The object having the greatest mass has the greatest inertia. Thus mass is the measure of inertia.

Inertia depends on density and mass. Directly proportional to both of them.

Inertia is a property of matter that offers the resistance to any change in its state of motion including changes to its speed and direction or the state of rest.

Steel has highest mass and highest density which means it has highest inertia.

Due to inertia, objects resist any change in motion. 

Newton's first law of motion is referred to as the law of inertia

Inertia is defined as the property by virtue of it, body tends to continue its state of rest or of uniform motion.

When carpet is given sudden jerk, due to inertia dust particles does not change position, while carpet moves.

the statement is true and the reason is Newton's law of inertia or First law of motion. 

Basically, the law of motion is that an object at rest stays at rest and an object continues in motion until an external force acts on it.
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion, including changes to its speed and direction. It is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant velocity.

At t$=$0
Velocity of train$=$v
Velocity of coin$=$v(horizontal velocity in the direction of velocity of train)
at t$=$t
Velocity of train$=$v-$\Delta$ v
Velocity of coin$=$v
Distance travelled by train after retarding$=$(v-$\Delta$v)t
Distance travelled by coin$=$v$\times$t   which is greater than distance travelled by train.
So,the coin will fall infront of you.

Inertia is the property of mass. Mass of stone $>$ mass of football.

There are three types of inertia:
1. Inertia of rest: This is the resistance offered by the body to remain in rest unless an external force is not applied on the body. Eg. : If a carpet is beaten with a stick then the dust particles due to inertia of rest tends to remain in rest while the fibres of carpet becomes in motion.

2. Inertia of direction: This is the resistance offered by the body to change its direction unless an ext. force is not applied on the body. Eg : If a bus takes a turn then passengers sitting in tends to remain in the same direction in which the bus was travelling before.

3. Inertia of motion: The resistance offered by the body to change its uniform motion. Eg : If a bus stops suddenly then the passengers fall forward due to inertia of motion

So when we shake a tree, due to inertia of motion the fruit tries to remain in motion. Due to which it gets detached from the branch and falls.

Inertia has direct dependence on $mass$. More is the mass of the body, more is the inertia.

Inertia has direct dependence on $mass$ of the body. More the mass of the body, more will be its inertia.

When the carpet is shaken or beaten by a stick, then the carpet moves back but the dust remains still due to inertia of rest and hence the dust particles get separated out.

The object having the greatest mass has the greatest inertia.

Due to inertia of motion, an object do not stop all of a sudden rather it continues to move over some distance. Hence the athletes stop themselves much before line marked so that they come to rest before crossing that line, otherwise it is said to be a foul.

Just after the sparks are produced, the force acting on the sparks becomes zero and due to inertia of direction, they start to move in their initial direction of motion which is tangential to the rim of the grinding wheel.

When a bus starts suddenly,the person falls backwards because of inertia of rest of passenger.This is due to the fact that because of their inertia ,the passengers tend to remain in their state of rest when the bus starts suddenly.

The dishes have the inertia at rest, thus they tend to remain at rest even when the tablecloth is pulled of suddenly from the table and hence the dishes do not get disturbed.

Moon will be launched in tangential direction with a speed at which it was orbiting around the earth.

Newton's I law of inertia states that an object will change its direction when a force is applied to it. Hence, when a bus takes a sudden turn the passengers are thrown outward. This is due to the inertia of direction.

We know that, ${u}^{2}=2as$    (as final velocity will be zero).

(a) Inertia is the name for the tendency of an object in motion to remain in motion, or an object at rest to remain at rest, unless acted upon by a force. This concept was quantified in Newton's First Law of Motion. For example when a car is abruptly accelerated, drivers and passengers may feel as though their bodies are moving backward. In reality, inertia is making the body want to stay in place as the car moves forward.

(b) Yes, both the balls will start rolling due to inertia of motion. The train stops due to brakes. But the balls continue to move in the direction of the train. But the balls will not roll with the same speed. Iron ball will move slower than the rubber ball because it is heavier in weight.

Galileo's law of inertia is another name for newton's First law of motion. Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or move at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force. Inertia comes from mass. Objects with more mass have more inertia.

Galelio’s hypothesis stated,”A falling body accelerates uniformly: it picks up equal amounts of speed in equal time intervals, so that, if it falls from rest, it is moving twice as fast after two seconds as it was moving after one second, and moving three times as fast after three seconds as it was after one second.”

Galileo, a premier scientist in the seventeenth century, developed the concept of inertia. Galileo reasoned that moving objects eventually stop because of a force called friction. First thing it was discovered and not invented. It was discovered and stated and proved by Sir Isaac Newton.