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Structural organization of animals - class-X

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Presence of suckers are characteristic of which of the following class?

  1. Polychaeta

  2. Oligochaeta

  3. Hirudinea

  4. Archiannelida


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Class Hirudinea belongs to phylum Annelida. These are parasitic in nature which is equipped with suckers used for creeping. Leeches are primarily freshwater annelids, but some live in the ocean and some in moist soil or vegetation. The majority of leeches are predators on small invertebrates, most swallow their prey whole, but some suck the soft parts from their victims. Some leeches are parasites rather than predators and suck the body fluids of their victims without killing them.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

A suctorial mouth is present in 

  1. Leech

  2. Ascaris

  3. Tapeworm

  4. Earthworm


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Leeches are ectoparasites and they mostly live on the blood of vertebrate animals, like - humans, cattle, etc. They have a sanguivorous i.e. blood-sucking feeding habit. The blood-sucking habit of Leeches is supported by a special adaptation in their mouth.
  • Their mouth is a narrow triradiate aperture that sits at the center of the pre-oral chamber of the oral sucker. The oral sucker (or anterior sucker) is a tiny hollow muscular organ present at the anterior end of the animal body. 
  • The pre-oral chamber is actually a cup-like depression at the ventral surface of the oral sucker. One ray of the mouth is in medio-dorsal position, while the other two are placed ventro-laterally. 
  • This specially modified mouth of the Leeches is called suctorial mouth. When a feeding leech firmly adheres to the host body, its suctorial mouth moves like a saw and makes a triradiate (i.e. Y-shaped) painless incision in the victim's skin. Then the oozing blood of the host is sucked by the Leech. 

Match the locomotory organs given with the phylum, in which they are seen. Choose the answer which gives the correct combination of the alphabets of the two columns:

Locomotory organ Phylum
A. Pseudopodia p. Mollusca
B. Parapodia q. Chondrichthyes
C. Muscular foot r. Protozoa
D. Fins s. Annelida


  1. A- r, B- p, C- s, D- q

  2. A- p, B- r, C- s, D- q

  3. A- s, B- r, C- q, D- p

  4. A- r, B- s, C- p, D- q


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Pseudopodia are the temporary extensions of the cytoplasm. These are used in locomotion and feeding. These are used by the protozoans and some of the flagellate protozoans. Polychaete worms  are the group of worms which belong to the phylum of Annelids. They are characterized by an elongated and segmented body. They bear a pair of appendages called parapodia on each metamere. These are used for locomotion. The organisms which are mollusc and belongs to the class of Gastropoda, have a flattened muscular foot for locomotion. They have a head that bears stalked eyes. Chondrichthyans are the group of cartilagenous fishes. Many chondrichthyans possess two dorsal fins, one anterior (just behind the head) and another posterior (in front of the tail).

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which one of the following is a matching pair of a body feature and the animal possessing it?

  1. Ventral heart - Scorpion

  2. Post anal tail - Octopus

  3. Ventral central nervous system - Leech

  4. Pharyngeal gill slits absent in embryo- Chamaeleon


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The scorpion heart is a strong, muscular organ extending along the dorsal mid-line of the heart.
Octopus has four pairs of arms, like all cephalopods.
Chamaeleon has pharyngeal gill slits in the embryo stage.
The central nervous system in leech is ventral.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

'Skate sucker' is the common name of 

  1. Hirudo

  2. Hirudinaria

  3. Pontobdella

  4. Nereis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pontobdella is the type of leech. They are also known as skate sucker. It is the genus of leeches which includes bilaterally symmetrical animals. They belong to the class of Clitellata. It is marine leech. They are parasitic worms and attack skates and rays. They attach to the rock and wait to attack the skate. They also attack certain plaice. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

External segmentation is absent but internal segmentation is present in

  1. Polychaeta

  2. Oligochaeta

  3. Archiannelida

  4. Hirudinea


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

  1. Polychaeta : Nereis

  2. Archiannelida : Polygordius

  3. Polychaeta : Hirudina

  4. Oligochaeta : Pheretima


Correct Option: C

Waste laden cells of oligochaetes and polychaetes are

  1. Thesocytes

  2. Eleocytes

  3. Follicular cells

  4. Yellow cells


Correct Option: D

Larva of Bonellia settling near proboscis of adult female develops into male due to.

  1. Substances secreted by proboscis

  2. Electrolytes in water

  3. Oxygen in environment

  4. Carbon dioxide in environment


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Baltzer showed that if a Bonellia larva settles on the seafloor, it becomes a female. However, should a larva land on a female's proboscis (which apparently emits chemical signals that attract the larva), it enters the female's mouth, migrates into her uterus, and differentiates into a male. Thus, if a larva lands on the seafloor, it becomes female; if it settles on a proboscis, it becomes male.

So, the correct answer is 'Substances secreted by proboscis'.

Presence of Tubifex in water body indicates its

  1. Purity

  2. High salt content

  3. Toxic metals

  4. Organic loading


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

#Answer is option D.


#Tubifex worms mainly like nutrient-rich water, where bacterial growth is highest. Worms feed on bacteria and sludge.
#Bacterial growth takes place in water which has high organic loading. like, household organic waste, industrial organic waste, and agricultural waste.
#At this kind of places worms get food and places to hide from predators.

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.


Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids as in that earthworms:

  1. Lack setae that marine annelids have

  2. Lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have

  3. Have segments, whereas marine annelids do not

  4. Have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, whereas marine annelids do not


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In polychaetes (or marine annelids) parapodia are present that help in gaseous exchange and in movement. Parapodia is absent in earthworm and in earthworms respiration is through skin. So, the correct answer is 'lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have'.

Which ones are not hermaphrodite?

  1. Polychaetes

  2. Leeches

  3. Flatworms

  4. Earthworm


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is wrongly matched?

  1. Oligochaeta: Pheretima

  2. Hirudinea: Hirudo

  3. Nematoda: Ascaris

  4. Polychaeta: Lumbricus


Correct Option: D

Which of the following is the marine leech?

  1. Sipunculus

  2. Pontobdella

  3. Hirudo

  4. Polygordius


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pontobdella is segmented worm under the phylum Annelida. It is a marine leech which is ectoparasite on elasmobranchs and is commonly called as 'skate sucker'.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The characteristic feature of leech is

  1. Nephridia

  2. Coelom

  3. Botryoidal tissue and hirudin

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nephridia is an organ involved in the excretory system. It is the characteristic feature of leech. Their bodies are much more solid as the spaces in their coelom are dense with connective tissues. In leeches, the botryoidal tissue is composed of two different cell types. The granular botryoidal cells and flattened endothelial-like cells which contains a brown pigment and may serve an excretory function. Leeches use a combination of mucus and suction to stay attached and secrete an anticoagulant enzyme known as hirudin into the host's blood streams. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Paddle worm amongst the following is 

  1. Arenicola

  2. Chaetopterus

  3. Sabella

  4. Amphitrite


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Chaetopterus, commonly known as paddle worm from class Polychaeta. It is worldwide in distribution. It feeds on small organisms, true filter feeders. The body is divided into an anterior region, middle region and a posterior region. Parapodia have modified accordingly to their function. They are modified into pumping fans, sucking discs and food ball organs and asexual reproduction by transverse fission. So, the correct answer is option B.

Partly open type of circulatory system is found in few members of class

  1. Oligochaeta

  2. Polychaeta

  3. Archiannelida

  4. Hirudinea


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The circulatory system is usually closed in Annelids, i.e., confined within well-developed blood vessels. However, in some Hirudinea, the circulatory system is partly open, with blood and coelomic fluid mixing directly in the sinuses of the body cavity. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following organism act as a connecting link between Oligochaeta and Hirudinea?

  1. Haemadipsa

  2. Acanthobdella

  3. Pontobdella

  4. Hirudo


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Acanthobdella forms a connecting link between Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. It is mostly parasitic on fins of salmon fishes. Body comprises of thirty segments only. Its body cavity is spacious and completely divided by septa, vascular system is composed of dorsal and ventral vessel. Hence, option B is correct.

Botryoidal tissue is a characteristic of 

  1. Earthworm

  2. Ascaris

  3. Hirudinaria 

  4. Rabbit


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In leeches, the botryoidal tissue is composed of two different cell types-granular botryoidal cells and flattened endothelial-like cells containing a brown pigment and may serve an excretory function. Hence, option C is correct answer.

Which of the following is an example of leech?

  1. Hirudinaria

  2. Glossiphonia

  3. Haemadipsa

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hirudinaria is an Indian cattle leech. This is the fresh water species. It is cosmopolitan. It feeds on the blood of frog, animals and men. 

Glossiphonia complanata is a leech which often occurs abundantly in eastern United States and Canada. It feeds mainly on the fluid of mollusks and invertebrates. 
Haemadipsa are commonly known as jawed land leeches. These annelids are known from subtropical and tropical regions around the Indian and Pacific Ocean. These are all the different genus of leeches.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which one exhibits concentric tube-within- tube plan?

  1. Arthropoda

  2. Oligochaeta/Earthworm

  3. Mollusca

  4. Echinodermata


Correct Option: B

The common larva of polychaeta/annelida is

  1. Trochophore

  2. Actinotrocha

  3. Glochidium

  4. Tornaria


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Trochophore, also called trochosphere, small, translucent, free-swimming larva characteristic of marine annelids and most groups of mollusks. Trochophores are spherical or pear-shaped and are girdled by a ring of cilia (minute hairlike structures), the prototroch, that enables them to swim.  Each segment bears a pair of paddle-like and highly vascularized parapodia, which are used for movement and, in many species, act as the worm's primary respiratory surfaces. Bundles of bristles, called setae, the project from the parapodia.

So the correct answer is 'Trochophore'.

Pelvic girdle of rabbit consist of
                           Or
The coal of the Pelvic girdle is formed by the fusion of


  1. Ilium, ischium & pubis

  2. Ilium, ischium & coracles

  3. Coracoid, scapula & clavicle

  4. Ilium, coracles & scapula


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pelvic girdle comprises of the usual three bones ilium, ischium and pubis which are fused together into a single innominate or hip bone.

In rabbit/mammal, the cranial nerve associated with the sense of body balance is

  1. IX

  2. VIII

  3. VII

  4. VI


Correct Option: B

Valve of Thebesius occurs in the heart of

  1. Fish

  2. Frog

  3. Rabbit

  4. Chameleon.


Correct Option: C

In rabbit radius and ulna are

  1. ComPletely fused together

  2. Completely separated

  3. Fused in middle and separated at both the ends

  4. Separated but united at both the ends


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In rabbit, radius and ulna are separate bones but they are joined at both ends by ligaments.

Corpus callosum occurs in

  1. Fore brain of Frog

  2. Midbrain of Frog

  3. Fore brain of Rabbit

  4. Midbrain of Rabbit


Correct Option: C

Coprophagy occurs in

  1. Insectivorous animals like Frog

  2. Carnivorous animals like Tiger

  3. Herbivorous animals like Rabbit

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

In Rabbit, sweat glands are present in.

  1. Near the eyes

  2. The digits

  3. The lips

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Diastema is a toothless gap in the jaws of rabbit between ______________.

  1. Premolars and molars

  2. Incisors and molars

  3. Canines and molars

  4. Incisors and premolars


Correct Option: A

Two extra cranial nerves found in rabbit/human are

  1. Hypoglossal and spinalaccessory

  2. Hypoglossal and pneumogastric

  3. Spinal accessory and glossopharyngeal

  4. Hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal


Correct Option: A

Structure connected with vision is Rabbit is

  1. Corpus callosum

  2. Corpora quadrigemina

  3. Corpus albicans

  4. Hippocampus


Correct Option: B
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