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Droughts, floods and water conservation - class-VIII

Description: droughts, floods and water conservation
Number of Questions: 37
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Tags: water water: a precious resource life giving water air and water pollution environmental science water: a natural resource chemistry water in our life water too little to waste
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Which of the following is correct during drought?

(1) The soil conserves water by avoiding evaporation and transpiration
(2) The soil remains wet.
(3) The ground water may not become scarce.
(4) The level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up.
(5) In drought conditions, it is not difficult to get food and fodder.

  1. (1) and (2)

  2. (1) and (3)

  3. (4) only

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

During drought, the following is correct.

(1) The soil continues to lose water by evaporation and transpiration
(2) The soil becomes dry.
(3) The ground water may also become scarce.
(4) The level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up.
(5) In drought conditions, it is difficult to get food and fodder.

Situation in which there is less water availability for agricultural purposes and no enough food in an area to feed people is called :

  1. flood

  2. monsoon

  3. drought

  4. monsoon winds


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase.
 A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
 An interchange of air between the land and oceans due to unequal heating and cooling of continents and oceans is known as monsoon winds.

Which of the following is responsible for higher level of floods and droughts?

  1. wind storms

  2. lower precipitation

  3. higher precipitation

  4. more wastage of water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A Higher level of floods and droughts are due to higher precipitation.drought is a particular period of below-average precipitation in a given region, which  results in prolonged shortages in its water supply, whether surface water, atmospheric water, or ground water.

Which of the following is/are a way/(s) of water conservation?

  1. One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rainwater and store it for later use.

  2. One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rainwater when it is required for use.

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The following is a way of water conservation. Collect rainwater and store it for later use.  It increases the availability of water.

Explain the effect of water scarcity on plants.

  1. In the scarcity of water,the plants become dry and die.

  2. In the scarcity of water,the plants shrink but not die.

  3. In the scarcity of water,the plants become dry and hard.

  4. None of these.


Correct Option: A

Rainwater harvesting is collecting & storing rainwater, which includes activities aimed at:

  1. harvesting surface water

  2. groundwater

  3. prevention of losses through evaporation and seepage

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In general, water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the ground water. Rain is the first form of water that we know in the hydrological cycle, hence is a primary source of water for us.It is also the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff). 

Which one of the following is a sign of water scarcity?

  1. Dried fields having cracks on them

  2. Nutrient deficient plants

  3. Struggle to obtain water from bore wells

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand. It is mainly due to lack of water or due to a lack of adequate machinery or tools to supply water.
  • The effects of water scarcity can be grouped into these 4 broad categories. They are Health, Hunger, Education, and Poverty.
  • The sign of water scarcity includes the following. They are Dried fields having cracks on them, Nutrient deficient plants and Struggle to obtain water from bore wells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Water harvesting is done by ____________ processes.

  1. rainwater

  2. groundwater

  3. both A and B

  4. atmospheric water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Water Harvesting
It means storing rain where it falls or storing the run off in your own village or town. And taking measures to keep that water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place in our locality.
It can be done by two major processes:
1. Rainwater harvesting
It is a method of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers.
2. Groundwater harvesting 
Groundwater harvesting is a method to save water placed under the ground to control the groundwater flow in an aquifer, and to raise water table.

Cloud seeding is a technique used, to induce rain that was first used by the USA in 1946. It has also been done in Karnataka and other places in India. What is it?

  1. An agricultural practice that depends on clouds

  2. Introduction of particles in clouds to increase condensation

  3. Making clouds and placing them in the sky.

  4. Trimming the clouds into seed like structures


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

During rainfall, water droplets condense onto one another, causing the droplets to grow. When these water droplets get too heavy to stay suspended in the cloud, they fall to earth as rain.


In 1946, USA developed a technique called cloud seeding, in which they increase the process of condensation by introducing particles in the cloud. With the increase in condensation, droplets start forming at faster rate and hence, increase the rainfall. 

Which of the following will be an advantage of inter-linking the rivers in India?

  1. Lot of people will be displaced

  2. Floods will take place uniformly throughout the country

  3. Surplus water will be distributed uniformly

  4. The cost of implementain will be very high


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Surplus water will be distributed uniformly. The Indian rivers inter-link is a proposed large scale civil engineering project that aims to effectively manage water resources in India by linking Indian rivers and tunnels and so reduce persistent floods in some parts and water shortage in other parts of India.

Find out the wrong statement from the following:

  1. Water evaporates from plants, animals and oceans

  2. Animals living in the water are not harmed during floods

  3. There is no vegetation during draughts

  4. Water available for use is very limited


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Water evaporates from plants through transpiration and oceans through evaporation. There is no vegetation during draughts as there is no availability or very little presence of water in the ground making the area dry and cracks the ground.

Water available for use is very limited as most of the water present in the earth's surface is saline.

Rain water harvesting is a method employed to:

  1. stop soil erosion in a place

  2. raise the water table of a place

  3. increase afforestation around a place

  4. decrease floods and droughts in a place


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Rain water harvesting is a method employed to raise the water table of the plane. Its is a single method by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilized in different ways or directly used for recharge purposes. It is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for re-use on site, rather than allowing it to run-off.

Cloud seeding is a technique used to induce rain that was first used by USA in 1946. It has also been done in Karnataka and other places in India. What is it?

  1. An agricultural practice that depends on clouds

  2. Introduction of particles in clouds to decrease condensation

  3. Making clouds and placing them in the sky

  4. Trimming the clouds into seed like structures

  5. An process of spreading dry ice on upper part of cloud to simulate precipitation process and cause rain


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

The process of spreading dry ice on upper part of cloud to simulate precipitation process and cause rain is known as cloud seeding.

What are the basic components of a rainwater harvesting and conservation system?

  1. Catchment areas

  2. Storage units

  3. Conveyance mechanism which transports the water falling

  4. Sloping roof


Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
Catchment areas: roof surface to collect the rain.
Conveyance: channels or pipes from roof or catchment area to storage.
Storage tanks: : cisterns or tanks where collected rainwater is securely stored  i.e. insect proof.
Sloping roof is falls in the category of catchment areas.

The method of rainwater harvesting which can be adopted by individual house owners is:

  1. construction of recharge trenches

  2. on channel storage of water

  3. creation of new water bodies

  4. roof-top rainwater harvesting


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Harvesting rain water from roof tops is an easy and eco- friendly method of augmenting house hold level water availability. Roof top rain water harvesting involves diverting and recharging or storing part of rain water that falls on the roof of a house.

To prevent excess use of water from taps and tanks, we can collect water from :

  1. rain

  2. streams

  3. rivers

  4. sea


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To prevent excess use of water from taps and tanks, we can collect water from rain.

Because if we use the rain water by the help of rainwater harvesting technique the excess uses of water from tanks and taps which is supplied by government can be prevented.

The efficiency of drip irrigation is around: 

  1. 40%

  2. 85%

  3. 20%

  4. 100%


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient methods of irrigation. It supplies one drop at a time through small emitters. Thus it does not have little water runoff and very less water is lost during spraying. Thus its efficiency ranges from $80$% to $90$%

Higher level of floods and droughts are led by :

  1. sand storms

  2. lower precipitation

  3. higher precipitation

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A higher level of floods caused by higher precipitation means heavy rainfall.

Which can't be caused by a little rainfall or sand storms as sand storms cause a thunderstorm.   

If the irrigation water contains dissolved salts, _____________ is particularly suitable.

  1. surface irrigation

  2. drip irrigation

  3. sprinkler irrigation

  4. localized irrigation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants either from above the soil surface (or) buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone, minimize evaporation to reduce the wastage of minerals.


Thus, drip irrigation is suitable for the irrigation water which contains dissolved salts.

Hence, the correct option is $\text{B}$

Rainwater can be used to recharge the groundwater. This is referred to as:

  1. Infiltration

  2. water harvesting

  3. rainwater harvesting

  4. both $B$ and $C$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rainwater can be used to recharge the groundwater. This is referred to as water harvesting and rainwater harvesting.

Rainwater harvesting can be done by:

  1. collecting water by keeping a small container on the top of the building

  2. collecting rainwater from the rooftop to a storage tank, through pipes

  3. allowing water to go into the ground directly from the roadside drains that collect rainwater

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B,C
Explanation:

Collecting rain water for future use is called rainwater harvesting but rain water collection cannot possible in small container.

_____________ is a technique of watering plants by making use of narrow tubings which deliver water directly at the base of the plant.

  1. Sprinkler irrigation

  2. Drip irrigation

  3. Center pivot irrigation

  4. Localized irrigation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is dripped slowly to the roots of the plants through narrow tubes. This method allows water to be delivered directly to the base of the plants. This method conserves water.
Drip irrigation is also known as a localized irrigation.
Sprinkler irrigation supply water in the same manner as supplied by the rainfall. Here water is distributed through the system of pipes and then it is sprayed on the areas through sprinklers.
In center pivot irrigation, the equipment rotates around the pivot and water is supplied through sprinklers.

Which of the following is/are NOT a way/(s) of water conservation?

  1. One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rainwater and store it for later use

  2. One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rainwater when it is required for use

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Why plants die due to water scarcity?

  1. Because plants can not survive without water.

  2. Water transport nutrients to other part of plant.

  3. Water is important to carry different processes in plants.

  4. All of them.


Correct Option: D

Which of the following types of plant grow in water scarcity?

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Hydrophytes

  3. Both A and B

  4. None


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Xerophytes grow in water scarcity, they develop thick cuticle and reduce the loss of water.

In our country, floods cause extensive damage to ____________.

  1. crops

  2. domestic animals

  3. human life

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In our country, floods cause extensive damage to crops, domestic animals, property and human life. During floods, the animals get carried away with the waters, get trapped on land areas and die.

Which of the following is traditional way to conserve water?

  1. Tube-well

  2. Bawris

  3. Rainwater harvesting

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Bawris are one of the old methods of rain water management. These are deep wells dug in the ground which have steps to reach the water stored. These bawris help in storage of water for longer time as the amount of evaporation of water from the deep well is very less.Bawris are very popular in Rajasthan. People of Rajasthan get access to water through bawris even in summer season.

Which of the following crop cannot be grown in less water availability?

  1. Wheat

  2. Maize

  3. Vegetables

  4. Rice


Correct Option: D

Which hormone level increases during water scarcity condition?

  1. Auxin

  2. Cytokinine

  3. Abscisic acid

  4. Ethylene


Correct Option: C

Which of the following describes the effects of water scarcity on plants?

  1. The green character of the planet shall be lost.

  2. This may mean the end of all life.

  3. A world without plants shall mean no food, no oxygen, not enough rain, and innumerable other problems.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The following describes the effects of water scarcity on plants. The green character of the planet shall be lost. This may mean the end of all life, for a world without plants shall mean no food, no oxygen, not enough rain, and innumerable other problems.

Careful management of water catchment areas results in:

  1. more wastage of water

  2. less wastage of water

  3. deforestation

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Careful management of water catchment areas results in more use and less wastage of water.

 Careful management of water catchment leads to:

  1. emergency usage of water

  2. provides clean and fresh water

  3. decrease water requirement

  4. more wastage of water


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

During the time of emergency when the water becomes scarce, stored water helps to meet the daily requirement. 

Which of the following does not show water shortage?

  1. Taps running dry

  2. Long queues for getting water 

  3. A family getting 3 buckets of water per person per day

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option C does not show water shortage as if every person in the family is getting 3 buckets of water per day then this shows they have enough water of each. Option A and B show water shortage.

Rain water harvesting is:

  1. storing ground water by not using water from the well

  2. stop growing crops to save water

  3. allowing water to go into rivers and lakes

  4. collecting rainwater and storing it for later use


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rain water harvesting is collecting rainwater and storing it for later use. Its is a single method by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilized in different ways or directly used for recharge purposes. It is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for re-use on site, rather than allowing it to run-off.

Situation which occurs due to occurrence of more rainfall than normal level or poor water distribution is :

  1. drought

  2. monsoon winds

  3. flood

  4. tropical rain


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Floods occurs due to occurrence of more rainfall than normal level or poor water distribution.
As more rainfall can result in accumulation of water and when there is poor distribution of water it overflows and causes floods.
  • Drought is a dry condition in which there is shortage of water so it can't be the situation.
  • And winds does not occur due to rain.
  • Tropical rain is normal level rain which occurs in a region which cannot cause this situation of flood. 

Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favor of multi-purpose river projects? 

  1. Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity

  2. Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow help to control floods

  3. Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood

  4. Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes


Correct Option: C
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