In $1853$ year a barrage was built across the river Krishna at Vijayawada.

The alluvial soil of the Andhra Pradesh is also called Ondru bhumi.

Alluvial soil are mostly found in the Penamakuru village.

Sugarcane, Turmeric, Yam and Banana are cultivated as cash crop in the Penamakuru village.

Penamakuru is a village located in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Bharatha Yuvajana Sangham, a youth welfare organisation, conduct the Games Meet to mark Sankranti in January to prevent illegal activities such as gambling and cock fights, in Penamakuru village of Thotlavalluru mandal in Krishna District.

Bandar canal flows from North west to South East.

The farmers grow paddy like MTU 2716, Swarna and BPT. In the month of December they sow the winter crop called dalva.

Krishna district is an administrative district in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Machilipatnam is the administrative headquarters and Vijayawada is the most populated city in the district. It has an area of 8,727 km² and had a population of 45,29,009 as per 2011 census of India.

The Penamakuru region receives good amount of rainfall from June to Octomber.

There are 693 households in the village and an average 3 persons live in every family.

Fruitbearing trees are cultivated mostly seen in the bank of river Krishna and upland areas of Penamakuru.

Leguminous plants belong to the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae). The fruits of this plant are called legumes. Well-known examples of legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, lentils, lupins, mesquite, carob, soy, and peanuts. Legume plants are notable for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Sandy soil is also known as “Light soil”. Generally, sandy soil is composed of- 35% sand and less than 15% silt and clay. Primarily sand is the small pieces of eroded rocks with a gritty texture. In sandy soil, most of the soil particulars are bigger than 2mm in diameter.

The nursery for the paddy monsoon crop is called Salva.