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Declaration of human rights - class-X

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December 10 is a historical date, because on this date _______________.

  1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued

  2. United Nations Organisation was established

  3. Nonalignment movement was started

  4. SAARC's first summit was held


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10 December – the day the United Nations General Assembly adopted, in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It establishes the equal dignity and worth of every person. The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. Hence, Option A is correct. For the rest of the events, the dates are 24 October 1945, September 1961, 6–8 December 1985 respectively. Hence, these options are incorrect.

"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person" . This falls under which categories of Human Rights?

  1. Civil Rights

  2. Political Rights

  3. Social Rights

  4. Cultural Rights


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Universal Declaration of Human Right includes civil, political rights and economic, social and cultural rights. These Rights are grouped under five broad categories. Civil Rights is one of them.
CIVIL RIGHTS:

  • Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
  • All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
  • Everyone shall have the right to recognition as a person before the law.
  • Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

When Human Rights were adopted?

  1. 10 December 1948

  2. 01 January 1948

  3. 12 March 1948

  4. 11 June 1948


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948  at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

Article 4 represent which rights?

  1. Freedom from taxes

  2. Freedom from Slavery

  3. Freedom from injustice

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is/are included in human right?

  1. Right of life

  2. Right to food, clothing, shelter

  3. Right to education and health

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Right which belong to every human is called human right. Following rights  are included in human right:-

  • Right of life
  • Right to food
  • Right to clothing
  • Right to shelter
  • Right to education
  • Right to health

What is UDHR?

  1. United Nations Declaration

  2. United Nations Declaration of Rights

  3. United nations Declaration of Human Rights

  4. Declaration of Rights


Correct Option: C

Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security represent which article?

  1. Article 1

  2. Article 2

  3. Article 3

  4. Article 4


Correct Option: C

What was the main purpose of Stockholm conference? 

  1. Discussion of universal human rights

  2. Discussion of human interaction with environment

  3. Discussion of international law

  4. Discussion of human capital


Correct Option: B

Which country had taken the initiative to conduct Stockholm conference on Human rights? 

  1. India

  2. United America

  3. Sweden

  4. Pakistan


Correct Option: C

In order to establish National Human Rights Commission, India enacted the ________.

  1. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Act.

  2. Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Act.

  3. Protection of Human Rights Act.

  4. Protection of Civil Liberties Act.


Correct Option: B

Amnesty International is an international organisation which works for _______.

  1. World Peace

  2. Human Rights

  3. Justice

  4. Restoration of Democracy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Amnesty International is an international organisation which works for Human Rights.

Fundamental rights are universal, which means that they are granted to all the ___________________.

  1. Ambasssadors

  2. Citizens of India

  3. Aliens

  4. Diplomats


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fundamental rights are universal, which means that they are granted to all the Citizens of India. They are not absolute rights means they can be taken away in emergency in India.

The most fundamental principle of democracy is _______________.

  1. Economic equality.

  2. Political equality.

  3. Social equality

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The fundamental principle of the democracy upon which the democracy is founded is the political equality which provides for the participation of all people in the democratic process without any discrimination as to gender, race, caste, colour etc.

Which one of the following is not a writ, issued by Supreme Court?

  1. Prohibition

  2. Habeas Corpus

  3. Certiorari

  4. Suo-Moto


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Anything that is issued under an authority is a writ. Orders, Warrants, directions etc. issued under authority are examples of writs. There are five major types of writs viz. habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. Each of them has different meaning and different implications. In India, both Supreme Court and High Court have been empowered with Writ Jurisdiction. 

Which of the following writs or orders is passed by the Supreme Court or the High Court to ascertain the validity of an appointment of a person to a certain post ?

  1. Writ of habeas corpus

  2. Writ of prohibition

  3. Writ of quo warranto

  4. Writ of mandamus


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

It means '' by what order.'' This writ prevents public officers from forcibly or wrongly holding a high public office.

A tribal woman of Rajasthan sends a telegram to the Supreme Court that the Police has kept her in unlawful custody Which of the following writs should be issued by the Supreme Court to provide a suitable remedy to her ?

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Certiorari

  4. Quo warranto


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It means 'to have the body.' The Supreme Court or the High Court can get the body of any person released if it has been unlawfully detained by any person or by the State. It is a safeguard for the personal freedom of a citizen. 

The writ that protects the people from the illegal detention is ______________.

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Certiorari

  4. Prohibition


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas corpus is recourse in law whereby a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment before a court, usually through a prison official. The writ of habeas corpus is known as the great and efficacious writ in all manner of illegal confinement being a remedy available to the meanest against the mightiest. It summons with the force of a court order and it is addressed to the custodian and demands that a prisoner be taken before the court, and that the custodian present proof of authority, allowing the court to determine whether the custodian has lawful authority to detain the prisoner.

What is meant by 'rights'?

  1. One's demand to get everything without sharing with others.

  2. Claims of a person over other fellow beings, society and the government.

  3. Not possessing any freedom.

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Rights are legal and moral entitlements or claims of a person over other fellow beings, over society and over the government. A claim cannot become a right unless it is recognized by society. Claims that are recognized by society as rightful form the basis of rights. With changing times, the scope and meaning of rights also changes. Claims need to be reasonable, recognized by society and sanctioned by law. Rights are the basic requirement to sustain a democracy.

Which writ requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court?

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Quo-warranto

  4. Prohibition


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas Corpus literally means that you have the body. It is a prerogative writ through which a person can report unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request the court to bring the prisoner to the court and determine whether the detention is lawful.

The writ of Habeas Corpus can be issued against both public authorities as well as private individuals.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas Corpus literally means that you have the body. It is a prerogative writ through which a person can report unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request the court to bring the prisoner to the court and determine whether the detention is lawful. It can be issued by Supreme Court or the High Court against both public authorities as well as private individuals.

___________ is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform.

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Prohibition

  4. Certiorari


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mandamus is a Latin word, which means "We Command". Mandamus is an order from the Supreme Court or High Court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform a public or statutory duty. It writ can be issued against anyone, including the president or governor of the state, a private person or chief justice.

Mandamus can also be issued against any public body, _________.

  1. A corporation

  2. An inferior court

  3. A tribunal or government

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mandamus literally means 'We Command'. It is a command issued by the Supreme Court or High Curt to public official asking him to perform his official duties that had failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal or government for the same purpose. 

The writ of Mandamus cannot be issued against the President of India or the State Governors; and against the Chief Justice of a High Court acting in the judicial capacity.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mandamus is an order from the Supreme Court or High Court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform a public or statutory duty. This writ can be issued against anyone, including the president or governor of the state, a private person or chief justice.

The writ Habeas Corpus is a bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas Corpus literally means that you have the body. Through it a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful. Thus it protects the person against unlawful detention and hence is considered a bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention.

The writ Quo-Warranto is issued by the court to inquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Quo Warranto literally means "by what warrant" . It is a prerogative writ requiring the person to whom it is directed to show what authority they have for exercising some right or power they claim to hold. The Writ of quo-warranto is used to prevent illegal assumption of any public office or usurpation of any public office by anybody.

Quo-Warranto does not prevent illegal usurpation of public office by a person.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Quo Warranto literally means "by what warrant" . It is a prerogative writ requiring the person to whom it is directed to show what authority they have for exercising some right or power they claim to hold. The Writ of quo-warranto is used to prevent illegal assumption of any public office or usurpation of any public office by anybody.

Which among the following conditions are necessary for the issue of writ of quo warranto?
1. The office must be public and must be created by a Statute or by the Constitution itself.
2. The office must be a substantive one and not merely the function or employment of a servant at the will and during the pleasure of another.
3. There has been a contravention of the constitution or a Statutory Instrument, in appointing such person to that office.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. 1 and 2 only

  2. 1 and 3 only

  3. 2 and 3 only

  4. 1, 2 and 3


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option D is the correct answer as all the conditions are necessary. The term Quo Warranto means “by what authority or warrant”. It is a prerogative writ requiring the person to whom it is directed to show what authority they have for exercising some right or power they claim to hold.

Which of the following writs is a bulwark of personal freedom?

  1. Mandamus

  2. Habeas Corpus

  3. Quo Warranto

  4. Certiorari


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Literal meaning of 'Habeas Corpus' is "we may have the body'. It is an order issued by the court to a person who has illegally detained the other person directing him to produce such person in the court for examination of detention. The person is then freed if the detention is found to be illegal. Hence, this writ is the bulwark of Individual's liberty against illegal detention.

The appropriate writ issued by the court to quash the appointment of a person to a public office is that of ______________.

  1. Prohibition

  2. Quo Warranto

  3. Certiorari

  4. Mandamus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Literal meaning of Quo - warranto is "by what authority". It is issued by the court to enquire into the authority of the person occupying public office. It determines the legality of the claim of a person holding office and if found illegal such person is removed from the official position. Hence it prevents illegal occupying of public office by any person.

Which of the following writs is issued by the court in case of illegal detention of a person?

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Certiorari

  4. Quo Warranto


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Literal meaning of 'Habeas Corpus' is "we may have the body'. It is an order issued by the court to a person who has illegally detained the other person directing him to produce such person in the court for examination of detention. The person is then freed if the detention is found to be illegal. Hence, this writ is the bulwark of Individual's liberty against illegal detention.

For the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court may issue a/an _______________.

  1. decree

  2. ordinance

  3. notification

  4. writ


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Fundamental Rights given in Part III of the Constitution are enforceable in a court of law if a violation occurs. The Constitution empowers Supreme Court and High Court under articles 32 and 226 respectively to issue writs for the safeguarding of Fundamental Rights of the Citizens. The Supreme Court and High Court in the exercise of this power can issue five Writs viz., Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto.

Under the writ of 'Mandamus', the Court can _____________.

  1. ask the person to be produced

  2. ask to let a person free for a temporary period

  3. order to transfer the case from one court

  4. direct the Government to do or not to do a thing


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Literal meaning of Mandamus is "we command". It is an order issued by the court to a public official, public body, government or any corporation asking them to perform a duty which they have failed or refused to perform or stopping them not to exercise their function if it goes beyond the control of law.

Which body exposed to the world that prisoners at Guantanamo Bay were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws?

  1. United Nations

  2. International Court of Justice

  3. Amnesty International

  4. Supreme Court of USA


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Amnesty International, an international human rights organisation, collected information on the condition of the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws. They were being denied the treatment that even prisoners of war must get as per international treaties. 

The writ, Habeas Corpus, is not issued where the detention is lawful, _____________.

  1. The proceeding is for contempt of a legislature or a court

  2. Detention is by a competent court

  3. Detention is outside the jurisdiction of the court

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The writ of habeas corpus can be issued by the Supreme Court and High court under Article 32 and 226 of the Constitution respectively. The literal meaning of habeas corpus means 'to have the body'. It is an order issued by the court to produce the person illegally detained before the court. It acts as a bulwark against the detention of the person. However, the writ cannot be issued when:
1. Detention is legal;
2. It is outside the jurisdiction of the court;
3. Detention is for contempt of court or legislature;
4. Detention is by the final judgment of the court.

The writ of mandamus cannot be issued against __________.

  1. A private individual or body

  2. To enforce departmental instruction that does not possess statutory force

  3. When the duty is discretionary and not mandatory

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Mandamus is a judicial remedy which is in the form of an order from a superior court to any Government agency, court or public authority to do a specific act which that body is obliged to do under the law. Mandamus cannot be issued against the following:
1. A private individual or private body.
2. If the duty in question is discretionary and not mandatory.
3. Against president or governors of state
4. To enforce some kind of private contract.

Habeas Corpus is a _______ term.

  1. Latin

  2. Indian

  3. Egyptian

  4. Russian


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas Corpus is a Latin term. The habeas corpus (which literally means to produce the body) is a court order to a person or agency holding someone in custody to deliver the imprisoned individual to the court issuing the order and to show a valid reason for that person's detention.

Mandamus is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that _________.

  1. He has failed

  2. He has refused to perform

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mandamus is a Latin word, which means "We Command". Mandamus is an order from the Supreme Court or High Court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform a public or statutory duty. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he had failed or refused to perform.

___________ is an order issued by the court to a person who has detained another person, to produce the body of the latter before it.

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Certiorari

  4. Quo-Warranto


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habeas Corpus literally means that you have the body. It is a prerogative writ through which a person can report unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request the court to bring the prisoner to the court and determine whether the detention is lawful.

Which of the following writs may be issued to enforce a Fundamental Rights?

  1. Habeas Corpus

  2. Mandamus

  3. Prohibition

  4. Certiorari


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Literal meaning of 'Habeas Corpus' is "we may have the body'. It is an order issued by the court to a person who has illegally detained the other person directing him to produce such person in the court for examination of detention. The person is then freed if the detention is found to be illegal. Hence, this writ is the bulwark of Individual's liberty against illegal detention.

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