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Introduction to movement - class-XI

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What evidence convinced scientists that Archaeopteryx should be classified as a bird rather than a small dinosaur?

  1. Scales.

  2. Toothless, elongated mouth like beak.

  3. A tail similar to that of modern birds.

  4. Fused collar bone, indicating flying ability.


Correct Option: D

Presence of furcula is a characteristic feature 'of

  1. Frogs

  2. Reptiles

  3. Birds

  4. Mammals


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The clavicle and inter clavicle form a V-shaped furcula or wish bone or merry thought in birds.

A skull excavated from a place had large zygomatic arches, 2 pairs of large incisors, 2 pairs of premolars following a gap and 3 pairs of large molars. The foramen magnum was direction posterior. This skull belongs to a 

  1. Predatory mammal with bipedal locomotion

  2. Predaceous dinosaur with bipedal locomotion

  3. herbivorous mammal with Quadrupedal locomotion

  4. Herbivorous dinosaur with Quadrupedal locomotion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A skull excavated from a place had large zygomatic arches, 2 pairs of large incisors, 2 pairs of premolars following a gap and 3 pairs of large molars. The foramen magnum was direction posterior. This skull belongs to a mammalian skull because it is predatory mammal with bipedal locomotion.

So, the correct option is ‘predatory mammal with bipedal locomotion’.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

 Column I  Column II
A. Amoeboid movement (i) Limbs
B. Ciliary movement (ii) Leucocytes
C. Flagellar movement (iii) Trachea
D. Muscular movement (iv) Spermatozoa
  1. A - (iii) B - (ii) C - (i) D - (iv)

  2. A - (ii) B - (iii) C - (iv) D - (i)

  3. A - (i) B - (ii) C - (iii) D - (iv)

  4. A - (iv) B - (ii) C - (i) D - (iii)


Correct Option: B

Who is the author of the book 'Gait of animals'?

  1. Leeuwenhoek

  2. Aristotle

  3. Socrates

  4. Swaminathan


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The author of the book 'Gait of animals' is Aristotle. It was written in 350 BC.
This book consists of information about the movement of animals. Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, during locomotion over a solid substrate. Most animals use a variety of gaits, selecting gait based on speed, terrain, the need to maneuver, and energetic efficiency. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Greece. He was a student of Plato and considered as an important figure in western philosophy.

  • So, the correct option is 'Aristotle'.

Read the following statements and select the correct 
Statement 1 : Locomotion is the movement of an individual from one place to another. 
Statement 2 : All movements are locomotions buts all locomotions are not movement.

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is correct

  3. Statement 1 is Incorrect but statement 2 is correct

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Both the statements are true.

So, the correct option is 'Both statements 1 and 2 are correct'.

Which of the following muscles are not able to contract voluntarily?

  1. Duodenal muscles

  2. Pharyngeal muscles

  3. Skeletal muscles

  4. Lip muscles


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Muscles which are able to contract voluntarily are only skeletal muscles.

A) Duodenal muscles are not skeletal but smooth muscles and are therefore not able to contract voluntarily.
B) Pharangeal muscles are skeletal muscles and are hence able to contract voluntarily.
C) Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and can be contracted voluntarily.
D) Lip muscles are skeletal muscles and are hence able to contract voluntarily.
So, the answer is 'duodenal muscles'.

Which of the following statements is not true ?

  1. The cartilage is not as hard as bones.

  2. A snake moves by making loops.

  3. All animals show exactly similar movements.

  4. Snails move with the help of their muscular feet.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
All animals do not show exactly similar movements.
Animal movements are usually based on their habitat. Different animals have different organs for locomotion. For example, Snakes crawl by forming loops while birds fly with their wings. 

Taxis is movement in

  1. Single cell

  2. Single-celled organism

  3. Cell organelles

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Taxis is a kind of behavioural response of a cell, cell organelles or an organism to an external stimulus such as light or food. It is the orientation of an organism or a cell in a specific spatial relationship to a stimuli. If the movement is towards the stimuli it is positive taxis and if it is away from the stimuli it is negative taxis. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which of the following features is common to all animals without any exception?

  1. Locomotion

  2. Specialised nervous system

  3. Multicellularity

  4. Herbivorous mode of nutrition


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Locomotion is the active movement i.e. with consumption of energy shown by all organism. Need, type and extent of locomotion differ from organisms to organism based on their organisation. 
  • The specialised nervous system is seen in only organisms with organ system level of organisation. 
  • Several organisms are unicellular, hence multicellularity is not a common feature of all organisms. 
  • All organisms differ in their mode of nutrition. They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. If heterotrophic, they can be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.
  • So, the correct option is 'Locomotion'.

How many muscles are used in the movement of a bone?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4


Correct Option: B

The movement and locomotion of all animals is exactly the same.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Animals exhibit a wide range of movements. The voluntary movements that result in a change of place or location are called locomotion. There are three main types of movements, namely, amoeboid, ciliary and muscular.
Streaming of protoplasm in the unicellular organisms like Amoeba is a simple form of movement. In Paramoecium, cilia help in the movement of food and in locomotion as well. In Paramoecium, cilia help in the movement of food and in locomotion as well. Birds fly, fish swim and humans use limbs for changes in body postures and locomotion as well. Hence, the answer is false.

Which of the following type of movement is supported by joints?

  1. Bending

  2. Partial rotation

  3. Complete rotation

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are various types of joints in the human body.

1. Hinge joint: Hinge joint is a common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow and knee joints. Maximum rotation is 180$^o$. (partial rotation)
2. Ball and socket joints provide maximum rotation i.e. a full circle (complete rotation). Example: Shoulder joint, hip joint
3. The joints of the vertebrae provide a scope for bending movement, such joints are partially movable i.e. diarthrosis joints.
Thus, the types of movements supported by the joints are bending, partial rotation and complete rotation.

Which of the following parts of the body shows maximum movements?

  1. Joints

  2. Muscles

  3. Bones

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Joints are the areas where two or more bones meet.
  • Joints are of three types. They are Synovial Joints, Fibrous Joints, and Cartilaginous Joints
  • Joints help in bringing about movements in different parts of the body. 
  • Synovial joints are the freely movable joints and show maximum moments in the body.
  • Hence parts of the body that shows maximum movements are joints.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Joints.

Which of the following characteristics can be related to contraction of muscles?

  1. Shorter

  2. Stiffer

  3. Thicker

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Muscle is a tissue composed of cells or fibers, the contraction of which produces movement in the body. Muscle acts like a dense elastic band. When a muscle contracts, the length decreases, thus making the muscle shorter, stiffer and thicker. When the muscle relaxes, it makes the muscle increase in length i.e longer and thinner. 

Muscular movement requires maximum energy because

  1. It requires vigorous contraction and relaxation

  2. It requires muscular force for movement

  3. It improves the immune system

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D

Which of the following helps in the movement of biceps and triceps?

  1. Muscles

  2. Bones

  3. Cartilage

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Flexor muscle decreases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint.
  • Extensor muscle increases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint.
  • The biceps is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow and The triceps is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb.
  • The biceps is the flexor, and the triceps is the extensor of the elbow joint.
  • Hence muscles help in the movement of biceps and triceps.
  • So, the correct answer is'Muscles'.

Which of the following parts of the body moves by using muscular force?

  1. Biceps

  2. Legs

  3. Jaws

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A muscle is a tissue composed of cells or fibers, the contraction of which produces movement in the body. Muscular force is needed to bring movement, which needs energy for the contraction and relaxation of the same. Muscles are attached to bones to bring about the required movement.

The biceps are the muscles present in the upper arms, which require muscular force for its movement.
The legs are consist of bones attached to muscles which require muscular force for movement.
Jaws i.e. the mandibular region also requires muscular force to cause movement, because the muscles attached need force for resulting in movement.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Innominate or hip bone is formed by the fusion of how
many bones

  1. 2

  2. 3

  3. 4

  4. 5


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hip bone is formed by the fusion of three bones; ilium on upper side, pubis on inner side and ischium below the pubis.

The ciliary body is located.

  1. Near the ciliary muscles

  2. Near the blind spot

  3. Just behind the cornea

  4. At the junction of iris and choroid


Correct Option: D

The amoeboid movements result from_____________.

  1. Interaction among actin, myosin, and ATP

  2. Coordinated beats of cilia

  3. Whip-like action of flagella

  4. Action by the mitotic spindle, similar to what happens during mitosis and meiosis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Interaction among actin, myosin and ATP

The amoeba uses two mechanically distinct mechanisms to push itself forward a filopodia - lamellipodia mechanism that depends on action polymerisation and a bleb mechanism in which a local region of membrane where the cortical - cytoplasmic pressure generated by myosin. 

In mammals each half of Pedoral girdle consists of

  1. Supra scapula

  2. Scapula

  3. Coracoid

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The ventral part of each half of pectoral girdle is comprise three skeletal pieces scapula, supra scapula, and coracles.

In Amoeba, the conversion of plasma gel into plasma sol at the trailing end and the conversion of plasma sol into plasma gel at the advancing end explains

  1. attachment to substratum

  2. contraction theory

  3. continuous viscosity changes

  4. theory of rolling movement


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sol-gel theory explains that it is the method for producing solid material from small molecules. The process involves the conversion of monomers into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursors for an integrated network (or get) or either discrete particles or network polymers.

So, the correct option is 'attachment to substratum'.

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