0

Understanding chemical kinetics - class-XII

Description: understanding chemical kinetics
Number of Questions: 19
Created by:
Tags: chemistry electrochemistry and chemical kinetics chemical reactions and equations chemical kinetics
Attempted 0/19 Correct 0 Score 0

Fill up the following with suitable terms.

(i) Activation energy $=$ Threshold energy $-$ ____.

(ii) Half-life period of zero order reaction $=$ __.

(iii) Average rate of reaction $=$ _.

(iv) Instantaneous rate of reaction $=$ ___.

  1. Potential energy, $\dfrac {0.693}{k}, \dfrac {dx}{dt}, \dfrac {\triangle [A]}{\triangle t}$

  2. Energy of reactants, $\dfrac {1}{k}, \dfrac {\triangle [A]}{\triangle t}, \dfrac {dx}{dt}$

  3. Energy of reaction, $\dfrac {\log k}{t}, \dfrac {\triangle [A]}{\triangle t}, \dfrac {dx}{dt}$

  4. Average kinetic energy of reactants, $\dfrac {a}{2k}, \dfrac {\triangle [A]}{\triangle t}, \dfrac {dx}{dt}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
a) Activation energy = Threshold energy$-$ the Average kinetic energy of molecules(by definition)

b) half-life of a zero order reaction = ${ t } _{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 }  } =\frac { a }{ 2k } $

c) Average rate of reaction = $\dfrac {\displaystyle \text{ Total change concentration reactants }}{ \displaystyle \text{Total time taken} }$  = $\dfrac { \triangle \left[ A \right]  }{ \triangle t }$

d) Instantaneous rate of reaction =$ \dfrac { \displaystyle \text {Instantaneous change in concentration} }{\displaystyle \text { Instantaneous  time} } $=$\dfrac { dx }{ dt } $                    

Chemical kinetics a branch of physical chemistry deals with:

  1. structure of molecules

  2. heat changes in a reaction

  3. physical changes in a reaction

  4. rate of reactions


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Chemical kinetics is branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions.

Structures and physical changes are deal in solid state and while studying liquids.

Thermochemistry deals with energy changes in chemical reactions.


If reaction A and B are given with Same temperature and same concentration but rate of $A$ is double than $B$. Pre exponential factor is same for both the reaction then difference in activation energy $E _{A} - E _{B}$ is?

  1. $-RT\ ln2$

  2. $RT\ ln2$

  3. $2RT$

  4. $\dfrac {RT}{2}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$\dfrac {r _{A}}{r _{B}} = \dfrac {A _{1}e^{\dfrac {-E _{A}}{RT}}}{A _{2}e^{\dfrac {-E _{B}}{RT}}}$
$\dfrac {2}{1} = \dfrac {e^{\dfrac {-E _{A}}{RT}}}{e^{\dfrac {-E _{B}}{RT}}}$
$ln2 = E _{B} - E _{A} / RT$
$E _{B} - E _{A} = RT\ ln2$
$E _{A} - E _{B} = -RT\ ln2$.

Which of the following theory is not related to the chemical kinetics?

  1. Collision theory

  2. Absolute theory

  3. Absolute reaction rate

  4. VSEPR theory


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPRtheory is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.

It's not related to the chemical kinetics.

Chemical kinetics, a branch of physical chemistry, deals with:

  1. heat changes in a reaction

  2. physical changes in a reaction

  3. rate of reactions

  4. structure of molecules


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chemical word is related to reaction and kinetics is related to speed or rate, hence in chemical kinetics we study rate of reaction.

The rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to the equilibrium constant.
In which of the following process reaction will be completed first?

  1. $K=10$

  2. $K=1$

  3. $K={ 10 }^{ 3 }$

  4. $K={ 10 }^{ -2 }$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to the equilibrium constant.

$\therefore $ For $K={ 10 }^{ 3 }$, the reaction will complete fastest.

If the door of a refrigerator is kept open in a dosed room then room:

  1. heated

  2. cooled

  3. heated or cooled depending upon the initial temperature of the room

  4. neither cooled nor heated


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When the action of fridge is running, it takes air inside the fridge and cools it by removing heat from it and this heat come out from the back of fridge by a little fan. More heat comes outside the fridge. So if you even open the fridge door the cool air escape the fridge will heats up the room more ten cooling.  

Find out the correct order of rate of reaction towards allylic substitution :
(I) $CH _3 - CH = CH _2$
(II) $CH _3 -CH _2 - CH = CH _2$
(III) $CH _3 - \overset{CH _3}{\overset{\!\!\!\!\!\!|}{CH}} - CH = CH _2$
  1. ${\rm{I}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{II}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{III}}$

  2. ${\rm{II}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{I}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{III}}$

  3. ${\rm{III}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{I}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{II}}$

  4. ${\rm{III}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{II}}\,\,{\rm{ > }}\,\,{\rm{I}}$


Correct Option: B

A chemist puts a sample of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid into beaker $1$. She adds a sample of zinc and measures the rate of production of hydrogen gas.
She then puts a different sample of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid into beaker $2$. She adds a different sample of zinc and measure the rate of production of hydrogen gas.
The rate of the reaction in beaker $2$ is greater than the rate of the reaction in beaker $1$.
Which factors could help to explain this observation?
$1$. The reaction in beaker $1$ has a higher activation energy than the reaction in beaker $2$.
$2$. The zinc in beaker $1$ is in larger pieces than the zinc in beaker $2$.
$3$. The acid in beaker $1$ is at a lower concentration than the acid in beaker $2$.

  1. $1, 2$ and $3$ are correct

  2. $1$ and $2$ only are correct

  3. $2$ and $3$ only are correct

  4. $1$ only is correct


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Since the rate of reaction in beaker $2$ is greater than the rate of reaction in beaker $1$, thus the concentration of acid in beaker $2$ will be greater than that in beaker $1$.
Also, lower the activation energy, the faster the rate of reaction. Thus the reaction in beaker $2$ has a lower activation energy than the reaction in beaker $2$.
Also the zinc in beaker $2$ will be in small pieces than that in beaker $2$ as large pieces will break slowly to react.
Hence $1, \; 2$ and $3$ are correct.

The approach to the following equilibrium was observed kinetically from both directions:
$ Pt{ Cl } _{ 4 }^{ -2 }+H _{ 2 }O\rightleftharpoons Pt(H _{ 2 }O)CI _{ 3 }+Cl^{ - } $
At $ 25^o C,$  it was found that  $ -\dfrac { d[PtC{ l } _{ 4 }^{ 2- }] }{ dt } =(3.9  \times 10^{ -5 } s^{ -1 }) [PtC{ l } _{ 4 }^{ 2- }]-(2.1  \times 10^{ -3 } L mol^{ -1 }s^{ -1 }) [Pt(H _{ 2 }O)C{ l } _{ 3 }^{ - }][Cl^{ - }] $
The value of $ K _{eq} $ (equilibrium constant) for the complexation of the fourth $ cl^- $ by $ Pt( II ) $ is

  1. $ 53.8 mol L^{-1} $

  2. $ 0.018 mol L^{-1} $

  3. $ 53.8 L mol^{-1} $

  4. $ 0.018 L mol^{-1} $


Correct Option: A

Which statements are correct in terms of chemical kinetic stuides?

  1. The quenching of a reaction can be made by cooling the reaction mixture.

  2. The quenching of a reaction can be made by diluting the reaction mixture.

  3. The reaction is supposed to be completed if it is kept for long time or strongly heated.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A,B,C
Explanation:

The quenching of a reaction can be made by cooling as well as diluting the reaction mixture. The reaction is supposed to be completed if it is kept for a long time or strongly heated. Quenching a reaction is used to deactivate any unreacted reagents. It is also done by adding an antisolvent to induce precipitation, and collecting or removing the solids.

What does the exponential factor represent?

  1. The total number of reactants in a reaction.

  2. The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

  3. The fraction of reactants that have approached the activation energy hill and made it over per number of attempts.

  4. The fraction of reaction energy given off per unit of time.

  5. The fraction of products that have approached the activation energy hill and made it over per number of attempts.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The exponential factor represents the fraction of "reactants" that have approached the activation energy hill and made it over per number of attempts.

In a reaction mechanism consisting of elementary reaction steps where the relative rate of each is given, which of the following is most likely to be the rate-determining step?

  1. A step labeled fast

  2. A step labeled moderate

  3. A step labeled slow

  4. It is not possible to tell which step is rate determining from this information.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In a multi-step reaction, the elementary step having the slowest-rate is always the rate determining step of the overall reaction.

Therefore, a step labeled slow will be the rate determining step.

Statement: The rate of instantaneous reactions can be determined experimentally.


State whether the given statement is true or false.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Instantaneous rate: It can be determined graphically by using the concentrations of reactant or product at different time intervals.


Hence, the given statement is $\text{true}$

If the rate with respect to $O _2, NO, NO _2$ are $\displaystyle \frac{- \Delta [O _2]}{\Delta t}$ $= \dfrac{-1}{2}\dfrac{\Delta [NO]}{\Delta t}$, $= \dfrac{+1}{2} \dfrac{\Delta [NO _2]}{\Delta t}$, then the corresponding chemical equation is $2NO+O _2  \rightarrow NO _2$.
  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Rate of formation of ${ SO } _{ 3 }$ according to the reaction $2{ SO } _{ 2 }+O _{ 2 }\rightarrow 2{ SO } _{ 3 }\quad is\quad 1.6\times { 10 }^{ -3 }kg\quad min^{ -1 }$. Hence rate at which $SO _{ 2 }$ reacts is:

  1. $1.6\times { 10 }^{ -3 }kg\quad { min }^{ -1 }$

  2. $8.0\times { 10 }^{ -4 }kg\quad { min }^{ -1 }$

  3. $3.2\times { 10 }^{ -3 }kg\quad { min }^{ -1 }$

  4. $1.28\times { 10 }^{ -3 }kg\quad { min }^{ -1 }$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

$2 SO _2 + O _2 \rightleftharpoons  2 SO _3$


$\dfrac{1}{2}\dfrac{d[SO _3]}{dt} = 1.6 \times 10^{-3} kg/min = \dfrac{1.6 \times 10^{-3}}{80} mol/min$                             $[\because M _{SO _3}= 80 \times 10^{-3} Kg/mol]$


$\dfrac{-1}{2}\dfrac{d[SO _2]}{dt} = \dfrac{+1}{2}\dfrac{d[SO _3]}{dt}$

$= -\dfrac{1.6 \times 10^{-3}}{80 \times 10} $ mol/min

$= -\dfrac{1}{50} \times 64 \times 10^{-3} = -1.28 \times 10^{-3} $ kg/min

For a reaction
$2A+B\rightarrow C+D$, the active mass of $B$ is kept constant but that of $A$ is tripled. The rate of reaction will -

  1. Decrease by $3$ times

  2. Increased by $9$ times

  3. Increase by $3$ times

  4. Unpredictable


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to the given reaction, $ Rate = k[A]^{2}[B]^{1} $

When A becomes 3A i.e. triples, the rate will become: $ Rate^{'} = k[3A]^{2}[B]^{1} = 9k[A]^{2}[B] $
Thus, rate of reaction is increased by 9 times. 

The study of chemical kinetics becomes highly complicate if there occurs:

  1. reversible reaction

  2. side reaction

  3. surface reaction

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B,C
Explanation:

The study of chemical kinetics becomes highly complicate if there occurs side reactions or surface reactions.These reactions bring changes in the value of rate constant and not help to proceeds the reaction in the right manner.

The container of $2$ litrer contains $4$ mole of $N _{2}O _{5}$. On heating to $100^{\circ}C, N _{2}O _{5}$ undergoes complete dissociation to $NO _{2}$ and $O _{2}$. Select the correct answers if rate constant for decomposition of $N _{2}O _{5}$ is $6.2\times 10^{-4}sec^{-1}$.
1. The mole ratio before and after dissociation is $4 : 2$
2. Half life of $N _{2}O _{5}$ is $1117\ sec$ and it is independent of concentration.
3. Time required to complete $40$% of reaction is $824\ sec$.
4. If volume of container is doubled, the initial rate of decomposition becomes half of the initial rate.

  1. $1, 3, 4$

  2. $1, 2, 3, 4$

  3. $3, 4$

  4. $2, 3, 4$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Because reaction is first order

$\vartheta =k[A]$
$A=A _{0}e^{-kt}$

for which

$t _{40}=824$sec
if$v _{f}=2V _{i}\Rightarrow C _{f}=\frac{C _{i}}{2}\Rightarrow \vartheta _{f}=\frac{\vartheta _{i}}{2}$

- Hide questions