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Placenta - class-X

Description: placenta
Number of Questions: 35
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Tags: the reproductive system biology animal physiology reproduction in humans reproduction zoology human reproduction
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Structure connecting the fetus to placenta is ________________.

  1. Umbilical cord

  2. Amnion

  3. Yolk sac

  4. Chorion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Umbilical cord is a narrow, tube-like structure that connects the fetus to the placenta.Through this tube, nutrients and oxygen are supplied from the mother to the baby and waste products are removed from the baby.

Which of the following hormones is not a secretory product of human placenta?

  1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

  2. Prolactin

  3. Estrogen

  4. Progesterone


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Prolactin is secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland. After parturition, secretion and storage of milk in mammary glands is under the influence of this hormone.

Fetus gets nourishment and oxygen through _______________.

  1. Allantois

  2. Placenta

  3. Yolk sac

  4. Chorion


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Placenta is an intimate connection between the fetus and uterine wall of the mother to exchange the materials. Food materials and oxygen pass from the mother's blood into the fetal blood and fetal excretory products diffuse into maternal blood through placenta.

In humans the shape of fully formed placenta is

  1. Cuboidal

  2. Columnar

  3. Pyramidal

  4. Discoidal


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The human placenta is both metadiscoidal and monodiscoidal. Discoidal refers to the structure of the placenta and mono meaning there is only one disc. Metadiscoidal refers to the way the developing placenta becomes discoidal- the villi are scattered at first and then restricted to one disc, that means the placenta becomes mono-discoidal.

So, the correct answer is 'Discoidal'.

Mother's blood flows into the foetus through placenta

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The placenta is a temporary association between the foetal and maternal tissues. It acts as a barrier between the foetus and mother and is contributed by both foetal and maternal tissue. Exchange of gases takes place through the placenta. The foetus obtains nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood as the mother's blood can flow into the foetus through the placenta.
Hence, the statement given in the question is correct.
So, the correct answer is 'True'.

The Pulmonary trunk and systemic aorta of Foetus, connected by?

  1. Ligamentum arteriosum

  2. Ductus arteriosus

  3. Ductus arteriosum

  4. Chordae terdinae


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The ductus arteriosus acts as a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta during fetal development. In the fetus, before returning to the body, the blood is oxygenated in the placenta. Amniotic fluid fills the lungs and can not therefore be used to oxygenate the blood. Rather, the arterioles in the lungs restrict the quantity of blood flow that can pass through.

Human placenta is

  1. Haemochorial

  2. Syndesmochorial

  3. Yolk sac

  4. Haemo-endothelial


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Placenta, an organ characteristic of true mammals during pregnancy, joining mother and offspring, providing endocrine secretion and selective exchange of soluble blood borne substances through apposition of uterine and trophoblastic vascularized parts. In humans, haemochorial placenta is found in which all maternal layers are lost, so that foetal tissue is in contact with maternal blood. It is also seen in rodents, and most primates
So, the correct answer is 'Haemochorial'

Mammalian placenta originates from

  1. Allantois and chorion

  2. Yolksac

  3. Allantois

  4. Amnion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The placenta is formed from the chorion and allantois of the embryo and from the mother's endometrium. Its main function is to allow the exchange of substances between the fetus and the mother's body. 

Placenta in human beings is formed by

  1. Amnion

  2. Chorion

  3. Allantois

  4. Allantois, chorion and uterine wall


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ, that connects the developing foetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produce hormones to support pregnancy. In humans, the placenta usually has a disc shape and it is formed by allantois, chorion and uterine wall.

The _____ is connecting structure which helps in the transfer of substance to and from the foetal body.

  1. Placenta

  2. Ovary

  3. Uterus

  4. vagina


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination and gas exchange.
Ovary produces egg or ovum. Uterus is where implantation takes places and embryo develops. Vagina is the fibromuscular organ that facilitates sexual intercourse and childbirth.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Mammalian egg contains negligible yolk so the survival of such embryo is made possible by the fact that they are

  1. Nourished through placenta

  2. Too small and need no much food

  3. MiIkfed

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
All mammals except the monotremes are viviparous. In viviparous animals (such as humans ) the eggs have hardly any food reserve. In these animals, embryo receives nutrients from the mother through a special structure called placenta and remains enclosed in the womb (uterus) until birth. This kind of situation is found in higher mammals (eutherians) and some fishes (sharks). In contrast, eggs of oviparous and ovoviviparous animals contain yolk which is utilized by the developing embryo. The yolk contains all the required nutrients. This kind of situation is found in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and primitive mammals. 

The placenta functions as

  1. A protective barrier between mother and embryo

  2. Supply oxygen and nutrients for growth of embryo

  3. Expel the waste matter excreted by the embryo

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The placenta is the region which is the main connection between mother and child. It connects the umbilical cord of the developing foetus to the mother's uterine wall to perform several functions. It acts as a barrier between the mother and embryo. It helps in the nutrient uptake, waste elimination, thermoregulation and gas exchange in the foetus through the mother's blood supply. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Placenta is the region, where

  1. Foetus is supplied by maternal blood

  2. Embryo is attached to mother by notocord

  3. Foetus receives maternal blood and nutrition

  4. Embryo is enclosed by membranes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's umbilical cord arises from it. In most pregnancies, the placenta attaches to the top or side of the uterus. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Which substance normally passes from a fetus to its mother through the placenta?

  1. Alcohol

  2. Glucose

  3. Oxygen

  4. Urea


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the mother, and removing waste substances like urea from the fetus to the mother.

Pick the mammal with true placenta.

  1. Kangaroo

  2. Echidna

  3. Platypus

  4. Mongoose


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The mammals that show the presence of a placenta is called placental mammals. They are also called eutherians. Mongoose is a placental mammal. The placenta is the connection between the developing fetus to the mother's uterine wall. The placenta performs several functions such as nutrient uptake, waste elimination and gaseous exchange in the fetus through the mother's blood supply. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following structure is lacking from the placenta?

  1. Arteries

  2. Veins

  3. Smooth muscles

  4. Nerves


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ, that connects the fetus to the uterine wall. This allows the nutrient uptake, waste elimination and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fights against internal infection and produces hormones to support pregnancy. Placenta connects the fetus by an umbilical cord which contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The placenta is encircled by a ring of smooth muscle cells.
The placenta does not have nerves.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Nerves'.

Which one of the following develops from the trophoblast?

  1. Placenta

  2. Allantois

  3. Epidermis of the skin

  4. Yolk sac


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Trophoblasts are the cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provides nutrients to the developing embryo and it develops into a large part of placenta. Thus, trophoblasts are specialized cells of the placenta that plays an important role in embryo implantation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Placenta'.

Foetus is nourished by

  1. Placenta

  2. Yolk

  3. Sertoli cells

  4. Phagocytosis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A placenta is formed from interdigitation of the trophoblast layer of the embryo and the endometrial lining during implantation. It facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing foetus and is also responsible for removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste products of the foetus.

Yolk sac along with the allantois layer forms the umbilical cord, the connection between the embryo and the placenta.
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of bacteria and other foreign agents by the defence system of the body.  So the correct answer is A.

In simplest type of placenta, six barriers separate maternal blood from foetal blood. How many barriers are lost in human placenta?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In human placenta, the barriers include uterine epithelium, uterine connective tissue and endothelium of maternal blood vessels are absent.
So the correct option is 'Three.'

Attachment of foetus of placenta occurs through

  1. Chorda mesoderm

  2. Spinal cord

  3. Umbilical cord

  4. Notochord


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In humans, the placenta is chorionic in nature. It attaches the foetus and the mother and is responsible for the nutrition and excretion and exchange of gases.

The umbilical cord is a tube-like structure that connects the foetus and mothers placenta. The belly button is the entry point of the umbilical cord in the foetus. The umbilical cord contains arteries and veins and is protected by a jelly-like substance known as the Wharton's jelly.
So, the correct option is 'Umbilical cord' 

Extra structure which provides nutrition to embryo is

  1. Umbilicus

  2. Chorion

  3. Placenta

  4. Amnion


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

After implantation, finger-like projections appear on the trophoblast called chorionic Villi which are surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood. The chronic villi and uterine tissue become interdigitated with each other and jointly form a structural and functional unit between developing embryo that is foetus and maternal body called placenta. Placenta facilitate the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also helps in removal of carbon dioxide in excretory waste materials produced by the embryo.

 So, the correct option is 'Placenta'.

Metadiscoidal placenta is found in

  1. Humans

  2. Cow

  3. Pig

  4. Rabbit


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The placenta in which the villi are restricted to a disk-shaped chorionic area on the ventral side of the embryo is known as the metadiscoidal placenta found in humans.

So the correct option is 'Humans'.

Which one is not a character of haemochorial placenta?

  1. $CO _2$ and excretory products pass from foetus to mother's body.

  2. $O _2$ and nutrients from mother's body enter the foetus.

  3. Chorion villi are covered by blood sinuses of mother.

  4. It protects foetus from mechanical shocks.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The haemochorial placenta is the type of placenta in which maternal blood is in direct contact with the chorionic villi which are covered by maternal blood and exchange of gases and nutrients from mother's blood and foetus takes place as observed in humans.

So the correct option is 'It protects foetus from mechanical shocks'

Which is not correct about placenta?

  1. It prevents passage of maternal IgG to foetus.

  2. It acts as foetal lung.

  3. It acts as foetal liver.

  4. It acts as endocrine gland.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin during pregnancy.
So, the correct option is 'It prevents passage of maternal IgG to the foetus'.

Which of the following is not the function of placenta?

  1. Secretes oxytocin during parturition

  2. Facilitates supply of $O _2$ and nutrients to embryo

  3. Secretes estrogen

  4. Facilitates removal of $CO _2$ and waste products from embryo


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The placenta is a cushion-like tissue which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to an embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone and relaxin.
So, the correct option is 'Secretes oxytocin during parturition'.

What is placenta? 

  1. Special tissue connection between embryo and uterine wall

  2. Facilitate passage of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood

  3. Waste substances produced by embryo are removed through placenta into mothers blood

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Placenta is a special organ or tissue that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It allows nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produces a hormone to support pregnancy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

What is formed by chorionic villi cooperating with the tissues of uterus of mother?

  1. Placenta

  2. Embryonic disc

  3. Umbilical cord

  4. Embryonic layer


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The chorion, which means as the membrane covering the fetus is the outermost extraembryonic membrane. The two types of cells namely cytotrophoblast cells and syncytiotrophoblast cells form chorion. These cells combine with the functional layer of the endometrium and form the placenta, which is the site of gas and nutrient exchange between the embryo and the mother. Hence, the correct answer is option A, Placenta.

The most primitive type of mammalian placenta is

  1. Syndesmochorial

  2. Endotheliochorial

  3. Haemochorial

  4. Epithelicohorial


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Epitheliocohorial type of mammalian placenta is observed in cattle, pigs etc
wherein the chorion is superficially aligned on the endometrium and does not penetrate it.
So, the correct answer is 'Epithelicohorial'

Haemoendothelial placenta occurs in

  1. Man and Ape

  2. Cow and Goat

  3. Deer and Camel

  4. Rat and Rabbit


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In the hematoendothelial placenta, the outer covering which is the trophoblast becomes so thin that it appears that the maternal blood is separated from the fetal blood only by a single layer of cells of the embryonic layer chorion. This type of placenta is generally found in Rat and rabbit.


So, the correct option is ' Rat and Rabbit.'

Considering the following:
1) Endothellium of foetal blood capillaries 
2) Connective tissues surrounding foetal blood capillaries
3) Chorionic epithelium
4) Maternal epithelium 
5) Connective tissue surrounding maternal blood capillaries 
6) Endothelium of maternal blood capilaries 
In the case of humans, the placenta comprises which of the above?

  1. 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

  2. 1, 2, 3 and 6

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 5


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The human placenta has chorionic epithelial cells. It has maternal endothelial cells of blood capillaries, maternal endometrial epithelium and endothelium of foetal blood capillaries. The foetal connective tissue surrounds the foetal endothelial blood capillaries. The maternal connective tissue surrounds the maternal blood capillaries. 

Thus, the correct answer is '1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6'.

Which of the following structures serves as a lung, digestive tract, and kidney for the developing embryo?

  1. Placenta

  2. Endometrium

  3. Amnion

  4. Liver


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's umbilical cord arises from it. The organ is usually attached to the top, side, front or back of the uterus.

So the correct option is 'placenta'.

State whether the following statements are true or false .
Endometrium is highly vascular and rich in glands.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In the uterus, simple tubular glands reach from the endometrial surface through to the base of the stroma, which also carries a rich blood supply provided by the spiral arteries
So, the correct answer is 'True'

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The placenta

  1. is formed by the inner portion of the chorion

  2. contacts a portion of the mothers endometrium

  3. allows the fetus and the mother to exchange nutrients and waste products

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The placenta facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory/waste materials produced by the embryo. It is formed from the chorion. 

So the correct option is 'All of the above'.

State whether the following statements are true or false .
The placenta in humans is the true placenta in which foetal and maternal parts can be easily separated without any bleeding.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The placenta is delivered as part of the afterbirth with a small gush of blood, from a few minutes to a half hour after the baby arrives. The doctor or midwife will examine it to make sure it's intact and that nothing has been left behind in the uterus
So, the correct answer is 'False'

On the basis of intimacy Human placenta is 

  1. Interstitial placenta

  2. Deciduate placenta

  3. Discoidal placenta

  4. Yolk sac placenta


Correct Option: A
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