
Ethanol molecules are associated due to hydrogen bonding. This results in higher boiling point.
However, hydrogen bonding is not possible in dimethyl ether.

Maximum boiling point would be shown by:

  1. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }-O-{ CH } _{ 3 }$

  2. $\displaystyle { C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }-O-{ C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

  3. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-OH$

  4. $\displaystyle ({ CH } _{ 3 }{ ) } _{ 2 }CH-OH$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Maximum boiling point would be shown by n propanol, $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-OH$.
In n-propanol, the molecules are associated due to hydrogen bonding. Hence, the boiling point is higher.
In dimethyl ether and diethyl ether, the boiling point is lower as hydrogen bonding is not possible.
The extent of the hydrogen bonding in isopropanol is lower than that in n-propanol due to +I effect of two methyl groups.
Also, as the degree of branching increases, the boiling point decreases.

The compound which has the lowest boiling point is:

  1. $H _{2}O$

  2. $C _{2}H _{5}OH$

  3. $CH _{3}OH$

  4. $CH _{3}OCH _{3}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

D
Due to less chance of hydrogen bonding less association so low boiling point

Among ethanol, dimethyl ether, methanol and propanal, the isomers are

  1. ethanol, dimethyl ether, methanol and propanal

  2. ethanol and methanol

  3. ethanol, dimethyl ether, and methanol

  4. ethanol and dimethyl ether


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethanol $(C _2H _5OH)$ and dimethyl ether $(CH _3-O-CH _3)$ have same molecular formula but different functional groups, so they are isomers.

With ethoxyethane which compound is miscible to almost the same extent?

  1. Formaldehyde

  2. Bhutanone

  3. Butan-1-ol

  4. Propan-1-ol


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The correct option is $C$. Ethoxyethane is an ether group which is miscible to the alcohol that is Butan $-1-$ol. This is because they have the same molecular mass. 

An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having the same molecular formula. This is due to:

  1. dipolar character of ethers

  2. alcohols having resonance structures

  3. inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in ethers

  4. inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having the same molecular formula. This is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols. In alcohols, $H$ atom is attached to electronegative $O$ atom. Due to this, $H$ atom of $-OH$ group of one alcohol molecule forms a hydrogen bond with $O$ atom of $-OH$ group of the second alcohol molecule. This results in the intermolecular association. It increases the boiling point and decreases the volatility of alcohol. Such inter-molecular hydrogen bonding is not possible in others as in ethers, H atom is not attached to an electronegative $O$ atom.

The miscibility of ether with _______ resembles those of alcohol of the same molecular mass.

  1. methanol

  2. water

  3. DCM

  4. benzene


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The miscibility of ether with water resembles those of alcohol of the same moleculer mass. It is generally due to the hydrogen bonding with water in alcohol. So the correct option is $B$.

In iodine charge transfer test the color of ether compound formed is:

  1. blue

  2. pale yello

  3. brown

  4. dark red


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The correct option is $C$. Ether forms charge transfer complexes with Iodine to give a brown solution.
$R-O-R'\longrightarrow R'I-+RI+H _2O$

Which of the following is soluble in water?

  1. $CS _2$

  2. $CH _3OCH _3$

  3. $C _2H _5-CO-C _2H _5$

  4. $CCl _4$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct option is $B$. The lower number of ether is soluble in water. So dimethyl ether compound is generally soluble in water. 

The lower ether are highly volatile and flammable.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In case of ether there is no intermolecular forces which results in low boiling points or high vapour pressures. Hence lower ethers are highly volatile and flammable.

Ether is less soluble in water than alcohol.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The correct option is $A$. Ether is less soluble than alcohol in water because alcohol forms hydrogen bond with water molecule but ether does not.

Diethyl ether and methyl propyl ether are ___________ of each other.

  1. mesomers

  2. functional isomers

  3. none of these

  4. both $A$ and $B$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Diethyl ether $ \displaystyle CH _3-CH _2-O-CH _2-CH _3$ and Methyl propyl ether $ \displaystyle CH _3-O-CH _2-CH _2-CH _3$ are metamers of each other. They have same molecular formula but different alkyl groups attached on either side of the oxygen atom.

 Least boiling point is of:

  1. ethylene glycol

  2. ether

  3. water

  4. phenol


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ether has least boiling point as it cannot form hydrogen bonds. Ethylene glycol, water and phenol can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds which lead to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and high boiling points. Hydrogen bonding is possible when $H$ atom is attached to electronegative $N,\ O$ or $F$ atom.

All ethers are lighter than _________.

  1. benzene

  2. phenol

  3. acetone

  4. water


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The density of ether increases gradually with increase in the molecular mass. But their density is less than 1. And we know that the density of water is 1. Hence all ethers are lighter than water.

The densities of ethers increase gradually with ______.

  1. decrease in the molecular mass

  2. both A and C

  3. increase in the molecular mass

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The densities of ethers increase with increase in the molecular masses of ethers.

The isomerism in ether is called as ________.

  1. regio isomerism

  2. metamerism

  3. functional isomerism

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ethers show metamerism. When the two compounds have same ratios of atoms but different arrangements, then they are said to show metamerism. e.g. Methyl propyl ether and diethyl ether have same ratios of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms but different structural arrangements. Hence they are metamers of each other.

Ethers show dipolar nature due to the presence of ______.

  1. central C atom

  2. central O atom

  3. central N atom

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ethers have general structural formula R-O-R'. Hence all of them have the C-O bond. We know that the C-O bond is polar due to the difference between the electronegativities of carbon and oxygen. Hence, ethers show dipolar nature.

Which of the following is the functional group of an ether?

  1. $R - OH$

  2. $R - O - R$

  3. $R-CO-R'$

  4. $R-COOH$

  5. $RCHO$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct option is B. $R-O-R$ is generally the functional group of the ether which is non-polar and does not form hydrogen bonding. 

Alcohols and ethers are functional isomers and belong to:

  1. same homologous series

  2. same functional group

  3. different homologous series

  4. both B and C


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Alcohols and ethers are functional isomers because they have some molecular formula but different structure but they belong to different homologous series. 
$R-CH _2-CH _2-OH$         $R-CH _2O-CH _3$
     alcohol                                              ether

Ethers are functional isomers of ______ .

  1. ketones

  2. alcohols

  3. aldehydes

  4. amines


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ethers and alcohols are the functional isomers of each other. They have same molecular formula but different functional groups.

Benzyl alcohol is isomeric with:

  1. methoxy methane

  2. anisole

  3. phenetole

  4. benzyl methyl ether


Correct Option: B

Ethers having same molecular formula but different alkyl groups on either side of the oxygen atoms show:

  1. optical activity

  2. functional isomerism

  3. chain isomerism

  4. metamerism


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethers having same molecular formula but different alkyl groups on either side of the oxygen atoms show metamerism. Ethoxy ethane and methoxypropane, phenetole and benzyl methyl ether show metamerism.

Which of the following are metamerism?

  1. Ethoxy ethane and methoxypropane

  2. Phenetole and benzyl methyl ether

  3. Both a and b

  4. None of above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Ethers having same molecular formula but different alkyl groups on either side of the oxygen atoms show metamerism. Ethoxy ethane and methoxypropane, phenetole and benzyl methyl ether show metamerism.

Ethers containing two or more carbon atoms show ______ with alcohols.

  1. enantiomerism

  2. chain isomerism

  3. metamerism

  4. functional isomerism


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethers containing two or more carbon atoms show functional isomerism with alcohols. Methoxy methane and ethanol are functional isomers.

An ether with formula $C _4H _{10}O$ has:

  1. 6 metamers

  2. 2 metamers

  3. 3 metamers

  4. 5 metamers


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different alkyl groups (around the functional group) are called metamers. An ether with formula $C _4H _{10}O$ has 3 metamers.

Diethyl ether is isomeric with:

  1. butanol

  2. butanone

  3. methyl propyl ether

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A,C

Ethers exbhit which of the following isomerism(s)?

  1. Chain isomerism

  2. Functional isomerism

  3. Metamerism

  4. A, B &C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethers exhibit chain isomerism ,functional isomerism, Metamerism and Chain isomerism.Ethers with the same formula and having different carbon chain skeletons are called chain isomers.

Functional isomers : Ethers are isomeric with alcohols.
Metamerism Isomers with the same molecular formula but different alkyl groups (around the functional group) are called metamers. An ether with formula $C _4H _{10}O$ has 3 metamers.

Hence option D is correct.






Which of the following isomerisms is shown by the given two compounds?

$CH _3CH _2CH _2CH _2OCH _3$      and     $CH _3-\overset{CH _3}{\overset{|}{C}H}-CH _2OCH _3$
      1-Methoxybutane                         1-Methoxy - 2 - Methylpropane

  1. Chain isomerism

  2. Positional isomerism

  3. Functional isomerism

  4. Metamerism


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The given two ethers have different carbon atoms on the two sides of a bifunctional group (-O-). Hence these are the metamers of each other.

Which of the following is true regarding density?

  1. Diethyl ether has higher density than water.

  2. Diethyl ether has lower density than water.

  3. Diethyl ether is as dense as water.

  4. The density of diethyl ether depends on its method of preparation.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Diethyl ether has lower density than water. The density of diethyl ether is 713 kg/m$^3$. The density of water is 1000 kg/m$^3$.
Water molecules are closer to each other than the molecules of ether. This is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water which is not possible in diethyl ether.

With increase in the molecular weight, what happens to the density of ethers?

  1. Increases

  2. Decreases

  3. remains same

  4. cannot be predicted


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

With the increase in the molecular weight, the density of ethers increase.
For example, diethyl ether has a lower density than dibutyl ether.
The density of diethyl ether is 713 kg/m$^3$.
The density of dibutyl ether is 769 kg/m$^3$.

Which of the following is true?

  1. Diethyl ether has lower density than dibutyl ether.

  2. Diethyl ether has higher density than dibutyl ether.

  3. Diethyl ether is as dense as dibutyl ether.

  4. The relative density of diethyl ether and dibutyl ether depends on the method of their preparation.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diethyl ether has lower density than dibutyl ether.
The density of diethyl ether is 713 kg/m$^3$.
The density of dibutyl ether is 769 kg/m$^3$.

Which type of isomerism is exhibited by ${ C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }O{ C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }$ and $CH _3-O-\underset{CH _3}{\underset{|}{C}H}-CH _3$ ?

  1. Functional

  2. Metamerism

  3. Position

  4. Chain


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The isomerism exhibited by ${ C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }O{ C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }$ and $CH _3-O-\underset{CH _3}{\underset{|}{C}H}-CH _3$ is metamerism. They have same molecular formula but different alkyl groups on  either side of functional group.

Ether is less soluble in water than alcohol.
  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethers have oxygen attached to two alkyl groups ($R-\overset { .. }{ \underset { ^{ .. } }{ O }  } -R'$). Therefore, due to the high electronegativity of oxygen, it can form hydrogen-bond with water molecules similar to alcohol. But due to the absence of $H$ on $O$ of ether, they can only act as hydrogen bond acceptor (unlike alcohols) and thus have lower solubility in water than alcohols with similar molecular weight.

An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having the same molecular formula, This is due to: 

  1. dipolar character of ethers

  2. alcohols having resonance structures

  3. intermolecular hydrogen bonding in ethers

  4. intermolecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having same molecular formula because intermolecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols. 


The $-OH$ group of alcohol can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds whereas $-O$ group of ethers cannot form hydrogen bonds. 

Hydrogen bond formation is possible when $H$ atom is attached to electronegative $N$, $O$ or $F$ atom. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds leads to molecular association. 

Hence correct answer is option D.

Ether form peroxide in contact with air and light and it may cause explosion, since the boiling point of peroxide is: 

  1. equal to ether

  2. lower than ether

  3. higher than ether

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A

The boiling point of thioether are than those of ethers.

  1. higher

  2. lower

  3. equal

  4. nearly same


Correct Option: A

Ether which is liquid at room temperature is:

  1. $C _2H _5 - O - CH _3$

  2. $CH _3 - O - CH _3$

  3. $C _2H _5 - O - C _2H _5$

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A
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