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Bonding in organic molecule - class-XII

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In which compound enol form is maximum

  1. $CH _3-\overset{\overset{O}{||}}C-CH _3$

  2. ${ CH } _{ 3 }-CH=O$

  3. ${ CH } _{ 3 }-\underset { || }{ C } -{ CH } _{ 2 }-CH _3\ \quad \quad \quad  O$

  4. ${ CH } _{ 3 }-{ CH _2 } -{ CH } _{ 3 }\ \quad \quad \quad \quad $


Correct Option: C

2 mole of ${ H } _{ 3 }{ PO } _{ 4 }$ has:

  1. Two $\pi $-bond

  2. Seven mole of $\sigma $-bond

  3. Sixteen lone pair of electron

  4. Fourteen mole of $\sigma $-bond


Correct Option: D

Geometry as sulphur is bent in 
I.${S} _{8}$ II.$S{F} _{2}$  III.$S{O} _{2}$

  1. I, II, III

  2. I, II

  3. II, III

  4. I, III


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

i. $S _8$ has rhombic shape.

ii.$SF _2$ has two lone pair and two particles geometry of $SF _2$ is bent or angular.
iii. $SO _2$ has one lone pair and $2$ oxygen molecules which gives bent geometry.

The enthalpy of reaction,${\text{2HC}} \equiv {\text{CH + 5C}}{{\text{O}} _{\text{2}}}{\text{ + 2}}{{\text{H}} _{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\,$
 If the bounds energies of ${\text{C - H,C}} \equiv {\text{C,}}\,{\text{O = O,C = O}}$ abd ${\text{O - H}}$ bounds are p,q,r,s,t respectively 

  1. $\left[ {8s + 4t} \right] - \left[ {4p + q + 5r} \right]$

  2. $\left[ {4p + 2q + 5r} \right] - \left[ {8s + 4t} \right]$

  3. $\left[ {4p + 2q + 5r + 8s + 4t} \right]$

  4. $\left[ {2q + q + 5r + } \right] - \left[ {8s + 4t} \right]$


Correct Option: A

Decreasing order of bond length of marked carbon oxygen bounds 

  1. $\alpha > \beta >\gamma $

  2. $\beta >\gamma > \alpha $

  3. $\beta >\alpha >\gamma $

  4. $\gamma > \beta > \alpha $


Correct Option: D

The number of $\displaystyle \sigma-bond$ and $\displaystyle \pi- bond$ in $HCN$ are respectively:

  1. $2$ and $2$

  2. $1$ and $3$

  3. $2$ and $1$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$H-C\equiv N$ contains $2$ sigma bonds and $2$ pi bonds.

Which of the following is not correct?

  1. A sigma bond is weaker than pi bond.

  2. A sigma bond is stronger than pi bond.

  3. A double bond is stronger than a single bond.

  4. A double bond between two atoms is shorter than a single bond between the same atoms.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A sigma bond is stronger than a $\pi$ bond due to axial overlapping of the orbitals.

A double bond is stronger than a single bond since now more energy is required to break two bonds.
Double bonds are $sp^2$ hybridized and are shorter in length.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Assertion: $\sigma$  is strong while $\pi$  is a weak bond.


Reason : Atoms rotate freely about  $\pi$  bond.

  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is not the true
    explanation of the assertion.

  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is the true
    explanation of the assertion.

  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false

  4. Both assertion and reason are false.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\sigma$ bond is stronger than $\pi$ bond because in $\sigma$ bond the overlap is axial while in $\pi$ bond. It is lateral.


Due to the lateral overlap in $\pi$ bond atoms cannot rotate freely in $\pi$ bond.
So, assertion is true and reason is false.

The sigma bond energy of $C-H$ bond in $C _{2}H _{6}$ is:

  1. $99\ kcal$

  2. $140\ kcal$

  3. $200\ kcal$

  4. $60\ kcal$


Correct Option: B

In carbon-hydrogen-oxygen compounds:

  1. all $O-$ to $-H$ bonds are $\pi$ bonds

  2. all $C-$ to $-H$ bonds are $\sigma $ bonds

  3. all $C-$ to $-C$ bonds are $\sigma $ and/or $\pi$ bonds

  4. all $C-$ to $-C$ bonds are $\pi$ bonds


Correct Option: B,C

$Mg _2C _3$ reacts with water to form propyne. $C _3^{4-}$ has:

  1. two sigma and two pi bonds

  2. three sigma and one pi bonds

  3. two sigma and one pi bonds

  4. two sigma and three pi bonds


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

${ Mg } _{ 2 }{ C } _{ 3 }+{ 4H } _{ 2 }O\longrightarrow { Mg(OH) } _{ 2 }+{ C } _{ 3 }{ H } _{ 4 }$ Propyne
$ { C } _{ 3 }^{ 4- }  ion $

$\left[ C\equiv C-C \right] ^{ 4- }$
$2 \, \Pi $ Bonds
$2\,\sigma$ Bonds

Give the number of $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds in (i)$C^{2-} _2$ (ii)$C _3^{4-}$ and (iii)$CN^{2-} _2.$

  1. (i) 2 $\sigma$, 1 $\pi$; (ii) 1 $\sigma$, 3 $\pi$; (iii) 2 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$

  2. (i) 2 $\sigma$, 1 $\pi$; (ii) 3 $\sigma$, 1 $\pi$; (iii) 2 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$

  3. (i) 1 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$; (ii) 2 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$; (iii) 2 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$

  4. (i) 1 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$; (ii) 3 $\sigma$, 1 $\pi$; (iii) 2 $\sigma$, 2 $\pi$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$(i)^{-}\textrm{C}\equiv C^-$  one $\sigma$, two $\pi$;  (ii) $^{-}\textrm{C}\equiv C-C^{3-}$ two $\sigma$, two $\pi$;   (iii) $^{-}\textrm{N}=C=N^-$ two $\sigma$, two $\pi$
Hence option C is correct.

There is $p\pi\mbox{-}d\pi$ multiple bonding in:

  1. $CS _2$

  2. $CO _2$

  3. $NO _2$

  4. $NO$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In $S=C=S$, p-d multiple bonding exists.
In all other molecules,
 p-p multiple bonding exists.

Which of the following compound has a lowest nitrogen-nitrogen bond length?


     $N _2,  N _2H _2,  N _2F _2$.

  1. $N _2$

  2. $N _2H _2$

  3. $ N _2F _2$

  4. All have equal bond length.


Correct Option: A

Select  the incorrect statement.

  1. Double bond is shorter than a single bond

  2. $\sigma$-bond is weaker than a $\pi$-bond

  3. Double bond is stronger than a single bond

  4. Covalent bond is stronger than hydrogen bond


Correct Option: B

Which of the following has $p _{\pi}-d _{\pi}$ bonding?

  1. $NO _3^-$

  2. $SO _3^{2-}$

  3. $BO _3^{3-}$

  4. $CO _3^{2-}$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$p \pi-p \pi$ bonding: If there is bonding between two atoms where one atom is having one vacant orbital and another is having one lone pair of electrons, then this electron pair is donated to that respective vacant orbital. This type of bonding is called $p \pi-p \pi$   or $p \pi-d \pi$ depending on the orbital to which the electron pair is donated and from which the electron pair is donated.

In the above options $SO _3^{-2}$ forms $p \pi-p \pi$ bonding.
Hence option $B$ is correct.

Which of the following statement is not correct for sigma and pi-bonds formed between two carbon atoms?

  1. A sigma bond is stronger than a pi-bond.

  2. Bond energies of sigma and pi-bonds are of the same order.

  3. Free rotation of atoms about a sigma bond is allowed but not in case of a pi-bond.

  4. A sigma bond determines the direction between carbon atoms, but a pi-bond has no primary effect in this regard.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A) A sigma bond is stronger than a pi-bond. This is because sigma bond is formed by axial overlap and pi bond is formed by lateral overlap. Thus the extent of overlap is greater in sigma bond formation than in pi bond formation.
Hence, the option A is correct.
B) Bond energy of sigma bond is higher than that of pi bond as sigma bond is stronger than pi bond.
Hence, the option B is incorrect.
C) Free rotation of atoms about a sigma bond is allowed but not in case of a pi-bond. When the carbon atoms of sigma bond are rotated, the axial overlap is not affected. but in case of pi bonds, the lateral overlap will be affected.
Hence, the option C is correct.
D) A sigma bond determines the direction between carbon atoms, but a pi-bond has no primary effect in this regard. A pi bond is present only when a sigma bond is already present.
hence, the option D is correct.

In allene structure, three carbon atoms are joined by :

  1. three $\sigma$- and three $\pi$-bond

  2. two $\sigma$- and one $\pi$-bond

  3. two $\sigma$- and two $\pi$ - bonds

  4. three $\pi$- bonds only


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Allene is $CH _{2}\, =\, C\, =\, CH _{2}$.
The terminal carbons each form one $ \sigma$ with the central carbon. The other bond formed by the terminal carbon with the central carbon is a $\pi$ bond. Hence in total there are two $\sigma$- and two $\pi$ - bonds.

A triple bond is made of :

  1. one $\sigma$- and two $\pi$ - bonds

  2. two $\sigma$- and one $\pi$ - bonds

  3. three $\sigma$- and three $\pi$ - bonds

  4. one $\sigma$- and four $\pi$ - bonds


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A triple bond is made of one $\sigma $-bond and two $\pi$-bonds.

So answer is A.

The number of $\sigma$ and $\pi$-bonds in $5$-oxohexanoic acid, respectively, are:

  1. $18, 2$

  2. $18, 1$

  3. $17, 2$

  4. $17, 1$


Correct Option: A

Number of $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds present in $CH _3-CH=CH- C \equiv CH$ are:

  1. $10\, \sigma,\, 3\, \pi$

  2. $10\, \sigma,\, 2\, \pi$

  3. $9\, \sigma,\, 2\, \pi$

  4. $8\, \sigma,\, 3\, \pi$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sigma bonds are formed by axial overlap and pi bonds are formed by sideways overlap. total number of bonds are $10\, \sigma,\, 3\, \pi$.

In $N _2$ molecule, the atoms are bonded by:

  1. $1$ $\sigma$ and $2$ $\pi$ - bonds, $2$ L.P.

  2. $1$ $\sigma$ and $1$ $\pi$ - bonds, $1$ L.P.

  3. $2$ $\sigma$ and $1$ $\pi$ - bonds, No L.P.

  4. $1$ $\sigma$, $2$ $\pi$, and No L.P.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
${ N } _{ 2 }$ molecule contains $2$ lone pairs and $1s$ and $2p$ bonds.
$:N\equiv N:$
A triple bond consist of $1$ sigma and two $pi$ bonds. Lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom, it is also called non-bonding pair.

Select the correct statement (s) about the compound $NO[BF _4]$

  1. It has 5$\sigma$ and 2$\pi$ bond

  2. Nitrogen - oxygen bond length is higher than nitric oxide $(NO)$

  3. It is a diamagnetic species

  4. $BF$ bond length in this compound is lower than in $BF _3$


Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:

$NO[BF _4]$ can be separated into $NO^+$ and $BF _4^-$. 
$BF _4^-$ has $4$  bonds, as single bonds between $B$ and $F$.
$NO^+$ has $1$  bonds, $2$ bonds.
It is a diamagnetic species.

In the cyclo-$S _8$ molecule of rhombic sulphur, all the $S-S$ bond lengths and all the $S-S-S$ bond angles are respectively (give approximate values): 

  1. $204$ pm and $105^{\circ}$

  2. $102$ pm and $120^{\circ}$

  3. $204$ pm and $180^{\circ}$

  4. $102$ pm and $60^{\circ}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There is a single bond between each pair of $S$ atoms and two non-bonding electron pairs on each $S$ atom.Thus we see four electron domains around each $S$ atom and we would expect a tetrahedral geometry corresponding to $sp^3$ hybridisation which gives us the bond angle around $109^0$.

The triple bond in ethyne is made up of:

  1. three sigma bonds

  2. three $\pi$-bonds

  3. one sigma and two $\pi$-bonds

  4. two sigma and one $\pi$-bonds


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In case of any multiple bonds, one bond is always sigma. In ethyne, rest $2$ are pi bonds.

The number of sigma and pi bonds in the structure:
$CH _2\, =\, CH\, -\, C\, \equiv\, CH$

  1. 7 and 3

  2. 6 and 2

  3. 4 and 3

  4. All are sigma bonds


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In $H _{2}C = CH-C\equiv CH$, there are $4: C-H$ sigma bonds and $3: C-C$ sigma bonds, thus it has a total of $7 \sigma$ bonds. Also there are $3 \pi$ bonds in the structure.

The number of $\sigma$ bonds and $\pi$-bonds present in $\text{pent-4-en-1-yne}$ is:

  1. $10,3$

  2. $4,9$

  3. $3,10$

  4. $9,4$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$HC\equiv C-{CH} _{2}-CH={CH} _{2}$


$\text{Pent-4-en-1-yne}$

Triple bond between $C$ and $C$ contains one $\sigma$ bond and two $\pi$ bonds. Double bond between $C$ and $C$ contains one $\sigma$ bond and one $\pi$ bond.

Total $\sigma$ bonds$=10$

Total $\pi$ bonds $=3$

Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

Identify the correct order of bond strengths?

  1. $\sigma _{p-p}>\pi _{p-p}>\sigma _{s-s}$

  2. $\sigma _{p-p}>\sigma _{s-s}>\pi _{p-p}$

  3. $\sigma _{s-s}>\sigma _{p-p}>\pi _{p-p}$

  4. $\pi _{p-s}>\sigma _{s-s}>\sigma _{p-p}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The correct order of bond strengths is $\displaystyle \sigma _{s-s}>\sigma _{p-p}>\pi _{p-p}$
The extent of overlap is higher for s orbital than for  p orbital. Higher is the extent of overlap, stronger is the bond formed.
Also, $\displaystyle \sigma$ bond is stronger than $\displaystyle \pi$ bond.

In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal?

  1. $BF _4^-$

  2. $SF _4$

  3. $SiF _4$

  4. $XeF _4$


Correct Option: B

Strength of pi bonds are generally :

  1. stronger than sigma bond

  2. weaker than sigma bond

  3. stronger than ionic bond

  4. weaker than hydrogen bond


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Strength of pi bond is weaker than sigma bond because it is formed due to lateral overlapping of atomic orbitals. 
Since, their is a sharing of electron between the two atoms, which is not in case of hydrogen bond, hence it is stronger than the hydrogen bond.
Ionic bonds are always stronger than the covalent bonds. Since, Pi bonds are covalent bonds hence, it is weaker than ionic bonds.

Pent -2-yne has how many $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds?

  1. 10 $\sigma$, 2$\pi$

  2. 12 $\sigma$, 2$\pi$

  3. 15 $\sigma$, 2$\pi$

  4. 13 $\sigma$, 3$\pi$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$CH _3-C\equiv C-CH _2-CH _3$
Pent-2-yne has 12$\sigma$ and 2$\pi$ bonds.
No. of $\sigma$ bonds = $C _1$ has 3 C-H bonds + $C _4$ has 2 C-H bonds + $C _5$ has 3 C-H bonds + 4 C-C bonds = 12$\sigma$ bonds.
No. of $\pi$ bonds = 2 bonds between $C _2$ and $C _3$.

The correct sequence of bond length in a single bond, a double bond and triple bond of $C$ is:

  1. ${(C - C) = (C = C) = (C \equiv C)}$

  2. ${C \equiv C < C = C < C - C}$

  3. $C - C < C = C < C \equiv C$

  4. $C = C < C \equiv C < C - C$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The bond length changes with the bond order like this:-

$Bond\ length\ \alpha \ \dfrac { 1 }{ Bond\ order } \ \alpha \ \dfrac { 1 }{ No.\ of\ bonds }$

As the number of bonds will increase, the bond order will increase and the bond length will decrease.
So, the correct option is $B$ 
${C \equiv C < C = C < C - C}$

$Mg _{2}C _{3}$ reacts with water forming propyne, $C _{2}^{4-}$ has

  1. Two sigma and two pi bonds

  2. Three sigma and one pi bonds

  3. Two sigma and one pi bonds

  4. Two sigma and three pi bonds


Correct Option: A

$\displaystyle:Mg _{2}C _{3}$ reacts with water forming propyne, $C _{3}^{4-}$ has:

  1. two sigma and two pi bonds

  2. three sigma and one pi bonds

  3. two sigma and one pi bonds

  4. two sigma and three pi bonds


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Structure is: $^-C\equiv C-C^{-3}$
So it contains 2 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds.

Select correct statements about $C^{4-} _3$ ion.

  1. It reacts with $H _2O$ forming $C _3H _6$.

  2. It reacts with $H _2O$ forming $C _3H _4$.

  3. It has two sigma and two pi bonds.

  4. It has three sigma and one pi bonds.


Correct Option: B,C
Explanation:

The correct statements about $C^{4-} _3$ ion are

(B) It reacts with $H _2O$ forming $C _3H _4$

$\displaystyle  C^{4-} _3 + 2H _2O \rightarrow C _3H _4+O _2 + 4e^-$

(C) It has two sigma and two pi bonds $\displaystyle [C=C=C]^{4-} $

Which of the following molecule(s) has/have $d _n\, -\, p _{\pi}$ bonding?

  1. $H _2S _2O _3$

  2. $P _4O _{10}$

  3. $SO _3$

  4. $P _4S _{10}$


Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:

In ${ H } _{ 2 }{ S } _{ 2 }{ O } _{ 3 }$ $S$ empty $d$ orbital and $O$ has electrons in $P$ orbital.

Hence, it has ${ d } _{ n }$$-$${ P } _{ n }$ bonding.
In ${ P } _{ 4 }{ O } _{ 10 }$ $P$ have empty $d$ orbital and $O$ has electrons in $P$ orbital
Hence, it has ${ d } _{ n }$$-$${ P } _{ n }$ bonding.
In ${ SO } _{ 3 }$ $S$ have empty $d$ orbital and $O$ has electrons in $P$ orbital.
Hence, it has ${ d } _{ n }$$-$${ P } _{ n }$ orbital.
Similarly in ${ P } _{ 4 }{ S } _{ 10 }$

If "$n$" number of $H _3PO _4$ molecules are polymerized to produce chain molecule and ring molecule separately, then the number of $P - O - P$ linkages formed is, respectively :

  1. $n$ and $(n - 1)$

  2. $(n - 1)$ and $(n - 1)$

  3. $(n - 1)$ and $n$

  4. $n$ and $n$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In case of a ring, the number of linkages will be one less than the number of $P$ atoms because of the fact that each $P$ atom is shared by $2$ rings.
However, in case of a chain no sharing takes place and the number of linkages is equal to $n$.

In $Fe(CO) _5$, the $Fe-C$ bond possesses:

  1. $\pi$ - character only

  2. both $\sigma$ and $\pi$ - characters

  3. ionic character

  4. $\sigma$ - character only


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
It's called “synergic bonding”. The ligand (CO) donates it's lone pair of electrons to the vacant orbitals of the iron atom and forms the sigma-bond. Since the iron atom also possesses some electrons in it's d-orbitals, it back donates those electrons to the molecular orbitals of the ligand forming a π-bond. In this way, the metal-carbon bond length is reduced and the complex gets more stability. One important thing to keep in mind is that the metal atom donates it's electron pairs to the antibonding MO of CO, so the C-O bond is weakened by this synergic bonding, leading to a larger C-O bond length in the complex (as opposed to a free CO molecule).
Metal-C bond length reduces, C-O bond length increases, complex gets stability.
Hence, option $B$ is correct.
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