TIROS-1 stands for Television and Infrared Observation Satellite -1. It was the first meteorological satellite. It was launched by the United states of America.

Aerial photographs were the first result of remote sensing utilized by the cartographers, or map makers. In 1858, French map-makers used a hot air balloon and primitive cameras to take inclined aerial photographs of the landscape.

In the 1970s, the second revolution in remote sensing technology began with the launch of ERTS (Earth Resource Technology Satellite.) This series was renamed LANDSAT in 1975.

• An orthophoto is a simulation of a photograph taken from an infinite distance, looking straight down to nadir.

In 1858, French map-makers used a hot air balloon and primitive cameras to take oblique (inclined) aerial photographs of the landscape.

Mass media is a part of everyone's life today. They are referred to as ‘mass’ media because they reach mass audiences – audiences comprised of very large numbers of people. Out of the given options television is a means of mass communication. In India, television programming was introduced in 1989. Since then it has been used for various reasons e.g., to promote education, disseminate information, entertainment. Moreover, television leaves a great impact on the viewers. The growth in television in both technology and reach is remarkable. 

• SPOT was launched on February 22, 1986 and decommissioned on December 31, 1999. 
• The SPOT orbited 5 satellites from 1986 to 2015, revealing Earth’s surface in increasing detail and paving the way for a plethora of applications including mapping, vegetation monitoring, land use and land cover, and the impacts of natural disasters.

El-Nino derived from Spanish means 'the child',i.e. baby christ. A warm ocean current that flows over Peru is an interval of two to five years.

• Remote sensing is a relatively cheap and rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information over a large geographical area.
  

Advantages of remote sensing:

The first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union was Sputnik I. It was launched on October 4, 1957. It was the world's first artificial satellite.

In remote sensing, the energy is recorded by the sensor. After that recorded energy is transmitted to the receiving and processing station where the data are processed into image either in hard copy or digital or both.

In the remote sensing process, the energy is recorded by the sensors. This recorded energy has to be transmitted in the electronic form to a receiving and processing station where the data are processed into an image.

• The processed image is interpreted, visually and/or digitally or electronically, to extract information about the target which was illuminated.