India is the seventh largest country of the world and world’s most populated nation after China. The total 17.5% population of world is living in just 2.4% area of the world (Census of 2011). According to 2011 Census India is second most populated country of the world after China. India has the population of 1,21,05,69,573 persons. 

Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. Kerala has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate of 12 in India because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.

Death Rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. 

The tertiary sector covers those activities that aid the primary and secondary sectors. It provides services rather than goods and hence, it is also called the service sector. E.g. transportation, education services, telephone, information technology, banking, health services etc.

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. This information is an important social indicator to measure the extent of equality between males and females in a society at a given time. The sex ratio in the country has always remained unfavourable to females. Among Indian states, Kerala has highest sex ratio of 1084 females to 1000 males.

There will growth in population, If the birth rate is higher than death rate.The difference between birth rate and the death rate is called natural growth rate of population.

The way in which people are spread across the earth surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives in about 10 per cent of the land surface. The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven. Some areas are very crowded and some are sparely populated. The crowded areas are south and south east Asia, Europe and north eastern North America. Very few people live in high latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and areas of equatorial forests. Among the following countries Romania has the smallest population.

West Bengal has the lowest birth rate of and Orissa has the highest birth rate in $2007$.

Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years. Till 1980, high birth rates and declining death rates led to a large difference between birth rates and death rates resulting in higher rates of population growth. Since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually, resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.

Death rates have declined from 25 per 1000 population in 1951 to 8.1 per 1000 in 2001 and life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001. The substantial improvement is the result of many factors including improvement in public health, prevention of infectious diseases and application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments.

None of the above are incorrect because it should be always remember that, Market price $- NIT =$ Factor cost and Domestic Income $+ NFIA =$ National Income.

To predict the future population of an area, demographic transition theory can be used. This theory explains 3 staged model of demographic transition: 

MP has the $58$ life expectancy at birth, in $2006$.

Reasons for high births rate in India are:

• lack of education
• joint family system
• social superstition

Birth rate in India is high because of: 

To predict the future population of an area, demographic transition theory can be used. This theory explains 3 staged model of demographic transition: 

Demographic Dividend is a phenomenon which occurs when the proportion of working population out of the total population is high. A country is expected to reap the demographic dividend when the share of its working population is larger than the share of its non-working population. India is currently going through a phase of the demographic dividend.