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Ecology and Bio-diversity - 1

Description: Ecology and Bio-diversity - 1
Number of Questions: 25
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Tags: Ecology and Bio-diversity MPSC HPSC HSSC UPPSC TNPSC KPSC OPSC GPSC PPSC JKPSC UPSC CSAT Ecology and Biodiversity General Awareness Indian and World Geography Geography
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In a lake polluted with pesticides, which one of the following will contain the maximum amount of pesticides?

  1. Big fish

  2. Microscopic animals

  3. Small fish

  4. Water fowls


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In a lake polluted with pesticides, water fowls will contain the maximum amount of pesticides. Waterfowl are members of the family Anatidae. They are strong swimmers with medium to large bodies. They have historically been an important food source, and continue to be hunted as game, or raised as poultry for meat and eggs. 

What is smog?

  1. Smoke + carbon dioxide

  2. Fog + carbon monoxide

  3. Fog + smoke

  4. Carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Smog is fog + smoke

A natural phenomenon that becomes harmful due to pollution is

  1. greenhouse effect

  2. eutrophication

  3. desertification

  4. noise


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A natural phenomenon that becomes harmful due to pollution is greenhouse effect. 

What describes factors like moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light and minerals that are needed by a plant for survival?

  1. Symbiotic relationships

  2. Biotic factors

  3. Carnivore-herbivore relationships

  4. Abiotic factors


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Abiotic factors describe factors like moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals that are needed by a plant for survival. Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment, which affect ecosystems. It explains such factors needed for the plant survival. 

What is the primary reason for targeting 'biodiversity hotspots' for conservation?

  1. They are the only areas where species are seriously threatened in the world.

  2. The number of species threatened far exceeds our capacity to protect them and we can, therefore, only concentrate on areas of highest species diversity.

  3. Protecting all areas of threatened species would not allow for new species to develop.

  4. They are areas where people do not live and conservation would, therefore, not be affecting the economic development of the area.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Primary reason for targeting 'biodiversity hotspots' for conservation is the number of species threatened far exceeds our capacity to protect them and we can, therefore, only concentrate on areas of highest species diversity. The biodiversity hotspots hold especially high numbers of endemic species, yet their combined area of remaining habitat covers only 2.3 percent of the Earth's land surface. Each hotspot faces extreme threats and has already lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation. Over 50 percent of the world's plant species and 42 percent of all terrestrial vertebrate species are endemic to the 34 biodiversity hotspots. 

A common disease which develops among the coal mine workers is

  1. tuberculosis

  2. silicosis

  3. filaria

  4. beriberi


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A common disease which develops among the coal mine workers is silicosis. Exposure to coal mine dust and crystalline silica results in pneumoconiosis with initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

Which of the following is a biotic factor directly operating in an ecosystem?

  1. The carnivores

  2. Precipitation

  3. Biogas

  4. Climate


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Carnivores is a biotic factor directly operating in an ecosystem. A carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging. 

Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas?

  1. Water vapour

  2. Methane

  3. Helium

  4. Carbon dioxide


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Helium is not a major greenhouse gas. It is a greenhouse gas because it can absorb and re-emit the Sun's energy, but it is not a major greenhouse gas. 

What causes greenhouse effect?

  1. Trapping of CO2 and water vapour by the ozone layer

  2. Trapping of sun rays by the atmosphere

  3. Increase in percentage of CO2 and methane

  4. Trapping of sun rays by the ozone layer


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Trapping of sun rays by the atmosphere causes greenhouse effect. A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. 

Many scientists believe that greenhouse effect is predominantly the result of

  1. using chemical fertilizers to increase crop production

  2. testing nuclear weapons in violation of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

  3. using large amounts of gasoline, oil and coal in developed nations

  4. overgrazing on land


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Many scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is predominantly the result of using large amounts of gasoline, oil and coal in developed nations. The use of these products releases carbon dioxide, which is believed to destroy the ozone layer, which protects Earth from harmful solar radiation. 

_______ of land surface is used for agriculture and grazing by the world's 6 billion people.

  1. A quarter

  2. One eighth

  3. Three quarters

  4. One third


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

One third of land surface is used for agriculture and grazing by the world's 6 billion people. This method of raising livestock is known as intensive rotational grazing or management-intensive grazing. It may be a very non-productive method but it reduces pollution, improves water quality and reduces erosion. 

Which of the following countries/regions is/are the largest source(s) of carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels?

  1. Developing nations

  2. Countries of the former U.S.S.R.

  3. Japan and China

  4. North America


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

North America is the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels.  North America’s 3,000 fossil fuel-burning power plants continue to produce two-thirds of the region’s electricity and, at the same time, generate the majority of certain harmful air pollutants and emit more greenhouse gases than any other industrial sector. 

Which of the following diseases is not caused by air pollution?

  1. Cough

  2. Common cold

  3. Asthma

  4. Wheezing


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Common cold is not caused by air pollution. Some of the causes of common cold are transmission of common cold viruses via airborne droplets, i.e. aerosols, direct contact with infected nasal secretions or contaminated objects. 

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased in recent years. Environmentalists suggest this change is a direct result of

  1. overcutting of forests and the increased use of fossil fuels

  2. dumping of inorganic material into lakes and rivers

  3. improper storage of solid and nuclear waste

  4. use of herbicides and toxic substances such as asbestos and DDT


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased in recent years. Environmentalists suggest this change is a direct result of the overcutting of forests and the increased use of fossil fuels. Deforestation and the use of fossil fuels are both suspected of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential effects on the environment, such as global warming due to the weakening of the ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful solar radiation. 

The age of earth is estimated to be

  1. 4.5 billion years

  2. 4.5 million years

  3. 4.5 years

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The age of earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years. This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples. 

Which of these can possibly be causing the increase in temperatures being observed around the world?

  1. Increased solar activity

  2. Man-made pollution

  3. Both of these

  4. Neither of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Man made pollution is causing the increase in temperatures being observed around the world. Man made pollution causes causes acid rain, ozone problems, and global warming. And these are the main reasons for increase in temperatures around the world. 

What is the centre of a cyclone known as?

  1. Centre of the storm

  2. Eye of the storm

  3. Mouth of the storm

  4. Ear of the storm


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The centre of a cyclone is known as Eye of the storm. Eye of the Storm refers to a region of mostly calm weather found at the center of strong tropical cyclones. 

The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is

  1. 0.03 to 0.04%

  2. 21%

  3. 2.45%

  4. 7.8%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is .03% .04%. In 2009, the CO2 global average concentration in Earth's atmosphere was about 0.0387% by volume, or 387 parts per million by volume. 

The swift movement of falling water droplets along with the rising air that creates lightning and sound is called

  1. Thunderstorm

  2. Cyclone

  3. Hailstorm

  4. Typhoon


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The swift movement of falling water droplets along with the rising air that creates lightning and sound is called thunderstorm. A thunderstorm is also known as an electrical storm, a lightning storm, thundershower which  is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere known as thunder. 

Ozone gas absorbs

  1. violet radiation

  2. ultra-violet radiation

  3. infra-red radiation

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ozone gas absorbs ultra-violet radiation. It absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun. Ozone is capable of absorbing infrared radiation coming from the planet and releases it during the evening hours. It is a greenhouse gas. 

Which of the following organisms are totally dependent upon other animals for their food?

  1. Omnivores

  2. Producers

  3. Carnivores

  4. Herbivores


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carnivores are totally dependent upon other animals for their food. Carnivorous animals are meat-eaters, meaning that they only eat other animals in order to get their nutrition. Carnivores usually have sharp teeth and strong jaws, which they need to successfully, catch and eat their prey. Lions, crocodiles, sharks, otters and weasels are all carnivorous animals.

Rising global temperatures will lead to

  1. longer summers and drier winters

  2. higher water levels in lakes and streams and more consistent flooding patterns

  3. regional climatic changes and a rise in sea level

  4. low water levels in lakes and streams and larger floodplains


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Rising global temperatures will lead to regional climatic changes and a rise in sea level. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century, and its projected continuation. 

The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is

  1. 7.8%

  2. 0.03 to 0.04%

  3. 21%

  4. 2.45%


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21%. The atmosphere of Earth is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. Even if the atmosphere today has only 21 percent oxygen, today is still regarded as a period with rapid development of animals because of a high amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. 

Which of the following is the mantra to help conserve water?

  1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

  2. Reduce, Reproduce, Reuse

  3. Renew, Recycle, Reduce

  4. Reuse, Renew, Reproduce


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Reduce, reuse and recycle is the mantra to help conserve water. The water waste hierarchy refers to the three R's of reduce, reuse and recycle which classify water waste management strategies according to their desirability. 

All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere wherein life exists is called

  1. a community

  2. a population

  3. the biosphere

  4. a biome


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere wherein life exists are called the biosphere. The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be called the zone of life on Earth, a closed and self-regulating system. 

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